Brazilian children's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of contextual factors and dimensions / Qualidade de vida de crianças brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19: análise de fatores e dimensões contextuais

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the contextual factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of Brazilian children aged 0-12 years during the strict period of social isolation. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 using an online questionnaire on QOL-related family factors and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Results were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The sample had 849 children, mostly from the South Region of Brazil (75%), white (83%), with typical development (79%), sedentary (68%), using screen (85%) for >3 h/day (44%). Their mothers were their main caregivers (90%). The following variables were significantly associated with high scores of QOL: typical health status (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.60-3.55; screen time ≤2 h/day (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.17-2.24); social distancing considered as "easy" (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.20-2.32), and stimulation of the child by the family (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.08-3.45). Conclusions: This study indicates that the family context can influence children's QOL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and home environment reorganization.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores contextuais associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças brasileiras de zero a 12 anos, em momento de ápice de distanciamento social. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, online, de julho a setembro de 2020, com questionário sobre fatores do contexto familiar associados à QV e Inventário Pediátrico sobre QV — PedsQL™. A análise dos dados foi feita por de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 849 crianças, na maioria da Região Sul (75%), brancas (83%), com desenvolvimento típico (79%), sedentárias (68%), com uso de telas (85%) em tempo >3h/dia (44%). As mães eram as cuidadoras principais (90%). Foram significativamente associadas a escores mais elevados de QV: a condição de saúde típica (odds ratio — OR 2,38; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,60-3,55), o tempo de tela ≤2h/dia (OR 1,62; IC95% 1,17-2,24), o distanciamento social considerado "fácil" (OR 1,67; IC95% 1,20-2,32) e a família afirmar estimular a criança (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,08-3,45). Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que o contexto familiar pode influenciar a QV de crianças, especialmente no período de pandemia e de reorganização do ambiente domiciliar.

The replaceability of the subject in the pandemic postmodernity of the 21st century / La reemplazabilidad del sujeto en la posmodernidad pandémica del siglo xxi

