[Nurse resolution of self-limiting mild processes in health care. Descriptive study]. / Resolución enfermera de los procesos leves autolimitados en atención primaria: estudio descriptivo.

BACKGROUND: To describe the capacity of the primary health care's nurse in the resolution of the self-limiting mild processes after the implementation of the healthcare demand's process in Basque Country. SETTING: 25 primary health care centers of the OSI Bilbao-Basurto. TYPE OF STUDY: An observational, descriptive, transversal study. Using as a guide protocols previously agreed and within hers scope of competence, the nurse values and resolves five self-limiting mild processes: upper airway infection, sore throat, fever, nausea and/or vomiting and diarrhea. Furthermore, the nurse can refer patients to other specialist in the cases concomitant disease is detected or their state of heath is aggravated. PARTICIPANTS: 6985 patient's records, who consulted 1 of 5 self-limiting mild processes from 1st November 2019 to 29th February 2020, were analyzed. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The main variable was the nurse's resolution. The three possible resolutions ways were health education, health education, medical administrative consultation and health education, and medical consultation. RESULTS: The nurse solved the 47% of the self-limiting mild processes. According to the type of process, differences in the resolution were appreciated, solving as far as 57% of the processes of consultations for diarrhea. 10.5% (CI 95%; 9.8-11.2%) of the assisted people were followed-up for reasons related to the self-limiting mild processes of the origin. The follow-up consultations were not related to the way the process was resolved. CONCLUSIONS: The nurse solves nearly half of the processes that values in spite of not having some of the tools such as, the competence of indicate and dispense medications.

[Differences and similarities between the competencies of a nursing supervisor and an advanced clinical nurse specialist]. / Diferencias y similitudes entre las competencias de una supervisora de enfermería y una enfermera clínica especialista.

INTRODUCTION: With the aim of contributing to the development of a more specific professional regulation, the present study was to identify differences and similarities between the competencies of the nursing supervisor and clinical nurse specialist in an intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A critical analysis of the literature published between 2003 and 2013 was conducted, identified through systematic searches in electronic databases, health management and practitioner journals and reference lists of the 17 items included. RESULTS: «Management and administration¼ and «direct clinical practice¼ were identified as specific competencies of nursing supervisor and clinical nurse specialist respectively. «Collaboration¼, «leadership¼ and «research¼ emerged as competencies shared by both profiles, but with different a operationalization way of conducting it. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that regulation, education and implementation of these profiles must address their specific skills as the distinctive approach taken in operationalizing shared.

[Open door intensive care unit: perspective of the professionals]. / Unidad de cuidados intensivos de puertas abiertas: perspectiva de los profesionales.

INTRODUCTION: Restrictive visiting hours continue to predominate at most intensive care units (ICU). Maintaining the current visiting policy or switching to an open visiting hours policy continues to be a controversial study for the staff. OBJECTIVES: To know the staff perspective on the effects of open visiting hours on patients, family and professional activity. To gather proposals in order to modify the current visiting policy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A 30-item 'Likert-type scale' data was administered to ICU doctors, nurses and health care assistants of Alava University Hospital. Data was collected within an Excel database and analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for descriptive statistics purposes and the Chi Square test was used for the bivariate analysis related to age, professional category and years of experience. RESULTS: The staff (n=64) considered that open visiting hours could have a beneficial effect on patients (67%) and relatives (61%). However, 62% considered that open visiting hours would be of little benefit for the staff themselves. Neither the experience of the respondent nor their professional category seem to have any statistical effect on the perception of the benefit of open visiting hours. However, the younger staff members consider open visiting hours would be more beneficial for the patient (p=.024). A total of 50% of surveyed staff would maintain the current visiting hours and would extend them if required by the patient's condition. CONCLUSIONS: Staff members continue to consider the current, restricted visiting policy to be the most appropriate option for the unit. However, they accept the possibility of extending visiting hours for particular cases if beneficial for the patient.

[Competencies and professional profile of the advanced practice nurse]. / Competencias y perfil profesional de la enfermera de práctica avanzada.

INTRODUCTION: The advanced practice nurse can foster the development of innovative approaches in the design of patient, families and community care. This study has aimed to explain the importance of the advanced practice nurse, especially that of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS), within the care setting and to go deeper into the knowledge of this nursing profile. DESIGN: A review of the literature. METHOD: The following databases were used: CINAHL, PubMed and Medline. Search terms were 'clinical nurse specialist,' 'implementation,' and 'advanced practice nursing.' RESULTS: The sample included 24 publications. A synthesis of the findings generated a summary of the competencies of CNS and their definitions, with some examples in their daily practice and the outcome on its 3 spheres of influences: patients and families, staff and organization. CONCLUSION: CNS emerges in the health systems in order to improve the outcomes in the patients, staff and the organization per se because of its competence as an agent of change and transformational leader RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: National policies and national strategies are needed to implement CNS on the Master's level in the Spanish National Health System given the evidence-based improvement in the care standards.

