A Case of Enterococcal Patent Ductus Arteriosus-associated Endarteritis in a Preterm Neonate.

INTRODUCTION: The persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus frequently occurs in premature neonates and can cause infective endocarditis (IE) or ductal endarteritis (DE) during sepsis. Even though neonatal IE and DE are believed to be a rare eventuality, their incidence has been increasing in the last decades due to the improved survival of even more preterm babies, favored by highly invasive procedures and therapies. In parallel, antimicrobial resistance is another rising problem in neonatal intensive care units, which frequently compels to treat infections with broad-spectrum or last generation antibiotics. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a preterm neonate affected by patent ductus arteriosus-associated DE that followed an episode of sepsis caused by a high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcus. The neonate was successfully treated with the synergistic combination of ampicillin and cefotaxime. DISCUSSION: IE and patent ductus arteriosus-associated DE are rising inside neonatal intensive care units and neonatologists should be aware of these conditions. Enterococcal IE and patent ductus arteriosus-associated DE sustained by high-level aminoglycoside-resistant strains can be successfully treated with the synergistic combination of ampicillin and cefotaxime even in preterm neonates.

Recurrent Salmonella bacteraemia and right internal iliac artery endarteritis in a splenectomised patient.

A man in his mid-70s with a complex medical history, including splenectomy, presented with fever and rigours. Workup revealed Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium bacteraemia and right internal iliac artery endarteritis. Two weeks following a 6-week course of antibiotics, he had a recurrence of Salmonella bacteraemia requiring an extended course of treatment.

Infectious endarteritis in aortic coarctation: two spectra of an infrequent disease.

OBJECTIVE: To describe two different degrees of clinical commitment and results in the evolution of infectious endarteritis in patients without a previous diagnosis of aortic coarctation. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two male patients aged 13 and 9 years old were admitted. The first due to a fever for 2 months, which started after dental cleaning, and the second due to high blood pressure, both patients with asthenia and weight loss. In the first case, the transthoracic echocardiogram showed aortic coarctation, and the transesophageal echocardiogram showed the presence of vegetations in the post-coarctation area, without pseudoaneurysms, with blood culture positive for Streptococcus mitis. This patient was treated for six weeks with crystalline penicillin, resolving the infection without complications. The second case was assessed for high blood pressure with a history of fever, and was treated with antibiotics. When performing a transthoracic echocardiogram, aortic coarctation was observed with a saccular image classified as a pseudoaneurysm by angiography and tomography. Blood culture was negative, and the patient developed an episode of hematemesis whose initial etiology could not be determined. Before surgical repair, he had a second episode of copious hematemesis with hypovolemic shock and death. COMMENTS: We need to have a high index of clinical suspicion to establish the diagnosis of aortic coarctation complicated by endarteritis and start the appropriate antibiotic treatment, always maintaining surveillance for the early detection of pseudoaneurysms.

Bacteriemias e infección endovascular por Campylobacter spp: nuestra experiencia en un cuarto de siglo de historia / Bacteremia and endarteritis cases secondary to Campylobacter spp. in a metropolitan hospital: Our experience along a quarter of a century

Six cases of bacteremia and one of endarteritis were identified between 1986 and 2010 in a general hospital in Chile. Five of these cases occurred during the second half of this timeframe, Campylobacterfetus predominated (5 out of 7) and the majority of the infections presented during warmer months. The mean age was 32.4 years (range 19 to 63) all had comorbidities, and main clinical manifestations included fever with diarrhea. Four patients developed hypotension and two septic shock. The latter, associated to C. fetus bacteremia, died before microbiological diagnosis. Six out of 7 patients received antimicrobial therapy. During 2004 and 2010, the rates of Campylobacter spp. positive stool cultures in the same hospital increased 4 times, suggesting an emerging profile. Bacteremia and endarteritis by Campylobacter spp. can develop in vulnerable patients and manifest as fever with or without diarrhea. Finding curved or spiral shaped gram negative rods in blood cultures leads to suspect this pathogen. Species identification is of utmost importance due to antimicrobial resistance especially in C. jejuni. Prognosis is unfavorable due to host characteristics, and case-fatality rate is high.