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ABSTRACT Objective: This research article addresses the understanding of the resignification of the concept of love from the transformations generated by the pandemic and the confinement by Covid-19 in Medellín (Colombia) between 2020 and2023, making a brief account of the heuristic memory used for the design, collection and analysis of research information, specifying methodological elements on which the process was based and the ways by which it was possible to come up with new findings; Subsequently, some semantic networks generated in the atlas.ti software are presented with their respective analyzesfrom which a session ofresults and conclusions is projected. Materials and methods: Regarding the investigative structure, four moments were developed. In the first one, the ontoepistemological foundation was developed, for which printed and digital scientific bibliographic sources were used, analyzing more than 250 articles in English and Spanish. The second moment was the development and application of semi-structured interviews to key informants. The third moment was the realization of the panel of experts with the adaptation of the Delphi methodology. The fourth, and last moment, was the analysis of the information collected for the consolidation of the products and results of the research through analysis matrices and the atlas.ti software for qualitative data processing. The research was developed in the city of Medellín from January 2021 to May 2023. The key informants were selected through the intentional sampling model, which responded to the criteria that guided the investigative process. Thus, the main inclusion criteria, for the general population, were being of legal age and having been part of an emotional or family relationship during the period of confinement by Covid-19 in the city of Medellín. The key informants were chosen among consultants of the psychology service, in total, 30 interviews were carried out with the general population. On the other hand, four professionals in psychology were selected whose professional work was related to the attention to the previously described population before, during and after the period of confinement. Finally, four experts were selected to carry out the panel, trained in clinical psychology, social work, sociology and sexology. Results: The data collected was processed through the Atlas.ti software, in which 38files corresponding to the transcripts of interviews with the population, interviews with professionals and panel of experts were collected. Likewise, in the processing of information, six main categories were identified in which 32 emerging codes were grouped, supported by 918 citations of the analyzed instruments. As a result of this research, it has been shown that pandemic postmodernity generated changes regarding the meaning of the concept of love, while exacerbating the characteristic elements of postmodernity, such as the relativization of ties. Added to this is a reality that had a direct impact on such ties, such as the confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, which not only affected people's health, but also caused profound transformations in the social fabric, from in particular, in relational dynamics, as it fostered the permanent use of digital and virtual networks given the mandatory nature of social distancing. In this same logic, the research sought a deep reflection on those new scenarios that were arranged by confinement in the context of postmodernity, particularly analyzing the way in which couples and families began to live new relational experiences in affective matters. . In this way, it is understood that love is a dynamic concept that changes according to the social and contextual particularities that, in this case, generated the pandemic. Among the most significant findings of this research, it is found that, in effect, great and profound transformations have been perceived around the meaning of the concept of love, given that the pandemic and confinement were activators of affective conflicts that had not been processed. in other scenarios. The interviewees state that love has been evolving and that a generational gap is beginning to become evident in the way other generations understood and lived love. In this way, family and couple love have taken on new meanings, which go hand in hand with new structural relational models in emotional and affective contacts. In accordance with the above, a large majority of key informants refer that the rise of the media and, particularly, of social networks, have generated profound effects on the concept of love from the perspective of the couple and the family, basing such changes in the amount of time invested in the use of devices and in the relational logics that are established through the different social networks, in which the possibility of meeting hundreds of people is established, having hundreds of close contacts, but, most of the time, without the possibility of generating deep ties. Conclusions: It is concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the use of digital platforms and, consequently, new relational scenarios were consolidated that continue to feed relativism and the link fragility of postmodernity. When carrying out the analysis of the information obtained during the field work, it is possible to recognize some common discourses among the people who participated in the investigation. In this logic, one could speak of interpretations and conceptualizations that have simply begun to be part of the social construct, perhaps as a kind of imaginary in which ideas that become commonplace are simply accepted, which are influenced, or in some cases cases even defined by the massive consumption of content on social networks. Addressing the theme of love was, as anticipated in the onto-epistemological foundation of the research, dealing with a topic in which all people have something to contribute and about which there is always something to say. Added to this approach is the issue of the pandemic, another reality about which all human beings of the present time have something to say, as it is a recent event that affected the lives of all people. Both realities, love and the pandemic, run the risk of falling into subjectivity, taking into account that they end up being personal experiences that may be far from constructions based on an epistemological reflection and of which it can be said that emotions, sensations andfeelings prevail feelings when trying to talk about them.

Accessibility in video games for the visually impaired population in Colombia / Accesibilidad en los videojuegos para población con discapacidad visual en colombia

