Listeriosis in two twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization with differential outcome and literature review.

PURPOSE: In vitro fertilization (IVF) has become a very common procedure in the infertility practice due to its accessibility. The study is aiming at presenting two twin pregnancy-related infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes and reviewing the reported cases of listeriosis in multiple pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two listeriosis cases with twin pregnancy after IVF were described and the literature on pregnancy-associated listeriosis was reviewed. RESULTS: The risk of listeriosis should be underscored in pregnant women after IVF, and timely diagnosis and rational treatment might result in a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights that the infections due to L. monocytogenes should be noted in multiple pregnancies after IVF.