Se presentan seis casos de bacteriemia y uno de infección vascular por Campylobacter spp, observados en 25 años, con el fin de describir sus características clínicas. Cinco de ellos se registraron en la segunda mitad del período, en concomitancia con el incremento de este agente en el porcentaje de coprocultivos, lo que sugiere un perfil emergente. Las infecciones fueron más frecuentes en los meses cálidos, asociadas principalmente a C. fetus (5 de 7) y a co-morbilidad. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 32,4 años (rango 19 a 63 años) y todos tenían comorbilidades. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron diarrea y fiebre (5 de 7 casos) y dos pacientes cursaron con shock séptico (28,6 por ciento). La evolución fue favorable en cinco pacientes pero los dos que presentaron shock asociado a C. fetus fallecieron (28,6 por ciento). Las bacteriemias o infecciones vasculares por Campylobacter spp., aunque infrecuentes, pueden presentarse en pacientes vulnerables y debutar como cuadros febriles, en presencia o ausencia de diarrea. La identificación de la especie involucrada es de suma importancia debido a la escasa actividad terapéutica de cefalosporinas de tercera generación y quinolonas. El pronóstico de estas bacteriemias es grave debido a las características del hospedero y a su elevada letalidad.

Endoarterite infecciosa pós-coarctaçäo de aorta em menino de 11 anos / Infectious Endoarteritis After Aortic Coarctation in an Eleven-Year-Old Boy

The authors describe an unusual case of infectious endo-arteritis after aortic coarctation. Clinical and echocardiographic aspects and the excellent surgical results are enhanced

Os autores descrevem um caso infreqüente de endoarterite infecciosa pós-coarctação de aorta em um menino de 11 anos de idade. Peculiariedades do quadro clínico, o aspecto ecocardiográfico e o excelente resultado cirúrgico são destacados

Estenose aórtica supravalvar complicada por endarterite aórtica e formaçäo de aneurisma micótico / Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis Complicated by Aortic Endarteritis and Mycotic Aneurysm Formation

Paciente do sexo masculino, 11 anos, portador de estenose aórtica supravalvar, tendo como complicaçäo aneurismas micóticos em aorta ascendente secundários a endocardite bacteriana. Os aneurismas foram diagnosticados através de ecocardiograma-controle ao término de tratamento clínico da endocardite, aparentemente sem intercorrências. A angiografia confirmou o diagnóstico, tendo sido os aneurismas ressecados cirurgicamente. Após 6 meses de cirurgia, o paciente continua bem

Aneurisma espontáneo del conducto arterioso permeable, con endocarditis. Presentación de un caso / Spontaneous aneurysm of the permeable ductus arteirousus with endoarteritis. Case inform

El aneurisma espontáneo del condcuto arterioso es un padecimiento extremadamente raro. De un total de 24 casos de adultos descritos en la literatura médica hasta 1987, sólo en uno estaba el conducto permeable y, en otro, estaba recanalizado, después de haber estado cerrado. Nosotros describimos el segundo caso en la literatura de un enfermo con conducto arterioso totalmente permeable, con aneurisma espontáneo y endarteritis, en el que señalamos la importancia de los procedimientos diagnósticos: ecocardiografía, tomografía y angiografía, así como el tratamiento quirúrgico exitoso en nuestro paciente. Discutimos la etiología probable del aneurisma del conducto arterioso

Reconocimiento ecocardiográfico de endarderitis de arteria pulmonar en persistencia del conducto arterioso / Echocardiographic recognition of endarteritis of pulmonary artery in patent ductus arteriosus

Describimos los signos ecocardiográficos de endarteritis de la arteria pulmonar y la importancia del estudio Doppler en tres pacientes con persistencia del conducto arterioso. El diagnóstico y seguimiento de esta complicación con un estudio no invasivo podría bolir la necesidad de exponer al paciente a un procedimiento de cateterismo cardiaco, con el riesgo de desprender las vegetaciones el catéter

Vasculopatia aguda do transplante renal / Acute vasculopathy of renal transplantation

Os autores descrevem um tipo peculiar de rejeiçäo de caráter humoral que ocorreu em 14 casos, num total de 284 transplantes realizados na Unidade de Transplante Renal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medícina da Universidade de Säo Paulo. O quadro anátomo-patológico se caracteriza por uma importante endarterite obliterqante, que acomete principalmente artérias arqueadas ou arteríolas localizadas próximo a área justa-medular. Necrose tribular aguda de caráter focal e sem evidências de regeneraçäo é um achado constante. A imunoflurorescência evidencia deposiçäo de IgM e fibrinogênio na íntima dos vasos acometidos com intensidade variável. C3 também pode ser detectado em menor quantidade e intensidade. Do ponto de vista clínico se caracteriza por uma rejeiçäo grave, precoce, que näo responde a pulsoterapia e com perda precoce do enxerto em 12 dos 14 casos observados

Cistopatía posradiación: análisis de 467 pacientes / Posradiation cistopaty: analysis of 467 patients

Análisis retrospectivo de 467 expedientes clínicos de pacientes radiadas por padecer cáncer ginecológico. Como resultados se señalan la mayor incidencia de complicaciones en mujeres operadas como parte de su tratamiento, sin establecer en la mayoría de los casos una correlación entre las características del tratamiento aplicado y la aparición de complicaciones.