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ABSTRACT In recent years, the change in the design of video games has become evident, one of them is accessibility for people with different disabilities, despite the laws, which are very limited, there are no standards that require companies, industries and producers from different sectors implement this resource in their projects. From this research, the objective is to investigate the importance that these inclusion games comply with the response to stimuli provided by the industry, in this field, and that the support that the country is giving to this need to be felt is also felt. this visually impaired population. Based on the mixed research methodology, different sources are investigated in order to demonstrate how necessary it is that there are models of inclusion in video games, both entertainment and educational (serious), thus reaching an identity model that. The lack of laws and resources that promote this industry is evidenced. The project made it possible to describe the main strategies and resources that have been proposed and/or implemented in terms of accessibility for people with visual disabilities in Colombia, investigating and comparing the information obtained from the state of the art, and in this way conclude with the impact of these development methods, in the visually impaired population. An important impact has been the technological evolution that other countries have managed to develop for this type of population. As a conclusion, a disparity was found in the development of this project, which is precisely the little accessibility that people with visual disabilities have to video games in Colombia, because beyond the interaction that exists with some, much more access is required. And above all more investment and enactment of laws that support this resource. Using the mixed research methodology, different sources are investigated in order to demonstrate how necessary it is that there are models of inclusion in video games, both entertainment and educational (serious), thus reaching an identity pattern that gives as shows the lack of laws and resources that promote this industry. From this type of research, it was concluded that the lack of resources has been a legible mark that passes through these industries that have the panorama quite compromised by the demands of the market, but that due to this lack of economic resources they cannot reach the levels of implementation. to its mission and vision. Observing what was said above, it becomes complex to be able to carry out a research that clearly defines the inclusion processes for this type of people with said disability in Colombia. Each model of each industry is defined in a different way, since not all of them have this offer in their services. Common to this type of population. What, then, allowed us to conclude this research, finding social differences in each production of a video game? The project allowed us to describe the main strategies that have been proposed and/or implemented in terms of accessibility for people with visual disabilities in Colombia, investigating and comparing the information obtained from the state of the art, as mentioned above. Thus, then, different responses were found to this inclusion, not only in entertainment games but also in educational ones, which in the end are also very important in the classroom, because not only should one think about the distraction game, but also about the playful nature of teaching, thus helping teachers in the development of their classes. In this way, we conclude with the impact of these development methods on the visually impaired population. Another important point that could be evidenced is the evolution of technology, which has brought haptic systems, immersive and dynamic audio, as well as braille itself in digital systems, this, of course, has allowed progress towards much more logical and dynamic resources, but they continue to be limited precisely because they cannot be implemented correctly, due to their high purchasing value. We must think not of people who suffer from visual disabilities, but rather we must think of all social strata with this type of disability who can, with their resources, access this type of technology. Each part of the intervention exercise with state and private companies led to results that concluded in the population with visual disabilities that does not have the possibility of accessing this exercise of inclusion, and beyond the common interest in popularizing these video games, the limitation of certain sectors is seen that do not find in this undertaking a great industry, since the majority assures that it is more lucrative to invest in video games for people without no limitation or disability than investing in this other type of video game In conclusion, the disabled population in Colombia is 3,134,037; this number is very high if we also consider the rural populations that live without any type of resource or technological reach; Due to their socioeconomic condition and location, they are people who have a deterioration in services, then what is the extent of the disabled population in these areas that do not have the support and resources to improve their quality of life? It is almost null, there is no possibility that in the most vulnerable places and far from the reach of the government, inclusion exercises will be carried out with the visually disabled population, because simply in the last population census that was carried out in Colombia in 2018, more than 50% of the population They do not access the Internet, this added to governments that waste state money, it could be said that the level exceeds that percentage. If so, it is very possible that the reach of this population to these technological resources is very bad. A lot of economic investment is required on the part of the state, and for the designers of these technologies to expand to cover their creative enterprises, to the entire population, without the right to exclusion. For this reason, in this project a disparity is evident, which is precisely the little accessibility that people with visual disabilities have to video games in Colombia, not only from entertainment, but from their spaces in the classroom, which is what many demands. academics for their models and resources to work with this population, because beyond the interaction that exists with some (very few), much more access is still required and above all more investment and enactment of laws that support said resource.

Prevalência de Influenza A, vírus sincicial respiratório eSARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com síndrome respiratóriaaguda grave em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of Influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus andSARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratorysyndrome in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.

Ética Clínica, Social y de Salud Pública: reflexiones y desafíos en la atención a dilemas éticos / Clinical, Social and Public Health: reflections and challenges in addressing ethical dilemmas

RESUMEN Introducción: este estudio vincula premisas y fundamentaciones éticas, para el análisis de dimensiones involucradas en el diseño de políticas públicas de salud y reformas de salud, desde la perspectiva social, del ámbito clínico y de salud pública. Metodología: se utilizaron recursos tecnológicos y plataformas de búsqueda, aplica criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar artículos originales relevantes, a través de revisión sistematizada de la literatura, en bases de datos Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, en inglés y español, acerca de la ética desde la perspectiva clínica, social y de la salud pública, organizando la información en tablas científicas. Resultados: las condiciones de vida digna de individuos de cualquier estrato social, se relacionan a las garantías de atención sanitaria y preservación de condiciones de vida que impactan directamente en la salud y el bienestar, debiendo ser respaldados por las instituciones y la sociedad. Conclusión: los marcos regulatorios, conectados a los derechos humanos, deben garantizar el acceso equitativo a la atención a la salud, sin discriminación, en el marco de la participación comunitaria, la privacidad y el dialogo social, influyendo en la formulación de políticas, la rendición de cuentas, la prevención de conflictos de interés y la evaluación continua de la efectividad, conducentes al más alto impacto de las intervenciones en salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: this study links ethical premises and foundations to analyze the dimensions involved in the design of public health policies and health reforms from a social, clinical and public health perspective. Methodology: technological resources and search platforms, applications of inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select relevant original articles, through a systematic review of the literature, in Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science databases, in English and Spanish, about ethics from the clinical, social and public health perspective, organizing the information in scientific tables. Results: the decent living conditions of individuals from any social stratum are related to the guarantees of health care and preservation of living conditions that directly impact health and well-being, and must be supported by institutions and society. Conclusion: regulatory frameworks, connected to human rights, must guarantee equitable access to health care, without discrimination, within the framework of community participation, privacy and social dialogue, influencing policy formulation, accountability, prevention of conflicts of interest and continuous evaluation of effectiveness, leading to the highest impact of health interventions.

