Analysis of Factors Associated with Progression and Long-Term Outcomes of Penetrating Artery Territory Infarction: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with penetrating artery territory infarction occasionally show progressive motor deficits during the acute stage with poor prognosis. Predictive indices or medical therapies for suppressing the symptomatic progression (SP) of penetrating artery infarction have not been established. In this study, we investigated SP-related clinical factors and functional outcomes, specifically improvement 3 months post ictus in patients with penetrating artery infarction. METHODS: We retrospectively examined acute stroke patients with penetrating artery infarction admitted at 7 collaborative hospitals. SP was defined as an increase by 1 point or higher in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Functional improvement was assessed based on the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months. The influence of factors, such as patient characteristics, clinical data, medical treatment during the acute stage and on SP, and functional improvement was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-eight patients (310 men; mean age, 70 years) were examined. Sixty-eight patients (14%) exhibited SP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher hemoglobin A1c (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.55), body mass index (BMI; OR, .85; 95% CI, .77-.94), and systolic blood pressure on admission (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.19-2.25) were independent predictors of SP in penetrating artery infarction. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.52-8.38) independently influenced functional improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Initial high blood pressure, diabetes, and low BMI on admission were associated with early progression of penetrating artery infarction. DAPT during the acute stage may contribute to functional improvement.