The advancement of critical care nursing as a response to the current demands.

The current demand on health services requires that nurses play a key role, by adapting their competencies to different fields and complexity levels. The approach of situations presented by critically ill patients underpins the need for development of specialised competencies in specific areas such as patient safety, prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections, performance of specific techniques and interventions, autonomous medication management or the use of technology, among others. Spain relies on a specialist training programme that is unique worldwide. Training admission is managed through a contract as a "Resident Nurse Intern" (EIR, Enfermera Interna Residente), provided by regional healthcare services. Only 6 specialities have been established and developed, in an uneven manner and with a short provision of places, annually. Given that the specialization in critical care nursing does not exist, nurses usually self-fund their postgraduate training to enhance their opportunities career development. The development of a speciality for critical care nursing is a priority. The models proposed advocate for creating nursing roles that could cover the systemic gaps through the expansion of their competencies and the introduction of procedures that fit nursing into advanced practice, which could be achieved through Advanced Accreditation Diplomas. Simultaneously, it would be convenient to analyse how and why such a dynamic discipline in some countries became stuck in anachronistic models of the Spanish healthcare system. This analysis might contribute to move forward on the development of areas of improvement in terms of service access and quality of care.

Professional competencies of oncology nurses: Recognizing advanced practice in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the competency profile of advanced practice nurses involved in the care process of cancer patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study included all nurses involved in the cancer patient care process in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona. Competence profile data were collected using the instrument for defining the role of the advanced practice nurse (APRD), as well as sociodemographic and occupational variables. Sociodemographic and occupational data were compared against the performance of advanced practice activities. RESULTS: A total of 29 (82.9%) nurses participated with a mean age of 42.6±12.54 years. 9 (31%) nurses were identified as meeting the standard in all 6 domains on the APRD scale to be considered advanced practice nurses. Of these 9 (31%) nurses, 7 (24.1%) met the training standards required by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) with an official master's degree and 2 (6.9%) with a PhD. CONCLUSIONS: There are nurses who carry out their activity in the oncology field of the hospital analyzed with the EPA profile. The identification of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in our health system is essential to be able to recognize the competencies of these professionals and create specific positions that help to address chronicity, patients' quality of life, their survival, and the optimization of health resources. Our study highlights the importance of chronicity and cancer as areas for the development of the APNs.

Competences of specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses. / Competencias en enfermeras Especialistas y en Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the distribution of advanced competences in specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses and to evaluate their association with some characteristics of their professional profile. METHOD: Multicentre analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses who worked as advanced practice nurses and specialist nurses were included. Their level of perceived advanced competences was measured, as well as sociodemographic and professional characterization variables. RESULTS: A total of 277 nurses participated (149 practised as advanced practice nurses and 128 as specialists), with an average of 13.88 (11.05) years as a specialist and 10.48 (5.32) years as an advanced practice nurse. In the sample, 28.8% had a master's or doctorate level qualification, 50.2% worked in Primary Care, 24.9% in hospitals and 22.7% in Mental Health. The self-perceived global level was high in the different competences, the lowest dimensions being research, evidence-based practice, quality and safety management and leadership and consulting. The advanced practice nurses obtained a higher level of competence globally and in the dimensions of leadership and consulting, interprofessional relations, care management, and health promotion. There were no differences based on experience or possession of a master's degree or doctorate. In the advanced practice nurses, the practice context did not influence competence levels, although in the specialist nurses it did, in favour of those practicing in Mental Health. CONCLUSIONS: Specialist and advanced practice nurses have different competences that should be adequately managed for the development of advanced and specialist nursing services.

Advanced practice in case management: An essential element in the new complex chronicity care model. / Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada y gestión de casos: elementos imprescindibles en el nuevo modelo de atención a la cronicidad compleja en España.

The increased prevalence of complex chronic diseases in all stages of life, the progressive aging of the population, the prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and loss of autonomy, have given rise to new needs in society. The current model of care is failing to meet these needs in an effective or sustainable way. People with complex chronic diseases are vulnerable, they deteriorate as diseases progress, and they require individualized and coordinated professional care that takes into account the progression of the disease, transitions and people's preferences. It is essential to determine a new care paradigm as a framework for the projects and actions that should be promoted to reach transversal, sustainable and quality care directed at people with complex and advanced chronic diseases in all stages of life. Different studies show that case management is an added value in terms of quality, safety and cost-effectiveness. However, its implementation in Spain is uneven and heterogeneous, and no regulations have yet been developed to give stability to this new nurse figure. The Ministry and the Autonomous Communities now have the responsibility to create regulations and institutionalize the figure of case management nurses/advanced practice nurses, with a clear definition of their professional competences and functions, as has been done in other countries.

