RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although new digital pathology tools have improved the positive cell quantification, there is a heterogeneity of the quantification methods in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and propose a novel dendritic cells quantification method in squamous cell carcinoma comparing it with a conventional quantification method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six squamous cell carcinomas HIV-positive cases affecting the oropharynx, lips and oral cavity were selected. Immunohistochemistry for CD1a, CD83, and CD207 was performed. The immunohistochemical stains were evaluated by automated examination using a positive pixel count algorithm. A conventional quantification method (unspecific area method; UA) and a novel method (specific area method; SA) were performed obtaining the corresponding density of positive dendritic cells for the intratumoral and peritumoral regions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to verify the influence of the quantification methods on the positive cell counting according to the evaluated regions. Data were subjected to the ANOVA and Student's t-test to verify the influence of the tumour location, stage, histological grade, and amount of inflammation on the dendritic cells density counting. RESULTS: The cell quantification method affected the dendritic cells counting independently of the evaluated region (P-value <0.05). Significant differences between methods were also observed according to the tumour features evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The positive cell quantification method influences the dendritic cells density results. Unlike the conventional method (UA method), the novel SA method avoids non-target areas included in the hotspots improving the reliability and reproducibility of the density cell quantification.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Infecciones por VIH , Células Dendríticas , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) is a clinically and molecularly distinct form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which has recently shown a dramatc increase in global incidence. The aetiology, clinical presentation and overall prognosis differ from conventional tobacco and alcohol related SCC of the oral cavity. OPC is seen in a subset of younger predominantly male patients. Acquisition of high-risk HPV subtypes is related to oral sex practices with multiple partners. OPC originates deep within tonsillar crypts which hinders early clinical detection. Patients present with advanced disease and frequent cervical lymph node metastases. Despite its aggressive nature, the overall prognosis remains excellent compared wth conventional oral SCC. The increased incidence of OPC is of clinical significance to the general dentist and should always be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis in a young, otherwise healthy, patient with persistent cervical lymph node enlargement. Older patients with a history of tobacco usage and alcohol consumption may also present with conventional SCC of the oropharynx. Potentially malignant disease may precede tumour development at this site in such cases. Clinical examination of the oropharynx should therefore be performed as part of routine dental consultation.
Asunto(s)
Alphapapillomavirus/fisiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , ADN Viral/análisis , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Humanos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Patients with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk for the development of malignancy. Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cervical carcinoma in women are regarded as AIDS-defining malignancies. The spectrum of malignancy is, however, changing, particularly where patients receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). South Africa has the highest number of HIV-infected individuals globally. The possibility of the oral health care worker encountering HIV/AIDS-related pathology therefore seems inevitable. The aim of this article is to heighten the awareness of head and neck malignancies occurring in HIV/AIDS whilst highlighting some of the clinical features in order to facilitate early recognition and diagnosis. It is of clinical significance that in many instances, identification of these malignancies precedes HIV/AIDS diagnosis. Optimal patient management requires close co-operation between the oral health care practitioner and the extended health care team.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Humanos , Linfoma Relacionado con SIDA/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The National Cancer Registry (NCR) of South Africa publishes the pathology-based cancer incidence in the country and is the main cancer data source. The data published by the NCR have been used extensively in the development of the draft national guidelines for cancer prevention and control as well as for cancer research. The list of contributing pathology laboratories is fairly inclusive. Data from the NCR and the University of Limpopo, Department of Oral Pathology for the five years 1997-2001 were combined and then filtered for sites in the oral and oropharyngeal region. Age-Standardised Incidence Rates (ASIR) and the Cumulative Lifetime Risk (LR) for males and females in the different population groups were determined. Comprehensive reporting of oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence will influence the allocation of government resources for prevention and treatment of oral cancers.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Pueblo Asiatico/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Negra/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Tumors of the jaw bones and oral soft tissue are relatively common lesions in dogs. The aim of this study was to find cell markers to differentiate odontogenic epithelium from nonodontogenic epithelium for future research on the pathogenesis and pathology of odontogenic neoplasms in dogs. Keratin 14 and 19 staining was observed in odontogenic and nonodontogenic epithelium, whereas amelogenin and p75 neurotrophin receptor immunoreactivity was observed in certain odontogenic epithelial cells at various stages of development but not in other epithelial cells. Calretinin staining was observed in the alveolar epithelial cells directly overlying the developing tooth germ in 28 of 39 sections (71.8%), as well as the dental laminae in 30 of 35 sections (85.7%) and Serres rests in 24 of 28 sections (85.7%). Focal positivity was detected in the respiratory mucosa, some hair follicles, and fusion epithelium of the palate, but no calretinin staining was observed in other oral epithelial cells; therefore, calretinin has potential to be utilized as a marker to differentiate odontogenic form nonodontogenic epithelium.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Perros/embriología , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Odontogénesis/fisiología , Diente/embriología , Amelogenina/metabolismo , Animales , Calbindina 2 , Perros/metabolismo , Queratina-19/metabolismo , Queratinas/metabolismo , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/metabolismoRESUMEN
Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is a mucocutaneous disorder which is characterised by persistent oral mucosal ulceration. The clinical appearance is often reminiscent of oral lichen planus (OLP) leading to erroneous diagnoses. The immune mediated inhibition of the CUS protein (CUSP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of CUS. CUSP acts as an anti-apoptotic protein and when its action is prevented it may result in significant epithelial injury. The objective or this article is to present the first documented case of CUS in South Africa, with relevant reference to current international literature. CUS should be considered in patients previously diagnosed with OLP but who are unresponsive to glucocorticosteroid therapy. The condition can be successfully managed using hydroxychloroquine.
