Building Sustainable Saturated Fatty Acid-Zinc Interfacial Layer toward Ultra-Stable Zinc Metal Anodes.

The commercialization pace of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is seriously limited due to the uncontrolled dendrite growth and severe corrosion reaction of the zinc anode. Herein, a universal and extendable saturated fatty acid-zinc interfacial layer strategy for modulating the interfacial redox process of zinc toward ultrastable Zn metal anodes is proposed. The in situ complexing of saturated fatty acid-zinc interphases could construct an extremely thin zinc compound layer with continuously constructed zincophilic sites which kinetically regulates Zn nucleation and deposition behaviors. Furthermore, the multifunctional interfacial layer with internal hydrophobic carbon chains as a protective layer is efficient to exclude active water molecules from the surface and efficiently inhibit the surface corrosion of zinc. Consequently, the modified anode shows a long cycle life of over 4000 h at 5 mA cm-2. In addition, the assembled Zn||V2O5 full cells based on modified zinc anodes have excellent rate performance and long cycle stability.

Dual Active Sites of Oversaturated Fe-N5 and Fe2 O3 Nanoparticles for Accelerating Redox Kinetics of Polysulfides.

The shuttling effect and sluggish reaction kinetics are the main bottlenecks for the commercial viability of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Metal-nitrogen-carbon single atom catalysts have attracted much attention to overcoming these obstacles due to their novel electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel cooperative catalytic interface with dual active sites (oversaturated Fe-N5 and polar Fe2 O3 nanocrystals) are co-embedded in nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (Fe2 O3 /Fe-SA@NC) is designed by fine atomic regulation mechanism. Both experimental verifications and theoretical calculations disclose that the dual active sites (Fe-N5 and Fe2 O3 ) in this catalyst (Fe2 O3 /Fe-SA@NC) tend to form "FeS" and "LiN/O" bond, synchronically enhancing chemical adsorption and interface conversion ability of polysulfides, respectively. Specially, the Fe-N5 coordination with 3D configuration and sulfiphilic superfine Fe2 O3 nanocrystals exhibit the strong adsorption ability to facilitate the subsequent conversion reaction at dual-sites. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres can promote Li+ /electron transfer and physically suppress polysulfides shuttling. Consequently, Li-S battery with the Fe2 O3 /Fe-SA@NC-modified separator exhibits a high capacity retention of 78% after 800 cycles at 1 C (pure S cathode, S content: 70 wt.%). Furthermore, the pouch cell with this separator shows good performance at 0.1 C for practical application (S loading: 4 mg cm-2 ).

Flexible Membrane Consisting of MoP Ultrafine Nanoparticles Highly Distributed Inside N and P Codoped Carbon Nanofibers as High-Performance Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention as potential electrical energy storage systems due to the special merit of abundant resources and low cost of potassium. However, one critical barrier to achieve practical application of PIBs has been the lack of suitable electrode materials. Here, a novel flexible membrane consisting of N, P codoped carbon nanofibers decorated with MoP ultrafine nanoparticles (MoP@NPCNFs) is fabricated via a simple electrospinning method combined with the later carbonization and phosphorization process. The 3D porous CNF structure in the as-synthesized composite can shorten the transport pathways of K-ions and improve the conductivity of electrons. The ultrafine MoP nanoparticles can guarantee high specific capacity and the N, P co-doping could improve wettability of electrodes to electrolytes. As expected, the free-standing MoP@NPCNF electrode demonstrates a high capacity of 320 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 , a superior rate capability maintaining 220 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 , as well as a capacity retention of more than 90% even after 200 cycles. The excellent rate performance, high reversible capacity, long-term cycling stability, and facile synthesis routine make this hybrid membrane promising anode for potassium-ion batteries.

Phytotoxicity, Translocation, and Biotransformation of NaYF4 Upconversion Nanoparticles in a Soybean Plant.