Are planets lined up for nurses to cross the mirror? / ¿Están alineados los planetas para que las enfermeras crucen el espejo?

Since the publication in 2010 of the document 'Nursing in front of the mirror: myths and realities', the nursing profession has worked hard to study and recognise its myths and realities. Now is the time to ask whether the profession is yet in a position to stop standing in front the looking glass and, like Alice, cross through.

Advanced practice nurses and evidence-based practice. An opportunity for change. / Enfermeras de práctica avanzada y práctica basada en evidencias. Una oportunidad para el cambio.

In a context of aging of the population, increased prevalence of chronic diseases and increasing complexity, it is necessary to define new professional roles that can meet the health needs of the population. Added to this is the certainty that variability in clinical practice, as well as in health management, makes it necessary to use best evidence as the basis for decision-making. But the application of clinical practice based on evidence in a specific context implies a broad mastery of the available evidence, its applicability and limitations, as well as a deep understanding of the particular characteristics of the area where it is to be applied, from the "macro" (health policies, framework regulations, strategic lines, social values, etc.) to the "micro" level (local culture, user preferences, etc.). The "Health Service of the Balearic Islands", in collaboration with the Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy from the University of the Balearic Islands, proposes the development of new advanced practice nursing roles that focus their efforts on the planned implementation of evidence in clinical settings. Advanced practice nurses have managed naturally, thanks to their competence development, to exercise the role of promoting organizational and attitudinal changes that facilitate the implementation of evidence in organizations and complex environments.

Characteristics of the provision of case management services in the community setting in Andalusia based on the RANGECOM registry. / Características de la provisión del servicio de gestión de casos en el entorno comunitario en Andalucía a partir del registro RANGECOM.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of case management in terms of population served, interventions, use of services and outcomes such as mortality, readmissions, pressure ulcers, falls, drug problems and institutionalization. METHOD: Follow-up study of a cohort, from the RANGECOM Multicentric Registry of Andalusia. The study population were patients included in the case management services of Health Centres and their family caregivers. RESULTS: Data from 835 patients with a mean age of 76.8years (SD:12.1), 50.24% women, are presented. They had an important comorbidity (Charlson 3.1, SD:2.5) and high dependence (Barthel 37.5, SD:31.4). Sixty-two point two percent of the interventions deployed by the case managers were grouped into three domains: behavioural (26.0%), health system (20.2%) and safety (14.1%). Mortality was 34.4% and hospital admissions 38.1%. Patients with more hospital readmissions had more visits to the Emergency Department (OR:1.41; 95%CI: 1.22-1.63), more telephone interventions by case managers (OR:1.12; 95%CI: 1.02-1.24) and imaging tests (OR:1.37; 95%CI: 1.17-1.60), together with greater caregiver burden (OR:1.31; 95%CI: 1.08-1.59), the presence of medical devices at home (OR:1.69; 95%CI: 1.00-2.87) and received less "Case Management" intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The patients who absorb the demand of case management nurses present high complexity, for which they deploy behavioural interventions, navigation through the health system and clinical safety.

Enfermería como la columna vertebral de los sistemas de atención sanitaria / Nursing as the backbone of health care systems

RESUMEN Enfermería corresponde al grupo ocupacional más numeroso del sector de la salud, representando aproximadamente el 59 % de las profesiones sanitarias, lo que proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud mundial; sin embargo, el panorama para enfermería no está exento de dificultades, pues corresponde a un estamento que no desarrolla su quehacer en ambientes óptimos, muchas veces tiene que desarrollarse con escaso apoyo de los gobiernos y no tiene el reconocimiento que se merece. Esta reflexión responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de enfermería en los sistemas de salud, y a su vez, exponer los principales desafíos pendientes para el fortalecimiento de la salud pública. Se han descrito copiosos beneficios asociados a la atención de enfermería, contribuyendo al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, en los que enfermería desempeña un rol protagónico en el proceso; sin embargo, las políticas de los países deben desarrollar estrategias para promover su desarrollo, como lo es la enfermería de práctica avanzada; por otro lado, las enfermeras líderes deben concentrar los esfuerzos en estimular a los gobiernos y autoridades a trabajar de manera mancomunada en las mejoras de las condiciones laborales de enfermería. Los autores de nuestro tiempo destacan la necesidad de un trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario para el logro de las necesidades de la población.

