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1.
Med. infant ; 20(3): 229-233, Sept.2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-964272

RESUMO

Objetivo: evaluar eficacia del apósito impregnado con clorhexidina para reducir la colonización y la infección asociada a catéter (IAC). Pacientes y métodos: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, controlado. Cohorte de 77 catéteres en pacientes posquirúrgicos cardiovasculares menores de 1 año y/o 10 kg. Grupo experimental: apósito con Clorhexidina, con curación transparente. Grupo control: apósito transparente. Se compararon características de los pacientes y de los catéteres. Resultados: Los pacientes y la permanencia del catéter fueron similares en ambos grupos. La tasa cruda de IAC fue 5,2% en el grupo control y en el experimental 0% (p= 0,14). Tasa de colonización 15% en el control y 7% en el experimental (p=0,26). El recambio de curaciones fue mayor en el grupo control (1,3 recambios) vs. grupo experimental 0,7 (p= 0,009). Conclusiones: El grupo experimental mostró menor índice de colonización, aunque sin significación estadística Los cambios de curación fueron menores en este grupo (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings to reduce colonization and catheter-related infection (CRI). Patients and methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A cohort of 77 catheters in post-cardiovascular surgical patients younger than 1 year and/or weighing less than 10 kg was assessed. Experimental group: Chlorhexidine-impregnated transparent dressings. Control group: Transparent dressings. Patient and catheter features were compared. Results: Patients and mean catheter insertion duration were similar in both groups. CRI rate was 5.2% in the control group and 0% in the experimental group (p= 0.14). Colonization rate was 15% in the control and 7% in the experimental group (p=0.26). Dressing change was more frequent in the control group: 1.3 changes vs. 0.7 in the experimental group (p= 0.009). Conclusions: Colonization rate was lower in the experimental group, although no statistical significance was found. Dressing changes were less frequent in this group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Bandagens , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Eficácia , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1342306

RESUMO

El consumo y dependencia de sustancias, es un serio problema social con alta morbilidad materno-fetal. El aumento de la oferta y el contexto social favorecedor, permitió que la difusión del consumo sustancias tóxicas ilícitas, conlleve una incidencia creciente en gestantes consumidoras de sustancias y aumento de recién nacidos afectados por las prácticas tóxicas de sus madres. La evaluación del riesgo cuando la gestación es expuesta a las drogas es difícil, los resultados pueden estar sesgados por el consumo concomitante de otros tóxicos o por factores sicológicos y socio-sanitarios desfavorables. Aunque tampoco se definió un patrón específico de anomalías congénitas, se considera que el abuso de drogas, en general, comporta mayor riego de desenlace anómalo del embarazo, por un incremento del riesgo de malformaciones congénitas, debido a la probable teratogenicidad de algunas sustancias o de la morbilidad perinatal afectando el crecimiento fetal o el normal desarrollo del embarazo. También existen posibles repercusiones a largo plazo en la capacidad de aprendizaje y comportamiento de los niños expuestos intraútero, aunque no demostró efectivamente. Por lo tanto, todo embarazo en el que se detecto un hábito tóxico se debe considerar de mayor riesgo, tomando las medidas oportunas para lograr que las pacientes se alejen de éstas prácticas, apoyadas por un equipo multidisciplinario, idealmente antes del inicio del embarazo, lo que implica la adopción de medidas profilácticas de información y concienciación de las mujeres en edad fértil y de apoyo durante el embarazo y la lactancia para el abandono de la dependencia


Illicit drug use and dependence is a serious social problem with high maternal and fetal morbidity. Supply increase and propitious social context allowed that the diffusion of the use of illicit toxic substances entails a growing incidence in pregnant women who use illicit drugs and an increase of newborns affected by the practices of their mothers. Risk evaluation is difficult when gestation is exposed to illicit drugs because the results could be biased by the concomitant consumption of others toxic substances or by psychological and socio-sanitary unfavorable factors. Though a specific pattern of congenital anomalies has not been defined, in general it is considered that drug abuse has an increased risk of anomalous outcomes in pregnancies. This risk is caused by an increase in the risk of congenital malformations due to the probable teratogenicity of some substances or the perinatal morbility affecting the fetal growth or normal pregnancy development. Although it has not been demonstrated effectively, there are also possible long-term repercussions in the learning capacity and behavior of the children exposed intra uterus. In conclusion, all pregnancies exposed to illicit drugs must be considered high risk pregnancies and measures should be taken so that the patients avoid these practices supported by a multidisciplinary team. Ideally, this team should start working before pregnancy implying the adoption of preventive measures such as information and public awareness of women in fertile age and support during pregnancy and maternal lactation