The increasing uses of rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have obviously caused many concerns about their potential toxicology on live organisms. In addition, the UCNPs can be released into the environment, then transported into edible crop plants, and finally entered into food chain. Here, the soybean is chosen as a model plant to study the subchronic phytotoxicity, translocation, and biotransformation of NaYF4 UCNPs. The incubation with UCNPs at a relative low concentration of 10 µg mL(-1) leads to growth promotion for the roots and stems, while concentration exceeding 50 µg mL(-1) brings concentration-dependent inhibition. Upconversion luminescence imaging and scanning electron microscope characterization show that the UCNPs can be absorbed by roots and parts of the adsorbed UCNPs are then transported through vessels to stems and leaves. The near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra reveal that the adsorbed NaYF4 nanoparticles are relatively stable during a 10 d incubation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum further indicates that a small amount of NaYF4 is dissolved/digested and can transform into Y-phosphate clusters in roots.

Multifunctional Rbx WO3 nanorods for simultaneous combined chemo-photothermal therapy and photoacoustic/CT imaging.

Light-triggered drug delivery based on near-infrared (NIR)-mediated photothermal nanocarriers has received tremendous attention for the construction of cooperative therapeutic systems in nanomedicine. Herein, a new paradigm of light-responsive drug carrier that doubles as a photothermal agent is reported based on the NIR light-absorber, Rb(x) WO3 (rubidium tungsten bronze, Rb-TB) nanorods. With doxorubicin (DOX) payload, the DOX-loaded Rb-TB composite (Rb-TB-DOX) simultaneously provides a burst-like drug release and intense heating effect upon 808-nm NIR light exposure. MTT assays show the photothermally enhanced antitumor activity of Rb-TB-DOX to the MCF-7 cancer cells. Most remarkably, Rb-TB-DOX combined with NIR irradiation also shows dramatically enhanced chemotherapeutic effect to DOX-resistant MCF-7 cells compared with free DOX, demonstrating the enhanced efficacy of combinational chemo-photothermal therapy for potentially overcoming drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Furthermore, in vivo study of combined chemo-photothermal therapy is also conducted and realized on pancreatic (Pance-1) tumor-bearing nude mice. Apart from its promise for cancer therapy, the as-prepared Rb-TB can also be employed as a new dual-modal contrast agent for photoacoustic tomography and (PAT) X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging because of its high NIR optical absorption capability and strong X-ray attenuation ability, respectively. The results presented in the current study suggest promise of the multifunctional Rb(x)WO3 nanorods for applications in cancer theranostics.

Functional Polymers as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interfaces for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anode.

The practical implementation of the lithium metal anode (LMA) has long been pursued due to its extremely high specific capacity and low electrochemical equilibrium potential. However, the unstable interfaces resulting from lithium ultrahigh reactivity have significantly hindered the use of LMA. This instability directly leads to dendrite growth behavior, dead lithium, low Coulombic efficiency, and even safety concerns. Therefore, artificial solid electrolyte interfaces (ASEI) with enhanced physicochemical and electrochemistry properties have been explored to stabilize LMA. Polymer materials, with their flexible structures and multiple functional groups, offer a promising way for structurally designing ASEIs to address the challenges faced by LMA. This Concept demonstrates an overview of polymer ASEIs with different functionalities, such as providing uniform lithium ion and single-ion transportation, inhibiting side reactions, possessing self-healing ability, and improving air stability. Furthermore, challenges and prospects for the future application of polymeric ASEIs in commercial lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are also discussed.

Constructing Orbital Coupling-Modulated Homogeneous Dual-Atom Fe-Fe Sites for Boosting Bidirectional Conversion of Polysulfides.

