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BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still the fastest growing cause of blindness in working aged adults, and its typical characteristics are endothelial cell dysfunction and pericytes loss. Transcription factor fork head box P1 (FOXP1) is a member of FOX family involved in diabetes progression and is expressed in endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of FOXP1 in DR. METHODS: The vitreous of DR patients and non-DR patients were collected, and the expression of FOXP1 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in high glucose simulated DR environment, and the expressions of FOXP1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot (WB) after transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock out FOXP1. At the same time, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay (EDU), flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and tube-forming experiment were performed to determine cell proliferation, migration, and tube-forming ability. RESULTS: We found that FOXP1 was highly expressed in the vitreous of DR patients and HUVECs under high glucose condition. After FOXP1 was decreased, the activation of VEGF expression and inhibition of PEDF expression in HUVECs induced by high glucose were reversed; meanwhile, cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation decreased, and apoptosis was promoted. CONCLUSION: Generally, FOXP1 is highly expressed in the vitreous of DR patients, and its silence prevented VEGF/PEDF signaling pathway stimulated by high glucose and also reduced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cell, thus improving vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by DR. The results indicate that FOXP1 may be a therapeutic target of DR.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatía Diabética , Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Retinopatía Diabética/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Glucosa/farmacología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genéticaRESUMEN
In this study, P. kudriavzevii was isolated and identified as an effective antagonistic yeast, which could significantly inhibit the rotting rate, weight loss, and delay the color change, with no effect on total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), or firmness during cherry tomato storage. High-throughput sequencing was used to survey the effect of P. kudriavzevii on fungal community throughout cold storage. The results showed that the biological succession of predominant pathogens was disrupted by P. kudriavzevii. The abundance of Botrytis and Alternaria was higher in the control than upon P. kudriavzevii treatment at 28 d, but some yeast genera such as Naganishia, Wickerhamomyces, and Cutaneotrichosporon at 14 d, Pichia and Sporidiobolus at 21 d, and Cystofilobasidium at 28 d, had relatively higher abundances in P. kudriavzevii treatments than the control. Oddly, as an antagonist agent, P. kudriavzevii was not the dominant population, indicating that altering the course of succession of the fungal community may be an effective mechanism of antagonistic yeast. Furthermore, the total network correlation analysis of fungal community revealed that the community development was more dependent on similarities in function than on taxonomic relationships.
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Antibiosis , Frutas/microbiología , Microbiota , Micobioma , Pichia/fisiología , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Agentes de Control Biológico , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer. Little is known about the genetic changes that occur in esophageal cells during the development of ESCC. We performed next-generation sequence analyses of esophageal nontumor, intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN), and ESCC tissues from the same patients to track genetic changes during tumor development. METHODS: We performed whole-genome, whole-exome, or targeted sequence analyses of 227 esophageal tissue samples from 70 patients with ESCC undergoing resection at Shantou University Medical College in China from 2012 through 2015 (no patients had received chemotherapy or radiation therapy); we analyzed normal tissues, tissues with simple hyperplasia, dysplastic tissues (IEN), and ESCC tissues collected from different regions of the esophagus at the same time. We also obtained 1191 nontumor esophageal biopsy specimens from the Chaoshan region (a high-risk region for ESCC) of China (a high-risk region for ESCC) and performed immunohistochemical and histologic analyses to detect inflammation. RESULTS: IEN and ESCC tissues had similar mutations and copy number alterations, at similar frequencies; these differed from mutations detected in tissues with simple hyperplasia. IEN tissues had mutations associated with apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like-mediated mutagenesis (a DNA damage mutational signature). Genetic analyses indicated that most ESCCs were formed from early stage IEN clones. Trunk mutations (mutations shared by >10% of paired IEN and ESCC tissues) were in genes that regulate DNA repair and cell apoptosis, proliferation and adhesion. Mutations in TP53 and CDKN2A and copy number alterations in 11q (contains CCND1), 3q (contains SOX2), 2q (contains NFE2L2), and 9p (contains CDKN2A) were considered to be trunk variants; these were dominant mutations detected at high frequencies in clones of paired IEN and ESCC samples. In the esophageal biopsy samples from high-risk individuals (residing in the Chaoshan region), 68.9% had an evidence of chronic inflammation; the level of inflammation was correlated with atypical cell structures and markers of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed mutations and gene copy number changes in nontumor, IEN, and ESCC samples, collected from 70 patients. IEN and ESCCs each had similar mutations and markers of genomic instability, including apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like. Genomic changes observed in precancerous lesions might be used to identify patients at risk for ESCC.
