[Obese adolescents' perceptions about the repercussions of obesity on their health]. / Percepção do adolescente obeso sobre as repercuss6es da obesidade em sua saúde.

The objective this study was to evaluate the perceptions of obese adolescents about the repercussions of obesity on their health. This study was based on the statements of fifteen obese adolescents, monitored at the Ambulatory Clinic of the 'Hospital das Clínicas' of the Federal University of Pernambuco, using a semi-structured interview, during the period between April and July of 2007. The statements that resulted from the transcriptions of the recordings were submitted to content analysis--transversal thematic modality. Four topics related to the objectives of the study were identified: (1) the perception of the concept of obesity; (2) obesity affecting the self-image of the individual; (3) obesity versus health and (4) the difficulty in returning to health. The adolescents perceived obesity as a sickness that was negatively affecting their health, and which contributed to their low self-esteem and made them feel isolated. They recognized that being healthy means following a balanced diet and participating in physical activity, and that it is imperative to have formal and informal support to overcome the difficulties in order to maintain a satisfactory quality of life.

Exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants and reasons for discontinuation in the first month after hospital discharge. / Aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros e motivos para sua interrupção no primeiro mês pós-alta hospitalar.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding premature infants at hospital discharge, and after 15 and 30 days, and to identify the mothers' claims for discontinuation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 108 premature infants born in two Baby-Friendly Hospitals between April and July 2014. A survey was conducted on medical records and through telephone interviews. A descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was 85.2%, 75% after 15 days, and 46.3% after 30 days. The main claim for the introduction of other foods and/or liquids was insufficient milk. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant reduction in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge, pointing out the importance of continuity of patient care to reduce early weaning, especially with educational actions that help prevent real and perceived deficits in milk supply.

[Eating habits in the first year of life: social representations of young mothers]. / Práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida: representações sociais de mães adolescentes.

This is qualitative research that investigates the social representations of adolescent mothers on child eating habits in the first year of life. Its subjects were 10 adolescent mothers, whose children were aged seven to twelve months. Data were collected through semi-structured interview, besides the use of visual material. The analysis followed the technique of content analysis, relying on the framework of Social Representations Theory. That analysis revealed four themes: the conflict of breastfeeding versus consecration of porridge; establishing complementary feeding of the child; crystallized speech: "yogurt is better than a little steak"; the (un)definition of maternal eating habits: implications for infant feeding. The representations that drive maternal practices in selecting, preparing and offering food follow a particular logic, where adolescents reinterpret technical speeches in terms of their culture.

Nasal septum injury in preterm infants using nasal prongs.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and risk factors associated with nasal septum injury in premature infants using reused and new nasal prongs. METHOD: The study was a cohort from an open therapeutic intervention. The sample included 70 infants with a gestational age inferior to 37 weeks, who used nasal prongs and were hospitalized at the neonatal service of a hospital in Recife-PE, in the Northeast of Brazil. The data were collected in patient files through the assessment of the application of the device and of the nasal septum. Multinomial Logistic Regression and Survival analyses were applied. RESULTS: The incidence of nasal injury corresponded to 62.9%. In the multiple analysis, only the length of the infant's treatment was a determinant factor for the occurrence and severity of the injuries. CONCLUSION: The type of nasal prong does not serve as a risk factor for the nasal injury. The high incidence of nasal injury indicates the need to adapt the nursing care with emphasis on prevention.

Aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros e motivos para sua interrupção no primeiro mês pós-alta hospitalar / La lactancia materna exclusiva de prematuros y motivos para su interrupción en el primer mes después de la alta hospitalaria / Exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants and reasons for discontinuation in the first month after hospital discharge

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo de prematuros na alta hospitalar, aos 15 e 30 dias pós-alta, e identificar as alegações maternas para sua interrupção. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 108 prematuros nascidos em dois Hospitais Amigos da Criança, entre abril-julho de 2014. Realizou-se pesquisa em prontuário e entrevistas por telefone. Usaram-se análise descritiva, qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta foi de 85,2%, de 75% aos 15 dias e 46,3% aos 30 dias. A principal alegação para introdução de outros alimentos e/ou líquidos foi o leite insuficiente. Conclusões: Houve redução significativa nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo após a alta, apontando a importância do acompanhamento pós-alta para reduzir o desmame precoce, sobretudo com ações educativas que previnam as insuficiências reais e percebidas na oferta de leite.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva de prematuros en el alta hospitalario, a los 15 y 30 días luego del alta, e identificar las alegaciones maternas para su interrupción. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal con 108 prematuros nacidos en dos Hospitales Amigos del Niño, entre abril y julio de 2014. Se realizó una investigación en historiales y entrevistas por teléfono. Se utilizaron el análisis descriptivo, el chi-cuadrado de Pearson y el examen exacto de Fisher, con intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados: La prevalencia de la lactancia materna exclusiva luego del alta fue de 85,2%, de 75% a los 15 días y de 46,3% a los 30 días. La principal alegación para la introducción de otros alimentos y/o líquidos fue la insuficiente leche. Conclusiones: Hubo una reducción significativa en las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva después del alta, lo que señala la importancia del seguimiento post-alta para reducir el destete precoz, sobre todo con acciones educativas que ayuden a prevenir las insuficiencias reales y percibidas en la oferta de leche.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding premature infants at hospital discharge, and after 15 and 30 days, and to identify the mothers' claims for discontinuation. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 108 premature infants born in two Baby-Friendly Hospitals between April and July 2014. A survey was conducted on medical records and through telephone interviews. A descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was 85.2%, 75% after 15 days, and 46.3% after 30 days. The main claim for the introduction of other foods and/or liquids was insufficient milk. Conclusions: There was a significant reduction in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge, pointing out the importance of continuity of patient care to reduce early weaning, especially with educational actions that help prevent real and perceived deficits in milk supply.

Maternal factors regulating preterm infants' responses to pain and stress while in maternal kangaroo care.

The relationship between maternal factors and the response of preterm infants to pain and stress experienced during heel puncture while in maternal kangaroo care was investigated. This descriptive study included 42 mothers and their preterm infants cared for in a neonatal unit. Data were collected in the baseline, procedure, and recovery phases. We measured the neonates' facial actions, sleep and wake states, crying, salivary cortisol levels, and heart rate, in addition to the mothers' behavior, salivary cortisol levels, and mental condition. The influence of the maternal explanatory variables on the neonatal response variables were verified through bivariate analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The mothers' behavior and depression and/or anxiety did not affect the neonates' responses to pain and stress, though the mothers' levels of salivary cortisol before the procedure explained the variance in the neonates' levels of salivary cortisol after the procedure (p=0.036). Additionally, the mothers' baseline levels of salivary cortisol along with the neonates' age explained the variance in the neonates' heart rate (p=0.001). The ability of mothers to regulate their own stress contributed to the infants' responses to pain and stress.