Homogeneous dual-atom catalysts (HDACs) have garnered significant attention for their potential to overcome the shuttling effect and sluggish reaction kinetics in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, modulating the electron structure of metal atomic orbitals for HDACs to dictate the catalytic activity toward polysulfides has remained meaningful but unexplored so far. Herein, an interfacial cladding strategy is developed to obtain a new type of dual-atom iron matrix with a unique FeN2P1-FeN2P1 coordination structure (Fe2@NCP). The 3d orbital electrons of the Fe centers are redistributed by incorporating phosphorus atoms into the first coordination sphere. The theoretical calculations disclose that the strong coupling between the Fe d orbital and the S p orbital exhibits an enhanced Fe-S bond and improved reactivity toward polysulfides. Moreover, the Fe2@NCP catalyst achieves robust adsorption ability toward Li2Sn (1 ≤ n ≤ 8) and significantly boosts bidirectional sulfur redox reaction kinetics by lowering the Li2S deposition/decomposition energy barriers. Consequently, the assembled Li-S batteries present a high retention ratio of 77.3% after 500 cycles at 1C. Furthermore, the Li-S pouch cell also exhibits good performance at 0.1C (80.2% retention over 100 cycles) for practical application with a sulfur loading of 4.0 mg/cm2. The outcome of this study will facilitate the design of homogeneous dual-atom catalysts for Li-S batteries.

Recycling of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes: Challenges and Progress.

The number of spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries will increase sharply in the next few years, owing to their large market share and development potential. Therefore, recycling of spent LFP batteries is necessary and urgent from both resource utilization and environmental protection standpoints. In this review, the significance of pretreatment for LFP recycling is first underscored, and its technical challenges and recent advancements are presented. Following that, the current recycling methods for spent LFP cathodes are outlined in terms of the respective treating processes, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, the preparation methods of LFP cathode material are reviewed to guide the resynthesis of LFP that uses salts obtained from spent LFP, which are beneficial for closed-loop recycling of LFP batteries. Lastly, we explore the future development direction of spent LFP battery recycling, highlighting the importance of technological innovation to advance the sustainable growth of the LFP battery industry.

Salt-Assisted Recovery of Sodium Metal Anodes for High-Rate Capability Sodium Batteries.

Rechargeable sodium metal batteries are considered to be one of the most promising high energy density and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage systems. However, their practicality is constrained by the high reactivity of sodium metal anodes that readily brings about excessive accumulation of inactive Na species on the surface, either by chemical reactions with oxygen and moisture during electrode handling or through electrochemical processes with electrolytes during battery operation. Herein, this paper reports on an alkali, salt-assisted, assembly-polymerization strategy to recover Na activity and to reinforce the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) of sodium metal anodes. To achieve this, an alkali-reactive coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is applied to convert inactive Na species into Si-O-Na coordination with a self-assembly GPTMS layer that consists of inner O-Si-O networks and outer hydrophobic epoxides. As a result, the electrochemical activity of Na metal anodes can be fully recovered and the robust GPTMS-derived SEI layer ensures high capacity and long-term cycling under an ultrahigh rate of 30 C (93.1 mAh g-1, 94.8% after 3000 cycles). This novel process provides surface engineering clues on designing high power density and cost-effective alkaline metal batteries.

Orderly Arranged Dipoles Regulate Anion-Derived Solid-Electrolyte Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Chemistry.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are considered the most promising high-energy-density electrochemical energy storage devices of the next generation. However, the unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from electrolytes usually leads to high impedance, Li dendrites growth, and poor cyclability. Herein, the ferroelectric BaTiO3 with orderly arranged dipoles (BTOV) is integrated into the polypropylene separator as a functional layer. Detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that surface oxygen vacancies drive the phase transition of BaTiO3 materials and promote the ordered arrangement of dipoles. The strong dipole moments in BTOV can adsorb TFSI- and NO3 - anions selectively and promote their preferential reduction to form a SEI film enriched with inorganic LiF and LiNxOy species, thus facilitating the rapid transfer of Li+ and restraining the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, the Li-Li cell with the BTOV functional layer exhibits enhanced Li plating/stripping cycling with an ultra-long life of over 7000 h at 0.5 mA cm-2/1.0 mAh cm-2. The LiFePO4 || Li (50 µm) full cells display excellent cycling performance exceeding 1760 cycles and superior rate performance. This work provides a new perspective for regulating SEI chemistry by introducing ordered dipoles to control the distribution and reaction of anions.