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Carcinoma in Situ/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Esofagitis/metabolismo , Esófago/patología , Desaminasas APOBEC/genética , Apoptosis/genética , Adhesión Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 11/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 2/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 3/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9/genética , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina , Inhibidor p18 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Reparación del ADN/genética , Esofagitis/patología , Esófago/metabolismo , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Hiperplasia/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Filogenia , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether electroacupuncture (EA) treatment inhibited cell apoptosis of intervertebral annulus fibrosis (AF) via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)-caspase-8 and integrin ß1/Akt signaling pathways in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration caused by unbalanced dynamic and static forces. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study, of which 24 rats underwent surgery to induce cervical intervertebral disc degeneration, while eight rats received EA treatment at Dazhui (GV 14). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect TNF-α, TNFR1, and caspase-8. Apoptosis of AF cells was examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of integrin ß1 and Akt were evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with EA decreased TUNEL-positive AF cells and lowered TNF-α, TNFR1 and caspase-8 positive cells compared with control groups. EA treatment also increased integrin ß1 and Akt mRNA and protein levels compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Treatment with EA inhibits AF cell apoptosis through suppression of the TNF-α-TNFR1-caspase-8 signal pathway and increases the expression of integrin ß1 and Akt. EA may be a good alternative therapy for treating cervical spondylosis.
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Apoptosis , Caspasa 8/metabolismo , Electroacupuntura , Integrina beta1/metabolismo , Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Espondilosis/terapia , Animales , Caspasa 8/genética , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Fibrosis/genética , Fibrosis/metabolismo , Fibrosis/patología , Humanos , Integrina beta1/genética , Disco Intervertebral/patología , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Transducción de Señal , Espondilosis/genética , Espondilosis/metabolismo , Espondilosis/patología , Espondilosis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
For robot manipulators composed of Lagrange subsystems driven by direct current (DC) motors under stochastic environments, multi-stage trajectory tracking is investigated in this paper. The main challenge is how to achieve the end-effector drive of manipulators from a given initial state to a final state. First, the inverse kinematics method and the partition of the task space are adopted to tackle multi-stage trajectory planning. Second, the adaptive backstepping technique is used to design tracking controller for stochastic Lagrangian subsystems. Then, based on the state-dependent switching signal, a multi-stage switched controller is designed for trajectory tracking of robot manipulators. All signals in the close-loop error switched system are bounded in probability, and the tracking error in mean square can be made arbitrarily small enough by parameters-tuning The effectiveness of the proposed control method is illustrated by simulation results.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the associations between brain structures, cognition, and motor control in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with a focus on dual-task performance. METHODS: Thirty MCI patients and thirty healthy controls were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to calculate brain parenchyma volume and gray matter volume (GMV). Participants performed single- and dual-task Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, and the correlations between significant GMV differences and task execution time was analyzed. RESULTS: MCI patients showed significantly lower MoCA scores, particularly in visuospatial/executive, attention, and delayed recall domains (p < 0.05). Dual-task TUG execution time was significantly increased in MCI patients (p < 0.05). The GMV in the right anterior lobe of the cerebellum and both insulae was positively correlated with visuospatial/executive scores (FDR-corrected, p < 0.05). The GMV of the right cerebellar anterior lobe and insula were significantly reduced in MCI patients (p < 0.05). The GMV of the right cerebellar anterior lobe was negatively correlated with dual-task execution time (r = -0.32, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Smaller GMV in the right anterior lobe of the cerebellum was associated with impaired dual-task performance, which may provide more evidence for the neural mechanisms of cognitive and motor function impairments in MCI.