COVID-19 y medidas de protección adoptadas en comunidades rurales amazónicas durante los primeros meses de la pandemia / COVID-19 and protection measures adopted in rural amazon communities during the first months of the pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivos. Analizar la evolución del COVID-19 en poblaciones rurales de Loreto y Ucayali en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal a nivel de comunidades basado en dos rondas de encuestas telefónicas con autoridades locales de más de 400 comunidades rurales indígenas y no-indígenas en Loreto y Ucayali, en julio y agosto de 2020, para recopilar información sobre casos y muertes por COVID-19 en sus comunidades, medidas de protección adoptadas y la recepción de asistencia estatal en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Estadísticas descriptivas permiten evaluar la evolución de la pandemia después del brote inicial y comparar las tendencias de las dos regiones, así como entre poblaciones indígenas y no-indígenas. Resultados. En julio de 2020, el COVID-19 había llegado al 91,5% de las comunidades, aunque se reportaron muertes por COVID-19 en 13,0% de las comunidades, siendo la mortalidad rural mayor en Ucayali (0,111%) que en Loreto (0,047%) y en comunidades no-indígenas. Para agosto, la prevalencia disminuyó de 44,0% a 32,0% de comunidades, pero se volvió más frecuente en las comunidades indígenas, y aquellas en Ucayali. Viajar a la ciudad para recibir bonos estatales y las dificultades para mantener el distanciamiento social contribuyeron al contagio. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos mostraron la evolución del COVID-19 en comunidades rurales y señalan áreas importantes de atención en futuras políticas públicas, para la adopción de medidas de protección y reconsiderar estrategias para la distribución de asistencia ante pandemias futuras.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To analyze the evolution of COVID-19 in rural populations of Loreto and Ucayali in the early stage of the pandemic. Materials and methods. A community-level longitudinal observational study was conducted and based on two rounds of telephone surveys with local authorities of more than 400 indigenous and non-indigenous rural communities in Loreto and Ucayali, in July and August 2020. We collected information on cases and deaths by COVID-19 in their communities, protective measures adopted and if state assistance was received in the early stage of the pandemic. Descriptive statistics allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the pandemic after the initial outbreak and compare the trends of the two regions, as well as between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Results. In July 2020, COVID-19 had reached 91.5% of the communities, although deaths from COVID-19 were reported in 13.0% of the communities, with rural mortality being higher in Ucayali (0.111%) than in Loreto (0.047%) and in non-indigenous communities. By August, prevalence decreased from 44.0% to 32.0% of communities, but became more frequent in indigenous communities, and those in Ucayali. Traveling to the city to receive state bonuses and difficulties maintaining social distancing contributed to the spread. Conclusions. Our findings show the evolution of COVID-19 in rural communities and point to important areas of attention in future public policies, for the adoption of protective measures and reconsidering strategies for the distribution of assistance in the face of future pandemics.

