The Evolution of Rag Gene Enhancers and Transcription Factor E and Id Proteins in the Adaptive Immune System.
Int J Mol Sci
; 22(11)2021 May 31.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34072618
ABSTRACT
Adaptive immunity relies on the V(D)J DNA recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes, which enables the recognition of highly diverse antigens and the elicitation of antigen-specific immune responses. This process is mediated by recombination-activating gene (Rag) 1 and Rag2 (Rag1/2), whose expression is strictly controlled in a cell type-specific manner; the expression of Rag1/2 genes represents a hallmark of lymphoid lineage commitment. Although Rag genes are known to be evolutionally conserved among jawed vertebrates, how Rag genes are regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) and how their regulatory system evolved among vertebrates have not been fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the current body of knowledge concerning the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of Rag genes and the evolution of the basic helix-loop-helix TF E protein regulating Rag gene CREs, as well as the evolution of the antagonist of this protein, the Id protein. This may help to understand how the adaptive immune system develops along with the evolution of responsible TFs and enhancers.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Factores de Transcripción
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Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos
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Proteínas de Homeodominio
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Evolución Molecular
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Inmunidad Adaptativa
Límite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Año:
2021
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Japón