Cancer detection and complications of transperineal prostate biopsy with antibiotics when indicated.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate, including clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), in a large cohort of patients who underwent transperineal ultrasonography-guided systematic prostate biopsy (TPB-US) using a probe-mounted transperineal access system, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cognitive fusion in case of a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System grade 3-5 lesion, under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting. Additionally, to compare the incidence of procedure-related complications with a cohort of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography-guided (TRB-US) and transrectal MRI-guided biopsies (TRB-MRI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in men who underwent TPB-US prostate biopsy in a large teaching hospital. For each participant, prostate-specific antigen level, clinical tumour stage, prostate volume, MRI parameters, number of (targeted) prostate biopsies, biopsy International Society of Uropathology (ISUP) grade and procedure-related complications were assessed. csPCa was defined as ISUP grade ≥2. Antibiotic prophylaxis was only given in those with an increased risk of urinary tract infection. RESULTS: A total of 1288 TPB-US procedures were evaluated. The overall detection rate for PCa in biopsy-naive patients was 73%, and for csPCa it was 63%. The incidence of hospitalization was 1% in TPB-US (13/1288), compared to 4% in TRB-US (8/214) and 3% in TRB-MRI (7/219; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary combined systematic and target TPB-US with MRI cognitive fusion is easy to perform in an outpatient setting, with a high detection rate of csPCa and a low incidence of procedure-related complications.

Development and Internal Validation of a Novel Nomogram Predicting the Outcome of Salvage Radiation Therapy for Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy in Patients without Metastases on Restaging Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Background and objective: Owing to the greater use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), patient selection for local salvage radiation therapy (sRT) has changed. Our objective was to determine the short-term efficacy of sRT in patients with BCR after RARP, and to develop a novel nomogram predicting BCR-free survival after sRT in a nationwide contemporary cohort of patients who underwent PSMA PET/CT before sRT for BCR of PCa, without evidence of metastatic disease. Methods: All 302 eligible patients undergoing PCa sRT in four reference centers between September 2015 and August 2020 were included. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis using a backward elimination procedure to develop a nomogram for predicting biochemical progression of PCa, defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.2 ng/ml above the post-sRT nadir within 1 yr after sRT. Key findings and limitations: Biochemical progression of disease within 1 yr after sRT was observed for 56/302 (19%) of the study patients. The final predictive model included PSA at sRT initiation, pathological grade group, surgical margin status, PSA doubling time, presence of local recurrence on PSMA PET/CT, and the presence of biochemical persistence (first PSA result ≥0.1 ng/ml) after RARP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.64-0.79). Using our nomogram, patients with a predicted risk of >20% had a 30.8% chance of developing biochemical progression within 1 yr after sRT. Conclusions: Our novel nomogram may facilitate better patient counseling regarding early oncological outcome after sRT. Patients with high risk of biochemical progression may be candidates for more extensive treatment. Patient summary: We developed a new tool for predicting cancer control outcomes of radiotherapy for patients with recurrence of prostate cancer after surgical removal of their prostate. This tool may help in better counseling of these patients with recurrent cancer regarding their early expected outcome after radiotherapy.

Higher Preoperative Maximum Standardised Uptake Values (SUVmax) Are Associated with Higher Biochemical Recurrence Rates after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18F]DCFPyL Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the 68Ga- or 18F-radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracer expression, represented by the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of the dominant intraprostatic lesion, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients prior to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). This was a retrospective, multi-centre cohort study of 446 patients who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (n = 238) or [18F]DCFPyL (n = 206) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging prior to RARP. SUVmax was measured in the dominant intraprostatic PCa lesions. [18F]DCFPyL patients were scanned 60 ([18F]DCFPyL-60; n = 106) or 120 ([18F]DCFPyL-120; n = 120) minutes post-injection of a radiotracer and were analysed separately. To normalise the data, SUVmax was log transformed for further analyses. During a median follow-up of 24 months, 141 (30.4%) patients experienced BCR. Log2SUVmax was a significant predictor for BCR (p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis accounting for these preoperative variables: initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA), radiologic tumour stage (mT), the biopsy International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (bISUP) and the prostate imaging and reporting data system (PI-RADS), Log2SUVmax was found to be an independent predictor for BCR in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (HR 1.32, p = 0.04) and [18F]DCFPyL-120 PET/CT scans (HR 1.55, p = 0.04), but not in [18F]DCFPyL-60 ones (HR 0.92, p = 0.72). The PSMA expression of the dominant intraprostatic lesion proved to be an independent predictor for BCR in patients with primary PCa who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL-120 PET/CT scans, but not in those who underwent [18F]DCFPyL-60 PET/CT scans.