RESUMO
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing daily worldwide. Although different aspects of CRC have been studied in other parts of the world, relatively little or almost no information is available in Pakistan about different aspects of this disease at the molecular level. The present study was aimed at determining the frequency and prevalence of K ras gene mutations in Pakistani CRC patients. Tissue and blood samples of 150 CRC patients (64% male and 36% female) were used for PCR amplification of K ras and detection of mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. The K ras mutation frequency was found to be 13%, and the most prevalent mutations were found at codons 12 and 13. A novel mutation was also found at codon 31. The dominant mutation observed was a G to A transition. Female patients were more susceptible to K ras mutations, and these mutations were predominant in patients with a nonmetastatic stage of CRC. No significant differences in the prevalence of K ras mutations were observed for patient age, gender, or tumor type. It can be inferred from this study that Pakistani CRC patients have a lower frequency of K ras mutations compared to those observed in other parts of the world, and that K ras mutations seemed to be significantly associated with female patients.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Genes ras/genética , Mutação/genética , Genótipo , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Paquistão , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administered at a dose of 1mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days decreased hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (63
) and increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity (127
). After withdrawal of HgCl2 treatment for 10 days, the LDH and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities showed 56
decrease, respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (AkP) activity increased 4.12 fold. The ICDH activity got normalized. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GDT) was not affected at all. The hepatic LDH, ICDH and GPT activities decreased 58
. At the end of 15 days after PH, the hepatic ICDH activity increased 4.27 fold, while GPT and GOT activities decreased 67
, respectively. The hepatic ICDH activity of PH-rabbit increased 53
, after 5 days of HgCl2 treatment post-PH, while GPT and AkP activities decreased 89
, 10 days after the last dose, while all other enzymes showed normal values. The total body growth rate and relative liver weight decreased under all experimental conditions.