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Impact of Legislation on Brominated Flame Retardant Concentrations in UK Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Evidence for Declining Indoor Emissions of Some Legacy BFRs.
Ma, Yulong; Stubbings, William A; Jin, Jingxi; Cline-Cole, Reginald; Abdallah, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa; Harrad, Stuart.
Afiliación
  • Ma Y; School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
  • Stubbings WA; School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
  • Jin J; School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
  • Cline-Cole R; Department of African Studies & Anthropology, School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
  • Abdallah MA; School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
  • Harrad S; School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(9): 4237-4246, 2024 Mar 05.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38386008
ABSTRACT
Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were measured in indoor dust, indoor air, and outdoor air in Birmingham, UK. Concentrations of ΣBFRs ranged from 490 to 89,000 ng/g, 46-14,000 pg/m3, and 22-11,000 pg/m3, respectively, in UK indoor dust, indoor air, and outdoor air. BDE-209 and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were the main contributors. The maximum concentration of DBDPE (10,000 pg/m3) in outdoor air is the highest reported anywhere to date. In contrast with previous studies of outdoor air in Birmingham, we observed significant correlations between concentrations of tri- to hepta-BDEs and HBCDD and temperature. This may suggest that primary emissions from ongoing use of these BFRs have diminished and that secondary emissions (e.g., evaporation from soil) are now a potentially major source of these BFRs in outdoor air. Conversely, the lack of significant correlations between temperature and concentrations of BDE-209 and DBDPE may indicate that ongoing primary emissions from indoor sources remain important for these BFRs. Further research to clarify the relative importance of primary and secondary sources of BFRs to outdoor air is required. Comparison with earlier studies in Birmingham reveals significant (p < 0.05) declines in concentrations of legacy BFRs, but significant increases for NBFRs over the past decade. While there appear minimal health burdens from BFR exposure for UK adults, dust ingestion of BDE-209 may pose a significant risk for UK toddlers.
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Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Contaminación del Aire Interior / Retardadores de Llama / Hidrocarburos Bromados Límite: Adult / Humans País/Región como asunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Reino Unido

Texto completo: 1 Banco de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Contaminación del Aire Interior / Retardadores de Llama / Hidrocarburos Bromados Límite: Adult / Humans País/Región como asunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Reino Unido