FATHER-CHILD INTERACTIONS AT 3 MONTHS AND 24 MONTHS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHILDREN'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AT 24 MONTHS.

The quality of father-child interactions has become a focus of increasing research in the field of child development. We examined the potential contribution of father-child interactions at both 3 months and 24 months to children's cognitive development at 24 months. Observational measures of father-child interactions at 3 and 24 months were used to assess the quality of fathers' parenting (n = 192). At 24 months, the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (N. Bayley, ) measured cognitive functioning. The association between interactions and cognitive development was examined using multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for paternal age, education and depression, infant age, and maternal sensitivity. Children whose fathers displayed more withdrawn and depressive behaviors in father-infant interactions at 3 months scored lower on the MDI at 24 months. At 24 months, children whose fathers were more engaged and sensitive as well as those whose fathers were less controlling in their interactions scored higher on the MDI. These findings were independent of the effects of maternal sensitivity. Results indicate that father-child interactions, even from a very young age (i.e., 3 months) may influence children's cognitive development. They highlight the potential significance of interventions to promote positive parenting by fathers and policies that encourage fathers to spend more time with their young children.

A musicalização como intervenção precoce junto a bebê com risco psíquico e seus familiares / Musicalization as early intervention for babies at psychic risk and their relatives / L'exposition à la musique comme intervention précoce chez un bébé à risque psychique et chez ses proches / La musicalización como dispositivo de intervención precoz en el bebé con riesgo psíquico y en sus famílias

A pesquisa analisou os efeitos da musicalização de bebês como intervenção precoce junto a um bebê com risco de evolução para o autismo, detectado pelos sinais PREAUT e pelos índicadores de referência ao desenvolvimento infantil, e seus familiares, inserido em grupo com outros dois bebês sem risco e suas mães. A intervenção apresentou-se efetiva para o estabelecimento do processo de alienação, e também com progressos psicomotores, cognitivos e linguísticos. Pode-se concluir que a musicalização de bebê é uma alternativa de intervenção precoce em casos de risco psíquico.

This research analyzed the effects of musicalization on babies as early intervention for babies at risk of evolving towards autism, when this is detected by PREAUT signs and the risk indexes of child development, and their families, established in a group with two other babies who were not risk and their mothers. The intervention appeared to be effective in establishing the alienation process, and in psychomotor, cognitive and linguistic progress. We can thus conclude that babies' musicalization is an early intervention alternative in cases of psychological risk.

Cette étude analyse les effets de l'exposition de nourrissons à la musique comme intervention précoce chez un bébé à risque autistique — détecté par les signes PRÉAUT et les indicateurs de référence du développement de l'enfant —, ainsi que chez ses proches, insérés dans un groupe avec deux autres bébés sans risque et leurs mères. L'intervention s'est montrée efficace pour l'établissement du processus d'aliénation, ainsi que pour le progrès psychomoteur, cognitif et linguistique. On conclut que l'exposition du bébé à la musique est une alternative d'intervention précoce en cas de risque psychique.

La investigación analizó los efectos de la musicalización, como intervención precoz, en un bebé con riesgo de evolución de autismo, detectado por las señales PREAUT y a través de los indicadores de referencia del desarrollo infantil, y sus familiares. El bebé en riesgo y su familia fueron incluidos en un grupo de bebés sin riesgo y sus madres. La intervención se mostró efectiva en cuanto al establecimiento del proceso de alienación, y con progresos psicomotores, cognitivos y lingüísticos. Se puede concluir que musicalización del bebé es una alternativa de intervención precoz en casos de riesgo psíquico.

Dieser Artikel untersucht die Wirkungen der musikalischen Begleitung von Säuglingen als vorzeitige Intervention bei einem Kleinkind mit Autismus-Risiko und bei seinen Familienangehörigen. PREAUT-Indizien und Risikoanzeichen der Kinderentwicklung wurden benutzt, um das Risiko festzustellen. Das Kleinkind und seine Angehörigen waren Teil einer Gruppe, die außerdem zwei andere Babys ohne Risiko und ihre Mütter enthielt. Die Intervention war erfolgreich zur Feststellung des Alienationsprozesses und produzierte ebenfalls psychomotorische, kognitive und sprachliche Fortschritte. Man kann daraus schließen, dass die musikalische Begleitung von Kleinkindern eine alternative Form frühzeitiger Intervention bei psychischen Risiko-Fällen ist.