Age-related changes of protein turnover in specific tissues of the chick.

ABSTRACT

The effect of age on muscle and liver protein turnover was analyzed in growing broilers. Protein turnover was compared in the Pectoralis major (PM), the Anterior Latissimus dorsi (ALD), and the Sartorius (SART) muscles, as well as in the liver in broilers at three ages (2, 3, and 4 wk). Protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR, in percentage per day) were measured by a flooding dose of L-[4-3H] Phe. Protein fractional breakdown rates (FBR, in percentage per day) were estimated as the difference between FSR and the gain rates of tissue protein. When expressed in absolute rates (grams per day), tissue protein deposition increased during chick growth (approximately 1.7-fold, whatever the tissue). This phenomenon was accompanied by increased protein synthesis (ASR) and proteolysis (ABR) in the PM and in the ALD muscles as well as in the liver. However, ASR and ABR did not seem to be significantly modified in SART. The FSR in skeletal muscles significantly decreased with age. This developmental decline was associated with decreases in RNA content and RNA protein ratio (Cs, capacity for protein synthesis). In contrast to muscle, we found no significant variation in liver FSR between 2 and 4 wk of age. In addition, liver Cs and translational efficiencies were not decreased. Finally, in muscle as in liver, FBR did not show any clear age-related pattern.