[Analysis of associated rules between Chinese medical syndrome typing features of epigastric pain and endoscopic features].

OBJECTIVE: To explore Chinese medical syndrome typing features of epigastric pain and its association with gastroscopic manifestations. METHODS: Using associated rules data mining method, an analysis study was performed in 234 patients with epigastric pain by combining holistic Chinese medical syndrome typing and results of gastroscopic examinations. RESULTS: Pi-Wei deficiency cold syndrome (PWDCS) was associated with pale gastric mucosa, or superficial ulcers accompained with unobvious redness and swelling. Inversed Gan-qi invading Wei syndrome (IGIWS) was associated with bile regurgitation. Damp-heat stagnating in the middle jiao syndrome (DSMJS) was associated with obvious redness and swollen mucosa, or ulcers accompanied with yellow and white fur. Wei-yin exhaustion syndrome (WYES) was associated with coarse mucosa and exposed blood vessels, or rare mucus. Retention of blood stasis in Wei syndrome was associated with bulged swelling and erosion. Indigestion impairing Wei syndrome (IIWS) was associated with retention of water and food, or more mucus attached. The endoscopic manifestations of PWDCS and DSMJS occurred most frequently, while PWDCS and IGIWS ranked the first place in macroscopic Chinese medical syndrome typing. CONCLUSIONS: The manifestations of endoscopic features were closely associated with Chinese medical syndrome typing. The syndrome typing features of epigastric pain could be objectively and further grasped by summarizing syndrome typing laws using modern devices such as gastroscopic examinations, thus improving the accuracy of clinical syndrome typing.

A Comparative Study of Seminars Combined with Case-Based Learning versus Lecture-Based Learning for Cancer Pain Teaching in Medical Oncology Internship.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the teaching method of seminars combined with case-based learning (CBL) is superior to the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) for teaching cancer pain in medical oncology internship. METHODS: Sixty medical and nursing interns in the medical oncology department of our hospital were selected between January 2019 and December 2020. Thirty students received traditional LBL instruction as the control group, and 30 students received combined seminars and CBL instruction as the observation group. The teaching evaluation and assessment was performed by theoretical and practical examinations and questionnaires. RESULTS: In the after-class examination, case analysis, clinical practice and overall scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (all p < 0.001). Theoretical knowledge scores did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.470). In the questionnaire regarding attitudes towards opioid use, the observation group had better perceptions of using opioids than the control group (all p < 0.01). In the meantime, students in the observation group outperformed the control group in four aspects: self-learning (p < 0.001), analytical and problem-solving (p < 0.001), clinical thinking (p = 0.001), and clinical practice (p = 0.002) abilities all improved, while stimulating learning interest (p = 0.184) and enhancing theoretical knowledge mastery (p = 0.221) were not significantly different from those of the control group. Overall, students in the observation group were more satisfied with the teaching, teaching methods and teacher performances than the control group (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared to the LBL, the combination of seminars and CBL is a more effective teaching method for cancer pain management, which is worth further study.

Clinical and molecular characteristics of secondary breast metastases from primary lung cancer: a study of 22 Chinese cases.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical and molecular characteristics, as well as pathologic diagnosis and treatment of lung tumors that spread to the breast in 22 Chinese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database and Wanfang Databases was conducted to identify the related studies published before March 31, 2020. A case of a 64-year-old man who underwent pneumonectomy and who was eventually diagnosed with a breast lump 5 years after surgery at our hospital, was also included in the present study. We analyzed the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics from these case reports. RESULTS: The analysis totally incorporates 21 case reports and our own case, covering 22 subjects. Among all cases we found 11 adenocarcinomas, 7 small-cell carcinomas, and 4 squamous carcinomas. In addition, most of metastatic breast masses were located below or near the nipple, rather than in the outer quadrant. The results of immunohistochemistry mostly showed triple negative breast cancers. CONCLUSION: A lung cancer patient with a breast tumor should suggest the possibility of metastasis. It is extremely difficult to distinguish secondary breast cancer from primary simply through medical observation and pathologic testing. Additional immunohistochemical examinations are necessary to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.