Red-emitting upconverting nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy in cancer cells under near-infrared excitation.

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential photosensitizer carriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep tissues. In this work, a new and efficient NIR photosensitizing nanoplatform for PDT based on red-emitting UCNPs is designed. The red emission band matches well with the efficient absorption bands of the widely used commercially available photosensitizers (Ps), benefiting the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from UCNPs to the attached photosensitizers and thus efficiently activating them to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Three commonly used photosensitizers, including chlorine e6 (Ce6), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and methylene blue (MB), are loaded onto the alpha-cyclodextrin-modified UCNPs to form Ps@UCNPs complexes that efficiently produce singlet oxygen to kill cancer cells under 980 nm near-infrared excitation. Moreover, two different kinds of drugs are co-loaded onto these nanoparticles: chemotherapy drug doxorubicin and PDT agent Ce6. The combinational therapy based on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chemotherapy and Ce6-triggered PDT exhibits higher therapeutic efficacy relative to the individual means for cancer therapy in vitro.

Difluoroethylene Carbonate as an Electrolyte Additive for Engineering the Electrolyte-Electrode Interphase of Lithium Metal Batteries.

Difluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC) featuring abundant fluorine atoms has been proposed as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to boost the stability of the electrolyte-electrode interphase of lithium metal batteries. Thus, introducing the DFEC additive enables a high capacity retention rate of the Li||NCM811 full cell (up to 75% after 200 cycles) at 4.5 V high voltage.

A separator modified by barium titanate with macroscopic polarization electric field for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

The detrimental "shuttling effect" of lithium polysulfides and the sluggish kinetics of the sulfur redox reaction in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) impede the practical application. Considering the high polar chemistry facilitates the anchoring of polysulfides, ferroelectric materials have gradually been employed as functionalized separators to suppress the "shuttling effect". Herein, a functional separator coated with BaTiO3 with a macroscopic polarization electric field (poled-BaTiO3) is designed for retarding the problematic shuttle effect and accelerating redox kinetics. Theoretical calculations and experiments revealed that resultant positive charged alignments on the poled-BaTiO3 coating can chemically immobilize polysulfides, effectively improving the cyclic stability of LSBs. Moreover, the simultaneous reinforcement of the built-in electric field in the poled-BaTiO3 coating can also improve Li-ion transportation for accelerating redox kinetics. Benefiting from these attributes, the as-developed LSB attains an initial discharge capacity of 1042.6 mA h g-1 and high cyclic stability of over 400 cycles at 1 C rate. The corresponding LSB pouch cell was also assembled to validate the concept. This work is anticipated to provide new insight into the development of high-performing LSBs through engineering ferroelectric-enhanced coatings.

Effects of plant community and altitude on food composition of Cervus elaphus wallichii during the withered grass period on the Tibetan Plateau, China.

How Tibetan red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichii) acclimates to high altitude environment during the withered grass period is one of the challenges in maintaining their nutrient intake. It is an important basis to study the nutritional ecology of wild large ungulates in alpine ecosystems by investigating the changes in plant communities with altitude during the withered grass period and how these changes affect the food composition of Tibetan red deer. In this study, we selected the Tibetan red deer in Sangri County, Shannan region of Tibet as the research subject. We carried out field surveys on the altitude, plant communities, and feeding traces of the Tibetan red deer in March of 2021 and 2022 during the withered grass period on the Tibetan Plateau. Detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis were used to study altitudinal variations in plant communities and the regularity of food composition. The results showed that during the period of withered grass, Tibetan red deer ate primarily Salix daltoniana, Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera and Dasiphora parvifolia. S. daltoniana accounted for more than 50% of the food composition, as the main food resources for red deer in withered grass period. In the low altitude area (4100-4300 m), plant community included Caragana versicolor, R. macrophylla and Berberis temolaica, and Tibetan red deer mainly ate R. macrophylla, C. versicolor and Artemisia wellbyi. In higher altitude area (4300-4600 m), plant community consisted of Rhododendron nivale, Rhododendron fragariiflorum, and Sibiraea angustata, and Tibetan red deer mainly fed on S. daltoniana, Salix obscura, and Carex littledalei. At different altitudes, the dominant plant species were the main food of Tibetan red deer. It is suggested that the changes of plant community composition with altitude directly affected food composition of Tibetan red deer, indicating different food composition patterns with altitude gradients.

