Characterization of BTEX group of VOCs and inhalation risks in indoor microenvironments at small enterprises.
Sci Total Environ
; 645: 974-983, 2018 Dec 15.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30248884
ABSTRACT
Concentrations of BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) were measured in indoor and outdoor environments at four printing shops and two photocopy centers in Sakaka city, KSA. Fifty four BTEX samples were collected using passive diffusion monitors (SKC VOC 575) and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that toluene was the most prevailing compound within the BTEX group and its indoor levels were much higher than outdoor. The average indoor concentrations (µg/m3) ranged from 2.45 to 14.66, 81.59 to 955.65, 11.19 to 97.35, 35.66 to 291.88 and 3.90 to 28.39 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene, respectively. The indoor/outdoor ratios of concentrations of BTEX species were more than one in most cases, indicating the effect of indoor emission sources. Based on (Toluene/Benzene) ratios, all sites were affected by the traffic emissions. Ventilation efficiency, ink type and outdoor pollutant concentration are responsible for results disparity. Cancer and non-cancer risks were assessed in the indoor environments by calculating the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and hazard ratio (HR), respectively. For benzene and ethylbenzene measured concentrations, LCR values were more than the acceptable USEPA risk level of 1â¯×â¯10-6. HR values for BTEX species were in general lower than the threshold limit of one.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Derivados del Benceno
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Contaminación del Aire Interior
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Exposición por Inhalación
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos
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Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire
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Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Sci Total Environ
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article