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In this article, electro-osmotic thrusters (EOTs), which are full of non-Newtonian power-law fluids with a flow behavior index n of the effective viscosity, are theoretically investigated in a microchannel. Different values of the flow behavior index represent two kinds of non-Newtonian power-law fluids, pseudoplastic fluids (n < 1) and dilatant fluids (n > 1), which have not yet been considered to be used as propellants in micro-thrusters. Analytical solutions of the electric potential and flow velocity are obtained using the Debye-Hückel linearization assumption and the approximate scheme of hyperbolic sine function. Then, thruster performances of power-law fluids, including specific impulse, thrust, thruster efficiency, and thrust-to-power ratio, are explored in detail. Results show that these performance curves strongly depend on the flow behavior index and electrokinetic width. It is noted that the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid is most suitable as a propeller solvent in micro electro-osmotic thrusters owing to its improving or optimizing deficiencies in the performances of the existing Newtonian fluid thrusters.
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Naringenin is a flavonoid extracted from the seed coat of Anacardiaceae plants. Increasing evidence indicates that it has several properties of biological significance, such as anti-infection, sterilization, anti-allergy, antioxidant free radical, and anti-tumor. However, its effect on osteoarthritis has not been elucidated properly. In this study, the treatment of primary chondrocytes with interleukin (IL)-1ß was found to increase the secretions of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Further, the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase ((MMP)3, MMP9, and MMP13), the protein expression of Recombinant A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin 5 (ADAMTS5), and cell apoptosis increased; the protein expression of Collagen II decreased. The injury of primary chondrocytes induced by IL-1ß was reversed under the intervention of naringenin; this reversal was dose-dependent. The mechanistic study showed that naringenin inhibited the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NF-κB pathway in IL-1ß-stimulated primary cells, and LPS, a TLR4 activator, reversed this inhibitory effect. In addition, a mouse model of osteoarthritis was established and treated with naringenin. The results revealed that naringenin alleviated the pathological symptoms of osteoarthritis in mice, reduced the expression of TLR4 and TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB in knee cartilage tissue. It also inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors, reduced extracellular matrix degradation, and decreased the protein expression of cleaved caspase3. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that naringenin may be a potential option for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Condrocitos , FN-kappa B , Osteoartritis , Animales , Ratones , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , ApoptosisRESUMEN
Fresh goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries were treated with high-concentration (50% and 90%) oxygen shocking for 30 min and then stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C for 30 d. Decay, aerobic plate count, firmness, weight loss, total soluble solid (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) were evaluated during storage. A total of 90% O2 shocking more effectively reduced decay and maintained the weight loss and firmness of goji berries. Subsequently, changes in fungi communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in the 90% O2-shocking and control groups. The results showed that 90% O2 shocking retained the richness and diversity of fungi communities and the microbiome was related to the quality properties of the fruit. Thus, we inferred that high oxygen shocking inhibited the development of natural decay and maintained the satisfying quality of goji berries by affecting the fungi community composition, which reduced the growth of pathogenic fungi and harmful saprotrophic fungi in the genera, such as Filobasidium sp., Alternaria sp., and Cladosporium sp. We provide a new insight into the disease development and quality changes during the storage of postharvest goji berries.