ABSTRACT Nursing is the largest occupational group in the health sector, representing approximately 59 % of the health professions, which provides great benefits for global health, however, the outlook for nursing is not without difficulties, as it is a profession that does not develop its work in optimal environments, often must develop with little support from governments and does not have the recognition it deserves. The present reflection responds to the objective of highlighting the importance of nursing in health systems, and at the same time, to expose the main pending challenges for the strengthening of public health. Copious benefits associated with nursing care have been described, contributing to the achievement of the sustainable development objectives, where nursing plays a leading role in the process, however, the policies of the countries should develop strategies to promote its development, such as advanced practice nursing, on the other hand, nurse leaders should concentrate their efforts to encourage governments and authorities to work together to improve the working conditions of nurses; the present authors highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaborative work to achieve the needs of the population.

Analysis instruments for the performance of Advanced Practice Nursing. / Instrumentos de análisis para el desempeño de la enfermera de práctica avanzada.

Advanced Practice Nursing has been a reality in the international context for several decades and recently new nursing profiles have been developed in Spain as well that follow this model. The consolidation of these advanced practice roles has also led to of the creation of tools that attempt to define and evaluate their functions. This study aims to identify and explore the existing instruments that enable the domains of Advanced Practice Nursing to be defined. A review of existing international questionnaires and instruments was undertaken, including an analysis of the design process, the domains/dimensions defined, the main results and an exploration of clinimetric properties. Seven studies were analysed but not all proved to be valid, stable or reliable tools. One included tool was able to differentiate between the functions of the general nurse and the advanced practice nurse by the level of activities undertaken within the five domains described. These tools are necessary to evaluate the scope of advanced practice in new nursing roles that correspond to other international models of competencies and practice domains.

Enfermagem de práticas avançadas no atendimento pré-hospitalar: desafios e estratégias de implementação / Advanced practice nursing in pre-hospital care: challenges and implementation strategies / Enfermería de práctica avanzada en la atención prehospitalaria: desafíos y estrategias de implementación

Objetivo: Mapear e analisar os potenciais desafios e estratégias na implementação da Enfermagem de Práticas Avançadas, no modelo de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel brasileiro, a partir da experiência de outros países. Métodos: Revisão narrativa, a partir da análise da literatura sobre o tema, realizada em duas etapas: Revisão de documentos de entidades internacionais e busca de artigos nas bases nas bases Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo e no Google Scholar. Ao final, foi realizada a análise de cada desafio elencado e suas respectivas estratégias, quando aplicados ao modelo pré-hospitalar móvel brasileiro. Resultados: Os principais desafios analisados foram: compreensão do papel dos enfermeiros de práticas avançadas; a definição do escopo de práticas e das políticas de formação e qualificação; a regulamentação da atuação; a redução da resistência médica; os custos de implementação e a definição de mecanismos de remuneração. As estratégias de enfrentamento incluem: a sensibilização do público, definição do conjunto de prerrogativas e dos mecanismos de credenciamento e formação, associados a constituição de currículos potentes. Conclusão: Foram mapeados e analisados desafios e estratégias, que permitiram antecipar o cenário de aplicação da proposta da Enfermagem de Práticas Avançadas no modelo pré-hospitalar brasileiro, viabilizando proposição de ações fundamentais para a implementação e o sucesso da estratégia no país. (AU)

Objective: To map and analyze the potential challenges and strategies in the implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in the Brazilian mobile pre-hospital care model, based on the experience of other countries. Methods: Narrative review, based on the literature on the subject, carried out in two stages: Review of documents from international organizations and search for articles in the databases Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar. At the end, the analysis of each challenge listed and their respective strategies was carried out, when applied to the Brazilian mobile prehospital model. Results: The main challenges analyzed were: understanding the role of advanced practice nurses; definition of the scope of training and qualification practices and policies; the regulation of performance; the reduction of medical resistance; implementation costs and definition of remuneration mechanisms. Coping strategies include: raising public awareness, defining the set of prerogatives and mechanisms for accreditation and training, associated with building powerful curricula. Conclusion: Challenges and strategies were mapped and analyzed, which made it possible to anticipate the scenario of application of the Advanced Practice Nursing proposal in the brazilian prehospital model, enabling the proposition of fundamental actions for the implementation and success of the strategy in the country. (AU)