Asunto(s)
Gingivitis Ulcerosa Necrotizante/patología , Adulto , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Crónica , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Gingivitis Ulcerosa Necrotizante/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Liquen Plano Oral/diagnóstico , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Úlcera Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , SudáfricaRESUMEN
Sublingual dermoid cysts and oral heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts are well-documented causes of sublingual swellings in infants. However, the simultaneous occurrence of both cysts is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only two previous cases reported in literature. We present a case of 1-month-old neonate with a cystic ventral tongue mass that on histologic examination showed a dermoid cyst with co-existing heterotopic gastric-type epithelium in the wall. Additional histochemical stains revealed focal areas of colonic metaplasia within the heterotopic gastric epithelium. CDX2 immunohistochemical staining confirmed derivation from colonic epithelium.
Asunto(s)
Coristoma , Quiste Dermoide/congénito , Quiste Dermoide/patología , Mucosa Gástrica , Neoplasias de la Boca/congénito , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Quiste Dermoide/complicaciones , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Laringomalacia/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Boca/complicacionesAsunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Enfermedades en Gemelos , Neoplasias Faciales/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Xerodermia Pigmentosa/genética , Queilitis/genética , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Neoplasias de los Labios/genética , Masculino , Úlceras Bucales/genética , Neoplasias de la Lengua/genéticaRESUMEN
Conidiobolus coronatus is recognized as a human pathogen causing subcutaneous fungal infection of the face in immunocompetent patients. The disease process is usually benign. We report, what we believe to be the first case of intracranial extension of C. coronatus producing rhino-orbitocerebral syndrome, and subsequent dissemination of C. coronatus in an immunocompetent patient.
Asunto(s)
Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Conidiobolus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Nasales/microbiología , Enfermedades Orbitales/microbiología , Cigomicosis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The grading of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) is based on subjective microscopic evaluation of the prevalence of cell types as well as features of atypia and aggressiveness. Our study was aimed at evaluating the role of high-resolution DNA flow cytometry and Ki-67 expression in the grading of MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five cases of intraoral and major salivary gland tumours, diagnosed as MEC, were retrieved and the grading system proposed by Brandwein et al. applied. RESULTS: Forty-nine per cent of our sample was graded as high, 35% as intermediate and 16% as low. Eighty-nine per cent of the high-grade MEC showed aneuploid DNA cell populations, while 88% of the diploid tumours were graded as intermediate or low. The mean Ki-67 positivity was significantly different between the high and intermediate grade tumours and between the aneuploid and diploid tumours. CONCLUSION: This study showed that high-resolution DNA flow cytometry of archival paraffin-embedded tissue is accurate in the grading of MEC and can be used with Ki-67 expression as an additional diagnostic tool.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/genética , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patología , Antígeno Ki-67/biosíntesis , Ploidias , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/metabolismo , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Glándulas Salivales Menores/patologíaRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Surgical endodontic therapy is a conservative dental technique used in horses with some degree of clinical success. Failure of this procedure can partially be explained by inadequate sealing of the root apices with resultant microleakage in the periapical area. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare in vitro sealing ability of 3 different dental restorative materials used as apical sealants during equine surgical endodontics. METHODS: Thirty extracted equine cheek teeth were divided randomly into 3 groups and subjected to apicoectomy and apical sealing using 3 materials: reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement; intermediate restorative material (IRM); a resin-modified glass ionomer; and amalgam. After apical sealing, the teeth were submerged in a solution of Procion Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain for a period of 7 days. The teeth were then washed, embedded in resin, sectioned and assessed microscopically for dye leakage around the apical restorations. RESULTS: Although the materials proved effective as apical sealants, some dye leakage was encountered in all 3 groups with no statistical difference (P = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: IRM, a resin-modified glass ionomer and amalgam all showed comparative features as apical sealants when used in vitro in equine teeth. IRM is currently regarded as the superior material in clinical situations due to its ease of handling and lesser sensitivity to environmental moisture during placement compared to the other 2 materials.
