The impact of the site of blood sampling on pharmacokinetic parameters following sublingual dosing to dogs.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Drugs are most commonly administered orally, but some potential drug candidates are not suited for oral administration due to poor absorption, high first pass metabolism or gastrointestinal side effects. The interest for transmucosal dosing for systemic drug delivery is increasing, e.g. buccal, sublingual and nasal routes. The evaluation of the systemic plasma concentration and the derivation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of candidate compounds in preclinical studies are essential for drug development. The effect of site of blood sampling on the measured drug concentration, in both animals and humans, is to some extent known but it is not always taken into consideration in the design of pharmacological and toxicological studies. METHODS: Blood samples were collected both from leg and jugular veins from beagle dogs following a single sublingual dosing of Compound A in order to determine the impact of different sites of blood sampling on plasma pharmacokinetics. Plasma was prepared by centrifugation and plasma concentrations of Compound A were determined by protein precipitation and liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometric detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment methods. RESULTS: Sampling from the jugular vein resulted in higher and more variable exposure during the absorption phase compared to sampling from a leg vein. The plasma exposure in the jugular vein, in terms of C(max), was 4-fold compared to that in the leg vein and an approximately 2-fold bioavailability was observed. DISCUSSION: The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of the different sites of blood sampling on assessing systemic plasma exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters for Compound A following sublingual dosing to dogs. The results demonstrate the significant impact that the site of blood sampling has on PK parameters, and raise concerns of using the jugular vein as a site of sampling after sublingual and other transmucosal routes of dosing in the head region.