Identification of subgroups of patients with gastrointestinal cancers based on symptom severity and frequency: A latent profile and latent class analysis.

PURPOSE: Identify subgroups of patients with gastrointestinal cancer with different frequency and severity of symptoms and assess differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, and degree of interference with daily life. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 202 patients with gastrointestinal cancers completed the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Gastrointestinal Cancer Module by convenience sampling. Subgroups of patients were identified using latent profile analysis and latent class analysis. Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney-U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed differences among subgroups. RESULTS: In terms of symptom severity, low (70.3%), Moderate (13.4%), and high (16.3%) classes were identified. Compared with the other two classes, the Moderate group had a higher proportion of patients with a history of tobacco and alcohol, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer (P < 0.05). In terms of symptom frequency, all -high (57.9%), high physical symptoms (9.9%), and all-low (32.2%) classes were identified. All-high groups had a younger age and a higher proportion of patients with cancer stage IV (P < 0.05). The high group had the most interference with daily life in both perspectives (P < 0.001), and psycho-emotional symptoms were frequent and severe. CONCLUSIONS: The two perspectives of symptom severity and frequency can play a complementary role in identifying high-risk groups. Clinical practitioners should strengthen psychological interventions in young and advanced cancer patients and provide pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for dysphagia symptoms in esophageal and gastric cancer patients with a history of tobacco and alcohol.