Assuntos
Abuso de Maconha , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína , Uso da Maconha , Lactação , Gravidez , Cocaína , Heroína , Anfetaminas , Dietilamida do Ácido Lisérgico
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: lil-574623

RESUMO

El consumo y dependencia de sustancias, es un serio problema social con alta morbilidad materno-fetal. El aumento de la oferta y el contexto social favorecedor, permitió que la difusión del consumo sustancias tóxicas ilícitas, conlleve una incidencia creciente en gestantes consumidoras de sustancias y aumento de recién nacidos afectados por las prácticas tóxicas de sus madres. La evaluación del riesgo cuando la gestación es expuesta a las drogas es difícil, los resultados pueden estar sesgados por el consumo concomitante de otros tóxicos o por factores sociológicos y socio-sanitarios desfavorables. Aunque tampoco se definió un patrón específico de anomalías congénitas, se considera que el abuso de drogas, en general, comporta mayor riego de desenlace anómalo del embarazo, por un incremento del riesgo de malformaciones congénitas, debido a la probable teratogenicidad de algunas sustancias o de la morbilidad perinatal afectando el crecimiento fetal o el normal desarrollo del embarazo. También existen posibles repercusiones a largo plazo en la capacidad de aprendizaje y comportamiento delos niños expuestos intraútero, aunque no demostró efectivamente. Por lo tanto, todo embarazo en el que se detecto un hábito tóxico se debe considerar de mayor riesgo, tomando las medidas oportunas para lograr que las pacientes se alejen de éstas prácticas, apoyadas por un equipo multidisciplinario, idealmente antes del inicio del embarazo, lo que implica la adopción de medidas profilácticas de información y concienciación de las mujeres en edad fértil y de apoyo durante el embarazo y la lactancia para el abandono de la dependencia.


Illicit drug use and dependence is a serious social problem with high maternal and fetal morbidity. Supply increase and propitious social context allowed that the diffusion of theuse of illicit toxic substances entails a growing incidence in pregnant women who use illicit drugs and an increase of newborns affected by the practices of their mothers. Risk evaluation is difficult when gestation is exposed to illicit drugs because the results could be biased by the concomitant consumption of others toxic substances or by psychological and socio-sanitary unfavorable factors. Though a specific pattern of congenital anomalies has not been defined, in general it is considered that drug abuse has an increased risk ofanomalous outcomes in pregnancies. This risk is caused by an increase in the risk of congenital malformations due to the probable teratogenicity of some substances or the perinatal morbility affecting the fetal growth or normal pregnancy development. Although it has not been demonstrated effectively, there are also possible long-term repercussions in the learning capacity and behavior of the children exposed intra uterus. In conclusion, all pregnancies exposed to illicit drugs must be considered high risk pregnancies and measures should be taken so that the patients avoid these practices supported by a multidisciplinary team. Ideally, this team should start working before pregnancy implying the adoption of preventive measures such as information and public awareness of women in fertile age and support during pregnancy and maternal lactation.