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Ovarian metastasis of breast cancer with pseudo-Meigs' syndrome (PMS) is extremely rare. Only four cases of PMS secondary to breast cancer with ovarian metastasis have been reported to date. In this report, we present the fifth case of PMS caused by ovarian metastasis of breast cancer. On the 2nd of July 2019, a 53-year-old woman presented to our hospital with complaints of abdominal distension, irregular vaginal bleeding, and chest distress. Color Doppler ultrasound examination revealed a mass approximately 109×89 mm in size in the right adnexal area, accompanied by multiple uterine fibroids and a large amount of pelvic and peritoneal effusions. The patient had no common symptoms and showed no signs of breast cancer. The main manifestations were a right ovarian mass, massive hydrothorax, and ascites. Lab workup and imaging revealed raised CA125 (cancer antigen 125) levels and multiple bone metastases. At first the patient was misdiagnosed with ovarian carcinoma. After the rapid disappearance of oophorectomy hydrothorax and ascites, and decreased CA125 levels, from 1,831.8u/ml to normal range. According to the pathology report, breast cancer was finally diagnosed. The patient underwent endocrine therapy (Fulvestrant) and azole treatment after oophorectomy. At the 40-month follow-up, the patient was still alive and doing well.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive postural control exercise (PPCE) vs core stability exercise (CSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS: A total of 34 young-adult participants with CLBP were randomly assigned to two groups (the PPCE group and the CSE group). They received instructions for two different exercise training regimens persisting over 8 weeks. Before, after, and at 6 months after the intervention, the participants were evaluated on the basis of pain intensity (VAS), degree of dysfunction (ODI and RMDQ), contractility of transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (MF), as well as the ability to control static posture. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the results of the PPCE group and the CSE group. At the 6-month follow-up after the 8-week treatment, the scores of VAS, ODI, and RMDQ in the two groups decreased significantly compared to before (p < 0.05). The percentage change in thickness of bilateral TrA and left MF (p < 0.05) was elevated and the sway area of center of pressure during static stance tasks with eyes opened (p < 0.05) was decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION: In the short term, PPCE provides positive effects similar to those of core stability exercise in patients with CLBP. The effective mechanism of PPCE might be the consequence of neuromuscular plasticity and adaptation adjustments. PPCE enriches the choices of treatment for CLBP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn , identifier ChiCTR2100043113.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a widespread disorder with highly recurrent prevalence. As of now, the treatment effects are not satisfactory, leading to a search for novel therapies that might work better in patients with CLBP. This study comprehensively explored the effects of progressive postural control exercise, as compared to core stability exercise, on patients with CLBP. The outcomes included pain intensity, disability of daily life, contractility of trunk muscles, and postural control. The results of the study showed that the efficacy of exercises in patients in the experimental group was similar to that of the control group and both exercise treatments improved the pain intensity, the disability, the contractile function of trunk muscle, as well as postural control in patients with CLBP in the short term. The mechanism of the effects of progressive postural control exercise might be the consequence of "neuromuscular plasticity" and adaptation adjustments.
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Identifying effective biomarkers in osteosarcoma (OS) is important for predicting prognosis. We investigated the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in OS. Transcriptome and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. FRGs were obtained from the ferroptosis database. Univariate COX regression and LASSO regression screening were performed and an FRG-based prognostic model was constructed, which was validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort. The predictive power of the model was assessed via a subgroup analysis. A nomogram was constructed using clinical markers with independent prognostic significance and risk score results. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to detect the correlation between prognostic genes and 22 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of prognostic genes in erastin-treated OS cell lines was verified via real-time PCR. Six prognostic FRGs (ACSL5, ATF4, CBS, CDO1, SCD, and SLC3A2) were obtained and used to construct the risk prognosis model. Subjects were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Prognosis was worse in the high-risk group, and the model had satisfactory prediction performance for patients younger than 18 years, males, females, and those with non-metastatic disease. Univariate COX regression analysis showed that metastasis and risk score were independent risk factors for patients with OS. Nomogram was built on independent prognostic factors with superior predictive power and patient benefit. There was a significant correlation between prognostic genes and tumor immunity. Six prognostic genes were differentially expressed in ferroptosis inducer-treated OS cell lines. The identified prognostic genes can regulate tumor growth and progression by affecting the tumor microenvironment.
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Background: Although anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can restore the stability and function of the knee joint, patellofemoral joint cartilage damage still progresses. Currently, the clinically important factors that lead to the progression of patellofemoral articular cartilage damage are not fully understood. Purpose: To investigate the factors that affect the progression of patellofemoral articular cartilage damage after ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Among 160 patients who underwent ACLR between January 2015 and December 2019, the authors evaluated 129 patients for at least 1 year after surgery. Within 1 week before ACLR and at the last follow-up, patients underwent subjective functional assessment and magnetic resonance imaging evaluations of articular cartilage damage (modified Outerbridge assessment). At the last follow-up, the side-to-side difference on KT-2000 arthrometer and bilateral quadriceps muscle strength were measured. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The mean follow-up was 24.69 ± 10.74 months. Progression of patellar cartilage damage from preoperatively to final follow-up was seen in 45 patients (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the follow-up period (P = .047; odds radio (OR) = 0.953) (improvement of patellar cartilage damage with longer follow-up), partial lateral meniscal resection (P = .004; OR = 6.929), partial medial meniscal resection (P = .004; OR = 6.032), and quadriceps muscle strength <80% of the contralateral side (P = .001; OR = 4.745) were risk factors for the progression of patellar cartilage damage. Conclusion: Cartilage damage at the patellofemoral joint, especially the patellar cartilage, still progresses after ACLR. At a mean follow-up of 24.69 months after ACLR, partial meniscal resection and quadriceps femoris muscle strength were found to be the main risk factors for the progression of patellofemoral articular cartilage damage after ACLR.