Asunto(s)
Apicectomía/veterinaria , Filtración Dental/veterinaria , Odontología/veterinaria , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/química , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles , Resinas Compuestas , Amalgama Dental/efectos adversos , Amalgama Dental/farmacología , Filtración Dental/diagnóstico , Odontología/métodos , Endodoncia , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/efectos adversos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Caballos , Técnicas In Vitro , Metilmetacrilatos/efectos adversos , Metilmetacrilatos/farmacología , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/efectos adversos , Distribución Aleatoria , Cementos de Resina/efectos adversos , Cementos de Resina/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Triazinas , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/efectos adversos , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This paper describes the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and management of primary intraoral leiomyosarcomas in the oral cavity of four dogs; they involved the gingivae of the rostral maxilla and mandible, the mucosa of the upper lip and the soft palate. Their features are compared with the those of leiomyosarcomas commonly encountered in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. Two of the dogs responded well to surgical treatment; one died after its airways were obstructed by a large palatal tumour; and the fourth was lost to follow-up after its owners declined treatment.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Leiomiosarcoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Boca/veterinaria , Animales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Leiomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oncogenic HPV-types are the most important risk factor in cervical SSC and have also been implicated in the aetiology of OSSC. This evidence of infection at different anatomical sites suggests systemic susceptibility that implies that different expressions of disease should more or less correlate over long periods of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was undertaken to establish whether any correlation could be found between the incidence of cervical SCC and OSCC in females and OSSC in males in South Africa, over a ten-year period, 1986 to 1995. RESULTS: Several moderate to strong correlations, which ranged from significant (p < 0.05) to highly significant (p < 0.01), between the incidence of cervical SSC and OSSC in the Black and Coloured populations, and OSSC in the White male population, were found. CONCLUSION: These results support the idea of systemic susceptibility, and infection through a common agent such as HPV, contributing to the cause of SSC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Factores de Edad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in various diseases, among others, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study we investigated the frequency and subtype distribution of EBV in 39 NPCs. The presence of EBV was detected by using a nested PCR to amplify the Bam Hl W-fragment of the genome. Two regions were targeted for subtype analysis, namely the EBNA-2A and EBER regions. PCR was used to amplify these regions, and the EBER region was sequenced to detect subtype specificity. The results showed that EBV could be detected in 82% (31/38) of the tumours. In 15 of these, EBNA subtypes could be identified of which 14 were subtype A and one tumour had both subtypes A and B present. The EBER region was amplified in 21 samples. The majority of cases (18/21) demonstrated a mutation profile which consisted of 5 type B and one type A mutations. The consensus type is therefore type B. IN CONCLUSION: a strong association was found between EBV and NPCs in our group of patients and their "consensus" genotype was A/B based on the two genome areas investigated.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/virología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma/epidemiología , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/epidemiología , Antígenos Nucleares del Virus de Epstein-Barr/genética , Femenino , Amplificación de Genes , Genes Virales , Genotipo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/clasificación , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/epidemiología , Recombinación Genética , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genética , VirulenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is on the increase in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of OSCCs from a Black South African population sample of peri-urban and rural origin were selected as follows: Group 1 - 57 OSCCs with a mean age of 59 years; Group 2 - 43 OSCCs all cases younger than 40 years; Group 3 - 46 OSCCs with blocks containing only tumour tissue without any normal epithelium and Group 4, a control group of 38 non-neoplastic epithelial lesions. Type specific primers were used in a standard PCR to amplify a segment of the E6 region of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18. RESULTS: HPV 11 and 16 DNA were found in one sample each from groups 1 and 2 respectively. CONCLUSION: HPV is not an etiologic factor in the development of OSCC in the population studied.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Secuencia de Bases , Población Negra , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , SudáfricaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among the Black community in South Africa is unacceptably high. The association between p53 protein, and PCNA overexpression and the presence of p53 gene mutations was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ten formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of OSCC were selected for immunohistochemical studies for p53 protein and PCNA expression using the DO-7 and PC10 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. DNA was extracted from fifty-five blocks and exons 5 to 9 of the p53 gene were amplified with nested primers, thereafter sequencing was performed to confirm the presence of mutations detected by single stranded conformational polymorphism. RESULTS: Fifty-six cases (51%) showed p53 expression, while fourteen mutations (25%) were detected. A significant difference was found between the PCNA index in p53 positive and p53 negative tumors while the mean PCNA index for the tumors with p53 mutations was not significantly different from the tumors without mutations. CONCLUSIONS: No association between p53 protein overexpression and p53 gene mutations could be demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Genes p53 , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Población Negra/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Mutación Puntual , Eliminación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that the Fhit tumour suppressor protein is abundantly expressed in normal epithelial cells of human organs and that this expression is lost or reduced in the majority of cancers arising in these epithelial tissues. A variety of antiFhit sera have been used but a systematic comparison of the different antisera has not yet been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the Fhit expression pattern in the epithelium of fibrous epuli, oral lichen planus, oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) using three different Fhit antisera. RESULTS: The antigstFhit sera from two sources gave very similar results for all types of oral lesions except for lichen planus and showed that about 60% of OSCCs have lost Fhit expression. CONCLUSION: Although different staining patterns were found for the three antisera, all three could be used for evaluation of Fhit expression in OSCC.