Assuntos
Abuso de Maconha , Dietilamida do Ácido Lisérgico/efeitos adversos , Heroína , Anfetaminas/efeitos adversos , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Lactação
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(3): 287-293, mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-456613

RESUMO

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that infects a significant number of individuals. At present, therapeutic strategies to eradicate this bacterium depend on our knowledge of its resistance to antimicrobials. Aims: To evaluate the primary resistance of H pylori to metronidazole (Mtz), clarithromycin (Cla), and tetracycline (Tet) in symptomatic out-patients. Material and Methods: Fifty independent isolates of H pylori were obtained by endoscopy-assisted gastric biopsy from patients attending the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, that previously had not been treated with an eradication regime against this bacterium. The minimal inhibitory concentration of each antimicrobial was determined by agar dilution method. Results: Forty five and 27 percent of the isolates were found to be resistant to Mtz and Tet, respectively; the majority of these resistant isolates were from patients older than 21 years. Twenty percent of isolates were resistant to Cla; these were distributed evenly among different ages. Thirty two percent of the isolates were resistant to two or more of the antimicrobials. Conclusions: The high frequency of naturally occurring, antimicrobial-resistant strains of H pylori poses a national and world-wide problem for public health.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Distribuição por Idade , Chile , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Resistência a Tetraciclina/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 18(3): 189-193, 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-499048

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that infects a significant number of individuals. In Chile about 79 percent of the population is colonized. Aims: This study evaluate the prevalence of the H. pylori infection in symptomatic outpatients. Materials and Methods: 276 non selected patients were enrolled from Endoscopic Unit of Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The bacterium was detected by urease test. Results: H. pylori infection was found in 44,9 percent patients. Infection was higher in younger patients, 53,8 percent between 21-60 years, and was lower in older patients, 25,6 percent in older than 60 years. The risk of being H. pylori carrier is twofold higher in persons younger than 60 years as compared to those older than 60 years. Conclusion: The age would be modifier factors for H. pylori infection risk.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Helicobacter pylori , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Urease , Chile , Prevalência
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(11): 1313-1320, nov. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-358953

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori is a relevant pathogen for gastroduodenal diseases in human beings. Although its eradication often improves gastroduodenal diseases, H pylori is acquiring an elevated rate of resistance to various antimicrobials, such as metronidazole, clarithromycin, tetracycline and amoxicillin. Multi-drug resistance is a major problem to select the appropriate treatment of infectious diseases. To improve our understanding on the com-plexity of the problem, in this article we review the resistance mechanisms and give an update on H pylori antimicrobial resistance (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1313-20).


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Amoxicilina/farmacologia , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Tetraciclinas/farmacologia , Tetraciclinas/uso terapêutico
7.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 6(1): 11-7, 1995. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-162405

RESUMO

Las lesiones graves de extremidades superiores constituyen un serio desafío de reparación. A pesar de existir múltiples técnicas descritas es bueno incorporar nuevas posibilidades que pueden resolver problemas complejos. El tejido fasciosubcutáneo constituye una unidad anatómica independiente con irrigación rica y bien establecida que permite levantar con seguridad Colgajos Adipofasciales, de reciente aplicación en nuestro medio. Se presentan dos casos de déficit de cobertura en extremidades superiores utilizando Colgajos Adipofasciales con buen resultado. Caso 1: Desforramiento y quemadura profunda extensa de miembro superior derecho con fractura conminuta de codo expuesta. Caso 2: Quemadura eléctrica grave de mano derecha con exposición de tendón y superficie articular metacarpofálica. Los Colgajos Adipofasciales ofrecen múltiples ventajas que favorecen su uso como: Fácil y rápida disección, flexible, deja mínima secuela en zona dadora y permite una rehabilitación precoz reduciendo la estadía hospitalaria


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Tecido Adiposo/transplante , Traumatismos do Braço/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/métodos , Queimaduras , Queimaduras por Corrente Elétrica , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/reabilitação , Reabilitação , Transplante de Pele
8.
Rev. argent. dermatol ; Rev. argent. dermatol;67(1): 23-5, ene.-mar. 1986. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-34330

RESUMO

La picadura por L.L. puede producir diversos cuadros clínicos que varían desde una pequeña ulceración banal hasta el cuadro de L.C.H. Presentamos el aso de un paciente que con un cuadro cutáneo tipo erisipela desarrolla un L.C.H. con fallo renal agudo y signos de hemólisis; Se hace referencia a las características de este tipo de picadura, su importância en nuestro medio. Se señalan pautas de diagnóstico y tratamiento


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Erisipeloide/etiologia , Picada de Aranha/complicações , Picada de Aranha/patologia
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