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Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a rare benign, locally aggressive tumor that occurs in the epiphysis of long bones, especially the lower femur and the upper tibia. GCT of the bone of cranial origin is very rare, accounting for 1% of all GCT of the bone. We report the diagnosis, treatment, and immunohistochemistry of a rare case of intracranial GCT of the bone. We also review and summarize the imaging features, diagnostic markers, and current major treatment options for GCT of the bone. Our case and literature review emphasizes the importance of considering the full picture when making a diagnosis, rather than relying on imaging alone to make the diagnosis.
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INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) were found with impaired postural control in previous studies. Since the trunk muscle take important efforts on core stability, the study aimed to examine the relationships of postural control during stance tasks and the contractility of trunk muscle in young adults with CNSLBP and without. METHODS: Healthy individuals (n = 25) and individuals with CNSLBP (n = 30) were included. The thickness of the bilateral transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (MF) was measured during rest and maximal voluntary contraction, and the change percentages (TrA%, MF%) were calculated. Regarding postural control, COP path length and sway area during the stance tasks were measured thrice in each group. RESULTS: The bilateral TrA% of the CNSLBP group was less than that of the HC group (p < 0.05). The bilateral TrA% of the CNSLBP group was less than that of the HC group (p < 0.05). The bilateral MF% showed no significantly different(p > 0.05) between the two groups. Compared with healthy controls, CNSLBP patients resulted larger path length and sway area of COP during most of static stance tasks. During the EO task in the CNSLBP group, TrA% was found correlate to COP path length (p < 0.05); the right MF% was correlated with COP sway area (p < 0.05). No significant correlations appeared in the healthy controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with healthy individuals, impaired postural control during static stance with eyes open in patients with CNSLBP was likely to be related to the poor contraction ability of bilateral transversus abdominis and correlated to the normal contraction ability of right lumbar multifidus.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Músculos Abdominales/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Músculos Paraespinales , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most partial nephrectomies (PNs) are performed with hilar occlusion to reduce blood loss and optimize visualization. However, the histologic status of the preserved renal parenchyma years after PN is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the histologic chronic kidney disease (CKD) score of renal parenchyma before and years after PN, and to explore factors associated with CKD-score increase and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective review of 147 renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent PN and subsequent radical nephrectomy (RN) due to tumor recurrence was performed in 19 Chinese centers and Cleveland Clinic. Macroscopic normal renal parenchyma was evaluated at least 5 mm away from the tumor in PN specimens and at remote sites in RN specimens. INTERVENTION: PN/RN and ischemia. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Histologic CKD score (0-12) represents a summary of glomerular/tubular/interstitial/vascular status. Predictive factors for a substantial increase of CKD score (≥3) were evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Sixty-five patients with all necessary data were analyzed. The median interval between PN and RN was 2.4 yr. Median durations of warm ischemia (n = 42) and hypothermia (n = 23) were both 23 min. The histologic CKD score was increased after RN in 47 (72%) patients, with 29 (45%) experiencing more substantial increase (≥3). There was no significant difference in the change of CKD score related to the type and duration of ischemia (p = 0.7 and p = 0.4, respectively) or interval from PN to RN (p > 0.9). However, patients with comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, and/or pre-existing CKD (hypertension [HTN]/diabetes mellitus [DM]/CKD) demonstrated increased rate and extent of CKD-score increase. On univariate analysis, HTN/DM/CKD was the only predictor of a substantial CKD-score increase (odds ratio: 3.53 [1.12-11.1]). Decline of GFR was modest and similar between patients with/without a substantial CKD-score increase. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of conventional, limited durations of ischemia, histologic deterioration of preserved parenchyma after PN appears to be primarily due to pre-existing medical comorbidities rather than ischemia. A subsequent decline in renal function was mild and independent of histologic changes. PATIENT SUMMARY: After clamped PN, the preserved renal parenchyma demonstrated histologic deterioration in many cases, which correlated with the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease. In contrast, the type and duration of ischemia did not correlate with histologic changes after PN, suggesting that ischemia insult had only limited impact on parenchyma deterioration.