Objetivos: Objetivos: Mapear y analizar los potenciales desafíos y estrategias en la implementación de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el modelo de atención prehospitalaria móvil brasileña, a partir de la experiencia de otros países. Métodos: Revisión narrativa, basada en la literatura sobre el tema, realizada en dos etapas: Revisión de documentos de organismos internacionales y búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo y Google Scholar. Al final, se realizó el análisis de cada desafío listado y sus respectivas estrategias, cuando se aplicó al modelo prehospitalario móvil brasileño. Resultados: Los principales desafíos analizados fueron: comprender el papel de las enfermeras de práctica avanzada; definición del alcance de las prácticas y políticas de formación y cualificación; la regulación del desempeño; la reducción de la resistencia médica; costos de implementación y definición de mecanismos de retribución. Las estrategias de afrontamiento incluyen: sensibilizar al público, definir el conjunto de prerrogativas y mecanismos de acreditación y formación, asociados con la construcción de planes de estudio potentes. Conclusión: Se mapearon y analizaron desafíos y estrategias que permitieron anticipar el escenario de aplicación de la propuesta de Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el modelo prehospitalario brasileño, posibilitando la proposición de acciones fundamentales para la implementación y éxito de la estrategia en el país. (AU)

Child health nursing consultation and competencies for Advanced Practice Nurses / Consulta de enfermería en salud infantil y competencias para Enfermeros de Práctica Avanzada / Consulta de enfermagem em saúde da criança e competências para Enfermeiros de Prática Avançada

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze nurses' practice in child health nursing consultations and the presence of care management competencies proposed for Advanced Practice Nurses (APN). Method: Multicenter, exploratory sequential mixed methods research, carried out in 17 Basic Health Units in four Brazilian cities. Collection was carried out from May to July 2022 through filming of consultation and analysis of medical records. Consultations with compliance with the Nursing Process ≥50% were analyzed to identify the competencies proposed for APN. Results: 24 child consultations carried out by 12 nurses were filmed. In the quantitative analysis, 11 nursing consultations, carried out by seven nurses, achieved ≥50% Nursing Process compliance. In the qualitative analysis of these consultations, some APN competencies in care management were identified, but incomplete. Conclusion: child health nursing consultations present weaknesses in carrying out the Nursing Process, and nurses demonstrated a partial and superficial application of the care management competencies proposed for APN.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la práctica del enfermero en consultas de enfermería en salud infantil y la presencia de habilidades de gestión del cuidado propuestas para el Enfermero de Práctica Avanzada (EPA). Método: Estudio multicéntrico, método mixto secuencial exploratorio, realizado en 17 Unidades Básicas de Salud de cuatro ciudades brasileñas. La recolección se realizó de mayo a julio de 2022 mediante filmación de la consulta y análisis de historias clínicas. Se analizaron las consultas con cumplimiento ≥50% del Proceso de Enfermería para identificar las competencias propuestas para EPA. Resultados: Se filmaron 24 consultas infantiles realizadas por 12 enfermeras. En el análisis cuantitativo, 11 consultas de enfermería, realizadas por siete enfermeros, alcanzaron ≥50% de cumplimiento del Proceso de Enfermería. En el análisis cualitativo de estas consultas se identificaron algunas competencias del EPA en la gestión del cuidado, pero incompletas. Conclusión: Las consultas de enfermería en salud infantil presentan debilidades en la realización del Proceso de Enfermería, y los enfermeros demostraron una aplicación parcial y superficial de las habilidades de gestión del cuidado propuestas para el EPA.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prática de enfermeiros nas consultas de enfermagem em saúde da criança e a presença das competências de gestão do cuidado propostas para o Enfermeiro de Prática Avançada (EPA). Método: Estudo multicêntrico, método misto sequencial exploratório, realizado em 17 Unidades Básicas de Saúde em quatro cidades brasileiras. A coleta foi realizada de maio a julho de 2022 através de filmagem da consulta e análise dos registros em prontuário. As consultas com cumprimento do Processo de Enfermagem ≥50% foram analisadas para identificar as competências propostas para EPA. Resultados: Foram filmadas 24 consultas de crianças realizadas por 12 enfermeiros. Na análise quantitativa, 11 consultas de enfermagem, realizadas por sete enfermeiros, alcançaram cumprimento ≥50% Processo de Enfermagem. Na análise qualitativa dessas consultas, algumas competências do EPA em gestão do cuidado foram identificadas, porém incompletas. Conclusão: As consultas de enfermagem em saúde da criança apresentam fragilidades na realização do Processo de Enfermagem, e os enfermeiros demonstraram uma aplicação parcial e superficial das competências de gestão do cuidado propostas para o EPA.

Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Modified Scale for Delineating Advanced Practice Nursing Roles / Validación de la Versión Brasileña de la Escala Modificada de Delimitación de la Función del Enfermero de Prácticas Avanzadas / Validação da Versão Brasileira da Escala Modificada de Delineamento da Função de Enfermeiro de Práticas Avançadas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the Brazilian version of the Modified Scale for Delineating Advanced Practice Nursing Roles. Methods: this was a methodological study for the clinical validation of an instrument, conducted with 207 nurses working in primary care. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha test, and z-test for proportion comparison were used. Results: the internal reliability of the scale was 0.944, with alpha greater than 0.80 in most domains, except for Education (0.786). In the exploratory factor analysis, considering the criterion of eigenvalue greater than one, eight factors were identified, explaining 79.38% of the variance. In the comparison of proportions, the adequate responses (≥ 2) in the domain of Comprehensive Direct Care, in both analyzed groups, were statistically equal. This domain had the highest score of adequate responses, followed by Education and Systems Support. Insufficient scoring was observed in the domains of Publication and Professional Leadership. Conclusions: the instrument demonstrated stability and reliability to be used in the evaluation of advanced nursing practice.

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar la Escala Modificada de Delimitación de la Función del Enfermero de Prácticas Avanzadas, versión brasileña. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación clínica de un instrumento, realizado con 207 enfermeros activos en la atención primaria. Se utilizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, prueba alfa de Cronbach y prueba z para la comparación de proporciones. Resultados: la fiabilidad interna de la escala fue de 0,944, y el alfa fue mayor que 0,80 en la mayoría de los dominios, excepto en Educación (0,786). En el análisis factorial exploratorio, considerando el criterio de autovalor mayor que uno, se identificaron ocho factores, explicando el 79,38% de la varianza. En la comparación de proporciones, las respuestas suficientes (≥ 2) en el dominio de Cuidados Integrales Directos, en ambos grupos analizados, fueron estadísticamente iguales. Este dominio tuvo la mayor puntuación de respuestas suficientes, seguido por Educación y Apoyo de Sistemas. Se observó una puntuación insuficiente en los dominios de Publicación y Liderazgo Profesional. Conclusiones: el instrumento demostró estabilidad y fiabilidad para ser utilizado en la evaluación de la práctica avanzada de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar a Escala Modificada de Delineamento da Função do Enfermeiro de Práticas Avançadas, versão brasileira. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação clínica de instrumento, realizado com 207 enfermeiros atuantes na atenção primária. Utilizaram-se análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, teste alfa de Cronbach e teste z para comparação de proporções. Resultados: a confiabilidade interna da escala foi de 0,944, e o alfa maior que 0,80 na maioria dos domínios, exceto Educação (0,786). Na análise fatorial exploratória, considerando o critério do autovalor maior que um, identificaram-se oito fatores, explicando 79,38% da variância. Na comparação de proporções, as respostas suficientes (≥ 2) no domínio Cuidados Abrangentes Diretos, em ambos os grupos analisados, foram estatisticamente iguais. Esse domínio teve a maior pontuação de respostas suficientes, seguido por Educação e Suporte de Sistemas. Pontuação insuficiente foi observada nos domínios Publicação e Liderança Profissional. Conclusões: o instrumento demonstrou estabilidade e confiabilidade para ser utilizado na avaliação da prática avançada de enfermagem.

Evidence of intrauterine device insertion by nurses in Primary Health Care: an integrative review / Evidencias de inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos por parte de enfermeros en Atención Primaria de Salud: revisión integradora / Evidências da inserção de dispositivo intrauterino por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize and analyze evidence on intrauterine device insertion by nurses in Primary Health Care. Methods: an integrative review, carried out in the BDENF, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases in June 2022, delimiting the period from 1960 to 2022. Results: 141 articles were identified in the initial search, and 10 studies made up the final sample. Four (40%) were developed in the United States and one (10%) in Brazil, with publications from 1979 to 2021. The findings were grouped into three categories: Nurse training to insert an intrauterine device; Nurses' competency to insert an intrauterine device; and Women's access to intrauterine devices. Conclusions: nurse theoretical and practical training is a prominent element, consolidated in the favorable outcomes of insertions performed by nurses and satisfaction among women, a practice that has expanded access to the contraceptive method in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar y analizar la evidencia sobre la inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos por parte de enfermeras en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: revisión integrativa, realizada en las bases de datos BDENF, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science en junio de 2022, delimitando el período de 1960 a 2022. Resultados: se identificaron 141 artículos en la búsqueda inicial y 10 publicaciones conformaron la muestra final. Cuatro (40%) fueron desarrollados en Estados Unidos y uno (10%) en Brasil, con publicaciones de 1979 a 2021. Los hallazgos se agruparon en tres categorías: Capacitación de enfermeras para insertar un dispositivo intrauterino; Competencia de las enfermeras para insertar un dispositivo intrauterino; y Acceso de las mujeres a los dispositivos intrauterinos. Conclusiones: la formación teórica y práctica de los enfermeros es un elemento destacado, consolidado en los resultados favorables de las inserciones realizadas por los enfermeros y la satisfacción de las mujeres, práctica que ha ampliado el acceso al método anticonceptivo en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar e analisar as evidências da inserção de dispositivo intrauterino por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados BDENF, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed e Web of Science em junho de 2022, delimitando-se o período de 1960 a 2022. Resultados: identificaram-se 141 artigos na busca inicial, e 10 publicações compuseram a amostra final. Quatro (40%) foram desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos e um (10%) no Brasil, sendo publicações de 1979 a 2021. Os achados foram agrupados em três categorias: Treinamento dos enfermeiros para inserção de dispositivo intrauterino; Competência dos enfermeiros para inserção de dispositivo intrauterino; e Acesso das mulheres aos dispositivos intrauterinos. Conclusões: o treinamento teórico e prático dos enfermeiros é um elemento de destaque, consolidado nos desfechos favoráveis das inserções realizadas por enfermeiros e satisfação entre as mulheres, prática que tem ampliado o acesso ao método contraceptivo na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Eliminação das hepatites virais: o que a enfermagem brasileira pode contribuir? / Elimination of viral hepatitis: what can brazilian nursing contribute? / Eliminación de las hepatitis virales: ¿qué puede aportar la enfermería brasileña?

