Moiré alignment algorithm for an aberration-corrected holographic grating exposure system and error analysis.

To meet the required manufacturing accuracy of high-quality aberration-corrected holographic gratings, we propose a moiré alignment algorithm for the exposure system of holographic gratings. A model holographic grating exposure system is built with multiple degrees of freedom based on optical path function theory. The whole process algorithm is then derived, including the fourth-order orthogonal polynomial of the holographic gratings, fitted aberration coefficients, and an optimized Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for the exposure system's recording parameters. Finally, the simulated alignment and error analysis of a 2400 gr/mm aberration-corrected holographic grating's exposure system are presented. The proposed moiré alignment algorithm for such exposure systems can effectively improve the alignment accuracy, ensuring better holographic grating aberration correction ability.

[Study on the Effects and Compensation Effect of Recording Parameters Error on Imaging Performance of Holographic Grating in On-Line Spectral Diagnose].

To making the high resolution grating, a numerical calculation was used to analyze the effect of recording parameters on groove density, focal curve and imaging performance of the grating and their compensation. Based on Fermat' s principle, light path function and aberration, the effect on imaging performance of the grating was analyzed. In the case of fixed using parameters, the error of the recording angle has a greater influence on imaging performance, therefore the gain of the weight of recording angle can improve the accuracy of the recording angle values in the optimization; recording distance has little influence on imaging performance; the relative errors of recording parameters cause the change of imaging performance of the grating; the results indicate that recording parameter errors can be compensated by adjusting its corresponding parameter. The study can give theoretical guidance to the fabrication for high resolution varied-line-space plane holographic grating in on-line spectral diagnostic and reduce the alignment difficulty by analyze the main error effect the imaging performance and propose the compensation method.

18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Epididymo-Testicular Malacoplakia.

ABSTRACT: A 56-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of a mass in the right epididymo-testicular region, which exhibited heterogeneous high avidity for 18F-FDG on PET/CT. Malignant tumor was highly suspected, leading to subsequent right orchiectomy and epididymectomy. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies within von Hansemann macrophages, confirming the diagnosis of malacoplakia.

Identification and Characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Encoding Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Lignin in the cell wall forms a physical barrier to inhibit pathogen invasion, and defense-induced lignification reinforces secondary cell wall to prevent pathogens from further spreading. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs) catalyze the production of three main monolignols, p-coumaryl- (H), coniferyl- (G), and sinapyl-alcohols (S), which are the fundamental blocks of lignin. Here, we identified CAD genes in G. hirsutum, analyzed their expression profiles in cotton leaf, stem, and root from different developmental stages, and selected GhCAD35, GhCAD45, and GhCAD43, which were consistently induced by V. dahliae inoculation in G. hirsutum cultivars resistant or susceptible to V. dahliae. On the basis of confirmation of the in vitro enzymatic activity of the three proteins in generation of the three monolignols, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to investigate the effects of silencing of GhCAD35, GhCAD45, or GhCAD43 on resistance to V. dahliae as well as on deposition and the composition of lignin. Silencing each of the three CADs impaired the defense-induced lignification and salicylic acid biosynthesis in stem, and compromised resistance to V. dahliae. Moreover, our study showed that silencing the three GhCADs severely affected the biosynthesis of S-lignin, leading to a decrease of the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio. Heterogeneous overexpression of GhCAD35, GhCAD45, or GhCAD43 in Arabidopsis enhanced disease resistance. Taken together, our study demonstrates a role of the three GhCADs in defense-induced lignin biosynthesis and resistance to V. dahliae in G. hirsutum.