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensión , Neoplasias Renales , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Isquemia/complicaciones , Isquemia/patología , Riñón/patología , Riñón/fisiología , Riñón/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , Nefrectomía/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Space electroosmotic thrusters (EOTs) are theoretically investigated in a soft charged nanochannel with a dense polyelectrolyte layer (PEL), which is considered to be more realistic than a low-density PEL. When the PEL is dense, its permittivity is smaller than the one of the electrolyte solution layer, leading to rearrangement of ions in the channel, which is denoted as the ion partitioning effect. It is noted that fluid viscosity becomes high within the PEL owing to the hydration effect. An analytical solution for electroosmotic velocity through the channel is obtained by utilizing the Debye-Hückel linearization assumption. Based on the fluid motion, thruster performances, including thrust, specific impulse, thrust-to-power ratio, and efficiency, are calculated. The ion partitioning effect leads to enhancement of the thruster velocity, while increase of the dynamic viscosity inside the PEL reduces the flow rate of the fluid. Therefore, these performances are further impacted by the dense soft material, which are discussed in detail. Moreover, changes or improvements of the thruster performances from the dense PEL to the weak PEL are presented and compared, and distributions of various energy items are also provided in this study. There is a good result whereby the increase in electric double layer thickness promotes the development of thruster performances. Ultimately, the simulated EOTs produce thrust of about 0 to 20 µN and achieve thruster efficiency of 90.40%, while maintaining an appropriate thrust-power ratio of about 1.53 mN/W by optimizing all design parameters.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying meniscus degeneration. METHODS: We performed anterior cruciate ligament resection in the Hainan Wuzhishan pig to establish a meniscus degeneration model. We applied gene chip technology to detect differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the degenerative meniscus tissues. We applied Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, core gene network, and relevant MicroRNA analyses to identify regulatory networks relevant to meniscus degeneration. We detected 893 differentially expressed genes, mainly involved in hormone production, apoptosis, and inflammation. RESULTS: We found that MUC13, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, MDFI, and miR-335-5p may play a key role in the degenerative meniscus tissue. CONCLUSION: We found that meniscus degeneration involves several molecular mechanisms and provide molecular targets for future research into the disease.
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Enzymatic browning is considered a critical factor that adversely decreases the quality of fresh-cut products. Although many individual physical or chemical methods have been explored to control browning, there are few approaches combining these technologies. In the present study, Sonchus oleraceus L. extract (SOLE) and ultrasound treatment efficiently controlled the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, lipoxygenase, soluble quinones, and intermediate and advanced products, and a lower malondialdehyde content and higher antioxidant capacity were observed in fresh-cut potato slices. More than 50 phenolics and flavonoids were identified in SOLE by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, the combined SOLE and ultrasound treatment could serve as a promising method for attenuating enzymatic browning.
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Extractos Vegetales/química , Solanum tuberosum/química , Sonchus/química , Sonicación , Antioxidantes/química , Catecol Oxidasa/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Flavonoides/análisis , Reacción de Maillard , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Sonchus/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Enzymatic browning is one of the major difficulties for the preservation and commercial value of fresh-cut products. To research more healthy and inexpensive anti-browning methods, we investigated the effect of ultrasonic coupling purslane extract on the browning resistance of fresh-cut potato during 8d storage at 4 °C. Firstly, the optimal ultrasonic time (10 min) was obtained. Then, the results showed that the combined application with lower purslane extract concentration (0.02%, w/w) could achieve a better anti-browning effect than the optimal concentration of alone purslane extract (0.05%, w/w). The combined application not only significantly inhibited the key enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), but also effectively reduced the damage to cell membrane, maintained its integrity and permeability. Meanwhile, it also improved antioxidant capacity during storage. Overall, the ultrasonic cavitation combined with purslane extract would be a promising method for fresh-cut industry.