Objetivo: Refletir acerca das contribuições da enfermagem para a eliminação das hepatites virais no Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo reflexivo de abordagem qualitativa sustentado na prática do enfermeiro em sistemas de saúde organizado em três categorias. Resultados: Na categoria Ampliação do escopo de prática: percurso para fortalecer a atuação do enfermeiro na Rede de Atenção à Saúde, aborda-se atuação na agenda estratégica do Ministério da Saúde e do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem em prover condições para ampliação do acesso por meio da gestão, assistência, ensino e pesquisa. Na categoria Subsídios da gestão e coordenação do cuidado para guiar a prática do enfermeiro aborda-se a dimensão individual e familiar, profissional, organizacional, sistêmica e societária com reconhecimento da necessidade de ampliar a reflexão. Na categoria O enfermeiro na gestão de programas de enfrentamento às hepatites virais pontua-se aspectos intrínsecos construídos desde a formação com ênfase para a gestão e gerência, em uma dinâmica real de responsabilidade técnica em programas, serviços e equipes. Conclusão: A reflexão da contribuição do enfermeiro possui relação com a gestão e coordenação do cuidado, prática já estabelecida ao profissional, mas que requer diretrizes e investimento para às hepatites por meio da educação permanente. (AU)

Objective: To reflect on the contributions of nursing to the elimination of viral hepatitis in the Unified Health System. Methods: This was a reflexive study with a qualitative approach based on the practice of nursing in health systems, organized into three categories. Results: In the category Expansion of the scope of practice: path to strengthen the role of nurses in the Health Care Network, the strategic agenda of the Ministry of Health and the Federal Council of Nursing is addressed in providing conditions for expanding access through management, care, teaching and research. In the category subsidies of care management and coordination to guide nursing practice, the individual and family, professional, organizational, systemic and societal dimensions are addressed, with recognition of the need to broaden reflection. In the category Nurses in the management of programs to combat viral hepatitis, intrinsic aspects built since training are highlighted, with emphasis on management and management, in a real dynamic of technical responsibility in programs, services and teams. Conclusion: The reflection on the contribution of nurses is related to the management and coordination of care, a practice already established for professionals, but which requires guidelines and investment for hepatitis through continuing education. (AU)

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las contribuciones de la enfermería a la eliminación de las hepatitis virales en el Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio reflexivo con abordaje cualitativo basado en la práctica de enfermería en los sistemas de salud, organizado en tres categorías. Resultados: En la categoría Ampliación del ámbito de la práctica: camino para fortalecer el papel de los enfermeros en la Red de Atención a la Salud, se aborda la agenda estratégica del Ministerio de Salud y del Consejo Federal de Enfermería en la provisión de condiciones para ampliar el acceso a través de la gestión, el cuidado, la enseñanza y la investigación. En la categoría Subsidios de gestión y coordinación del cuidado para orientar la práctica de enfermería, se abordan las dimensiones individual y familiar, profesional, organizacional, sistémica y social, reconociendo la necesidad de ampliar la reflexión. En la categoría Enfermeras en la gestión de programas de combate a las hepatitis virales, se destacan aspectos intrínsecos construidos desde la formación, con énfasis en la gestión y gestión, en una dinámica real de responsabilidad técnica en programas, servicios y equipos. Conclusión: La reflexión sobre la contribución de los enfermeros se relaciona con la gestión y coordinación de los cuidados, una práctica ya establecida para los profesionales, pero que requiere directrices e inversión para la hepatitis a través de la educación continua. (AU)

La Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en la educación de posgrado para las enfermeras especialistas / Advanced Practice Nursing in Postgraduate Education for Specialist Nurses

Introducción: El término Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada tiene sus orígenes en la misma historia del desarrollo de la enfermería moderna, existe evidencia de que aumenta a nivel internacional, pero persiste la incertidumbre sobre la claridad del rol y la necesidad de progresar de manera coordinada. En la literatura revisada no se encuentra claridad acerca de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada para la educación y el desarrollo profesional de las enfermeras especialistas para considerarlas de práctica avanzada a pesar del conocimiento teórico y práctico que poseen. Objetivo: Identificar cómo se aborda desde la literatura científica, la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en la educación de posgrado para enfermeras especialistas. Métodos: Se realizó metarrevisión conocida como revisión paraguas o revisión de revisiones entre enero y abril de 2022. Búsqueda en bases de datos: BVS, SciELO y PubMed, con las palabras clave "enfermería de práctica avanzada" AND "enfermeras especialistas" AND "educación de postgrado en enfermería". Criterios de inclusión: estudios de revisión, disponibles a texto completo, publicados en los idiomas inglés, español o portugués. Criterios de exclusión: textos repetidos, los que solo se puede leer el resumen y aquellos que no se ajustaron al tema de estudio. Conclusiones: Varios de los estudios revisados describen el valor de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada para el desarrollo profesional y la mejora en la calidad de los servicios; no obstante, su valía aún no es bien reconocida en todos los contextos y se precisa avanzar en la consolidación de las especialistas para considerarlas de práctica avanzada(AU)

Introduction: The term advanced practice nursing has its origins in the very history of modern nursing development. Evidence shows that it is increasing internationally, but uncertainty persists about the clarity of the role and the need to progress in a coordinated way. In the reviewed literature, there is no clarity about advanced practice nursing for the education and professional development of specialist nurses to consider them of advanced practice, despite the theoretical and practical knowledge that they possess. Objective: To identify how advanced practice nursing is approached from the scientific literature in postgraduate education for specialist nurses. Methods: A meta-review known as umbrella review or review of reviews was conducted between January and April 2022. A search was conducted in the BVS, SciELO and PubMed databases, with the keywords enfermería de práctica avanzada [advanced practice nursing] AND enfermeras especialistas [nurse specialists] AND educación de postgrado en enfermería [postgraduate nursing education]. The following inclusion criteria were considered: review studies; available in full text; and published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The following exclusion criteria were considered: repeated texts; those for which only the abstract could be read; and those that did not fit the study topic. Conclusions: Several of the reviewed studies describe the value of advanced practice nursing for professional development and the improvement in the quality of services; however, its value is still not well recognized in all contexts and progress is needed towards the consolidation of specialists to be considered of advanced practice(AU)

Enfermería de práctica avanzada en atención primaria de la salud / Advanced practice nursing in primary health care

Introducción: La enfermería de práctica avanzada está constituida por los cuidados de calidad que brinda una enfermera experta en conocimientos y competencias clínicas, que le permite tomar decisiones complejas en beneficio de poblaciones vulnerables, por lo que es una actividad clave en la atención primaria de salud. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica relacionada a las experiencias de la implementación de enfermería de práctica avanzada en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre el año 2010 al 2020 en bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, Science Direct, REDALYC, PubMed y Elsevier en idioma castellano, inglés y portugués, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se aplicó el uso de los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), Descriptores MeSH y la combinación de los operadores booleanos OR y AND. Se revisaron 405 artículos y luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 15. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudios revisados respaldan la necesidad de potenciar el progresivo desarrollo de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada y su incorporación en el sistema de salud para responder a las necesidades de salud de la población, pese a que existen dificultades en su implementación en especial en la regulación y la formación(AU)

Introduction: Advanced practice nursing is made up of quality care provided by a nurse expert in clinical knowledge and skills, allowing her to make complex decisions for the benefit of vulnerable populations, which is why it is a key activity in primary health care. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence related to the experiences of the implementation of advanced practice nursing in primary health care. Methods: Systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in SciELO, LILACS, Science Direct, REDALYC, PubMed and Elsevier databases in Spanish, English and Portuguese, for which the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic methodology was used. Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA); Likewise, the use of Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS), MeSH Descriptors and the combination of the Boolean operators OR and AND were applied. 405 articles were reviewed and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 were selected. Conclusions: Most of the reviewed studies support the need to promote the progressive development of Advanced Practice Nursing and its incorporation into the health system to respond to the health needs of the population, despite the fact that there are difficulties in its implementation in especially in regulation and training(AU)