Enhanced red emission from GdF3:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanocrystals by Li+ doping and their application for bioimaging.

Under 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation, upconversion luminescent (UCL) emission of GdF(3):Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) synthesized by a simple and green hydrothermal process can be tuned from yellow to red by varying the concentration of dopant Li(+) ions. A possible mechanism for enhanced red upconverted radiation is proposed. A layer of silica was coated onto the surface of GdF(3):Yb,Er,Li UCNPs to improve their biocompatibility. The silica-coated GdF(3):Yb,Er,Li UCNPs show great advantages in cell labeling and in vivo optical imaging. Moreover, GdF(3) UCNPs also exhibited a positive contrast effect in T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results suggest that the GdF(3) UCNPs could act as dual-modality biolabels for optical imaging and MRI.

Constructing a Composite Structure by a Gradient Mg2+ Doping Strategy for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Layered P2-Na0.67Mn0.67Ni0.33O2 has been considered an attractive cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, it is still burdened with hazardous phase transformation of P2-O2 under high voltage and harmful reactions at the interface of the electrode and electrolyte. These result in unfavorable structural degradation and rapid capacity decay. Herein, a gradient Mg2+ doping approach is proposed to trigger a structural transformation. During the annealing process, the bulk-diffused Mg2+ and surface residual Mg2+ induce the formation of the P2/P3@MgO structure. Consequently, this method combines the merits of the composite phases, bulk doping, and surface modification. In consequence, Na+ diffusion kinetics and electrochemical performances are remarkably enhanced. The cells using P2/P3@MgO show 69.7% capacity retention at 0.2 C within a voltage range of 1.5-4.5 V for 100 cycles, compared with the 42.6% for P2-Na0.67Mn0.67Ni0.33O2. This work offers new insights into further developments of advanced layered oxide cathodes for SIBs.

Engineering Fe-N Coordination Structures for Fast Redox Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Critical drawbacks, including sluggish redox kinetics and undesirable shuttling of polysulfides (Li2 Sn , n = 4-8), seriously deteriorate the electrochemical performance of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, these challenges are addressed by constructing an integrated catalyst with dual active sites, where single-atom (SA)-Fe and polar Fe2 N are co-embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene (SA-Fe/Fe2 N@NG). The SA-Fe, with plane-symmetric Fe-4N coordination, and Fe2 N, with triangular pyramidal Fe-3N coordination, in this well-designed configuration exhibit synergistic adsorption of polysulfides and catalytic selectivity for Li2 Sn lithiation and Li2 S delithiation, respectively. These characteristics endow the SA-Fe/Fe2 N@NG-modified separator with an optimal polysulfides confinement-catalysis ability, thus accelerating the bidirectional liquid-solid conversion (Li2 Sn ↔Li2 S) and suppressing the shuttle effect. Consequently, a Li-S battery based on the SA-Fe/Fe2 N@NG separator achieves a high capacity retention of 84.1% over 500 cycles at 1 C (pure S cathode, S content: 70 wt%) and a high areal capacity of 5.02 mAh cm-2 at 0.1 C (SA-Fe/Fe2 N@NG-supported S cathode, S loading = 5 mg cm-2 ). It is expected that the outcomes of the present study will facilitate the design of high-efficiency catalysts for long-lasting Li-S batteries.

Regulating Anion Redox and Cation Migration to Enhance the Structural Stability of Li-Rich Layered Oxides.

Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide cathodes (LLOs) with oxygen redox reactions are considered to be potential candidates for the next generation of high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, the oxygen redox process that enables ultrahigh specific capacity usually leads to irreversible O2 release and cation migration, which induce structure degradation and severe capacity/voltage losses and thus limit the commercial application of LLOs. Herein, we successfully synthesized chlorine (Cl)-doped Co-free LLOs (Li1.2Mn0.53Ni0.27O1.976Cl0.024) and analyzed the effect of anion doping on oxygen redox and structure stability of LLOs. Cl doping has been proven to decrease the irreversible lattice oxygen loss to enhance the redox reversibility of oxygen and inhibit the transition-metal migration during cycles, which substantially enhances the capacity and voltage retention and improves the rate capability during cycling. This work provides new insights for the development of high-performance TM oxide cathode materials with reversible oxygen redox.

Characterization of gold nanorods in vivo by integrated analytical techniques: their uptake, retention, and chemical forms.

Integrated analytical techniques were used to study the tissue distribution and structural information of gold nanorods (Au NRs) in Sprague-Dawley rats through tail intravenous injection. Before in vivo experiments were conducted, careful characterization of Au NRs was performed. The zeta potential proved that adsorption of bovine serum albumin on Au NRs turned the surface charges from positive to negative as in an in vitro simulation. The biodistribution of Au NRs was investigated quantitatively by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at different time points after injection. As target tissues, both liver and spleen were chosen to further demonstrate the intracellular localization of Au NRs by the combination of transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy was employed and it was observed that long-term retention of Au NRs in liver and spleen did not induce obvious changes in the oxidation states of gold. Therefore, the present systematic method can provide important information about the fates of Au NRs in vivo and can also be extended to study the biological effects of other metallic nanomaterials in the future.

[Safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine. METHODS: All 606 subjects were divided into three groups by under 6, 16-60 and above 60 years old. Each age group was divided as study group (n = 213), control group 1 (n = 195) and control group 2 (n= 198) by Table of Random Number, one domestic vaccine and two imported vaccines were respectively inoculated in three group people. The differences of clinical side effect rate, antibody positive rate, protective rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of these three vaccines were compared by using the statistical software with statistical significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: The side effect rate of study group, control group 1 and control group 2 was 3.76% (8/213), 4.10% (8/195), and 3.54% (7/198), respectively without statistical significance(chi2 = 0.87, P =0.93). The positive seroconversion rates of H1N1, H3N2 and B in these three groups were respectively 89.2% (190/213), 63.4% (135/213), 86.4% (184/213), 88.7% (173/195), 61.5% (120/195), 87.2% (170/195), 87.9% (174/198), 61.6% (122/198) and 84.8% (168/198). There were no statistical significance in the total positive seroconversion rate of each antibody type (chi2(H1N1) = 0.94, P(H1N1) = 0.63; chi2(H3N2) = 0.94, P(H3N2) = 0.63; chi2(B) = 0.75, P(B) = 0.69). The average growth multiple of H1N1, H3N2 and B in these three groups were 10.7, 7.3, 8.4, 10.5, 6.3, 8.3, 10.2, 7.1, 8.8 times. There were no statistical significances in the GMT growth multiple of each antibody type (F(H1N1) = 0.35, P(H1N1) = 0.70; F(H3N2) = 2.22, P(H3N2) = 0.11; F(B) = 1.51, P(B) = 0.35). The antibody protective rates of H1N1, H3N2 and B were 100% (213/213), 70.0% (149/213), 95.3% (203/213), 100% (195/195), 66.7% (130/195), 97.9% (191/195), 99.5% (197/198), 66.2% (131/198), 96.5% (191/198) respectively. There was no statistical difference among the three vaccines (chi2(H1N1) = 2.04, P(H1N1) = 0.36; chi2(H3N2) = 0.74, P(H3N2) = 0.69; chi2(B) = 0.42, P(B) = 0.82). CONCLUSION: The domestic influenza split vaccine might be suitable for colony vaccination for its having clinical safety and immunological effect.