[Crania, bodies, and measurements: formation of the collection of anthropometric instruments at the Museu Nacional in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century]. / Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX.

Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.

Escrutínio público da vida privada: uma análise etnográfica da situação de rua discutida on-line / El escrutinio público de la vida privada: un análisis etnográfico de la situación de calle discutida en internet / Public scrutiny of private life: an ethnographic analysis of homelessness discussed online

Resumo Esta pesquisa, de cunho etnográfico e embasada pelas premissas da Antropologia Digital, investigou as marcas da cultura que atravessam o debate sobre a situação de rua mediado pelas tecnologias digitais em uma página de Facebook. A página analisada, intitulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de pessoas em situação de rua, usando o tom testemunhal. A etapa de observação participante contemplou a leitura de todas as publicações (posts e comentários) entre setembro de 2014 e março de 2020. Participaram do estudo o grupo realizador da página e 27 pessoas que costumavam comentar os posts. A pesquisa corrobora a noção de que o digital é permeado por ambiguidades pois observa-se, por um lado, um movimento de mudança de pensamento e atitude quanto à situação de rua e, por outro, o reforço de visões reducionistas ligadas à sensação de passar a conhecer alguém por meio de histórias publicadas na internet.

Resumen Esta investigación, de carácter etnográfico y basada en las premisas de la Antropología Digital, investigó las marcas de la cultura que permean el debate sobre la situación de calle mediado por las tecnologías digitales en una página de Facebook. La página analizada, titulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de personas en situación de calle, en un tono testimonial. La etapa de observación participante incluyó la lectura de todas las publicaciones (posts y comentarios) entre septiembre de 2014 y marzo de 2020. El grupo que creó la página y 27 personas que comentaban periódicamente los posts participaron del estudio. La investigación corrobora la noción de que el mundo digital está permeado por ambigüedades ya que, por un lado, se observa un cambio de pensamiento y actitud hacia la situación de la calle y, por otro, el refuerzo de visiones reduccionistas vinculadas al sentimiento de conocer a alguien a través de las historias publicadas en internet.

Abstract This research, of an ethnographic nature and based on the premises of Digital Anthropology, investigated the marks of culture that permeate the debate about homelessness mediated by digital technologies on a Facebook page. The analyzed page, named Rio Invisível, publishes reports of homeless people, using a testimonial tone. The participant observation stage included reading all publications (posts and comments) between September 2014 and March 2020. The group that created the page and 27 people who regularly commented on the posts participated in the study. The research corroborates the notion that the digital world is permeated by ambiguities since, on the one hand, there is a change in thinking and attitude towards homelessness and, on the other hand, the reinforcement of reductionist views linked to the feeling of knowing someone through stories published on the internet.

Exploration of anthropological specimens by GC-MS and chemometrics.

Anthropological specimens combine a variety of unfavorable characteristics, rendering their evaluation an analytical challenge. Their remarkable status is primarily based on two characteristics: (i) these very rare samples of human origin are testimonies of human history and are, therefore, available only in minute amounts for analytical purposes, and (ii) the analysis of these samples is extremely limited by the decomposition of molecules, which are easily detected in living organisms, such as nucleic acids and proteins, but are subject to rapid post-mortem decay. In this article, we review the methods and results of archaeometry, emphasizing the role of MS combined with chemometrics. Focusing on experimental results for fatty acid profiles, specimens from mummies from different civilizations were compared. Considering in particular the Tyrolean Iceman, the application of chemometric methods to GC-MS data recovers essential information about the preservation and the storage conditions of mummies.