Exceso de muertes en argentina durante la pandemia por COVID-19: análisis de la mortalidad entre 2020 y 2022 / Excess deaths in Argentina during the COVID-19 pan demic: analysis of mortality between 2020 and 2022

Resumen Los reportes del exceso de mortalidad durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Argentina han sido parcia les y fragmentados hasta el momento. Este estudio se propuso cuantificar el exceso de muertes y explorar su distribución demográfica, temporal y geográfica durante el periodo 2020-2022. Utilizando datos de 1 192 963 registros de muertes de estadísticas vitales y proyecciones poblacionales, se estimó la mortalidad esperada mediante modelos de regresión. El exceso de muertes se calculó como la diferencia entre la mortalidad observada y la esperada. Se estimó un exceso de 160 676 muertes (IC 95% 146 861 a 174 491), representando una tasa de 116.9 muer tes (IC 95% 115.5 a 118.3) adicionales por cada 100 000 personas-año. Se verificó una significativa heterogenei dad entre las distintas provincias argentinas. Los resultados indican un impacto desigual de la pandemia, con mayores tasas de exceso de mortalidad en algunas regiones y grupos de edad más vulnerables. Estos patrones sugieren la necesidad de estrategias diferenciadas de respuesta sanitaria y apoyo a las poblaciones más vulnerables en escenarios de nuevas epidemias.

Abstract Reports of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pan demic in Argentina have been partial and fragmented so far. This study aimed to quantify excess deaths and explore their demographic, temporal, and geographic distribution during the period 2020-2022. Using data from 1 192 963 death records from vital statistics and population projections, expected mortality was estimated using regression models. Excess death was calculated as the difference between observed and expected mortality. An excess of 160 676 deaths (95% CI 146 861 to 174 491) was estimated, representing a rate of 116.9 (95% CI 115.5 to 118.3) additional deaths per 100 000 person-years. Significant heterogeneity was found among the different argentine provinces. The results indicate an uneven impact of the pan demic, with higher excess mortality rates in some re gions and more vulnerable age groups. These patterns suggest the need for differentiated strategies of health care response and support to the most vulnerable popu lations in scenarios of new epidemics.

Experiencias de mujeres en la atención del parto institucional en tiempos de la primera y segunda ola de COVID en México / Women's experiences in institutional childbirth care in times of the first and second waves of COVID in Mexico

Resumen Estudio de tipo cualitativo que explora las perspectivas y experiencias de un grupo de mujeres mexicanas que vivieron la atención institucionalizada del parto en la primera y segunda ola de la pandemia por COVID-19. A través de un guión semiestructurado se entrevistó a nueve mujeres que vivieron la experiencia de la atención del parto entre marzo y octubre de 2020, en hospitales públicos y privados de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, en México. Bajo la propuesta de análisis de la teoría fundamentada, se identificó que las estrategias sanitarias implementadas en el marco de la pandemia, trajeron consigo un retroceso en la garantía del parto humanizado, las mujeres se narraron desconfiadas en los protocolos que siguió el personal para la atención de sus partos en los hospitales del sector público y muy confiadas en los que se implementaron en el sector privado. La realización de cesáreas sin una justificación clara emergió como una constante, igual que la separación temprana de los binomios. Continúa frágil la disposición y el convencimiento del personal sanitario y las instituciones para garantizar, proteger y defender el derecho de las mujeres a vivir el parto libre de violencia. Persisten resistencias para repensar la atención del parto desde un paradigma no biomédicalizante.

Abstract This is a qualitative study that explores the perspectives and experiences of a group of Mexican women who experienced institutionalized childbirth care in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a semi-structured script, nine women who experienced childbirth care were interviewed between March and October 2020 in public and private hospitals in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Under the Grounded Theory analysis proposal, it was identified that the health strategies implemented during the pandemic brought with them a setback in the guarantee of humanized childbirth. Women described themselves as distrustful of the protocols that personnel followed to attend to their births in public sector hospitals and very confident in those implemented in the private sector. The intervention of cesarean sections without a clear justification emerged as a constant, as did early dyad separation. Healthcare personnel's and institutions' willingness and conviction to guarantee, protect and defend the right of women to experience childbirth free of violence remain fragile. Resistance persists to rethink childbirth care from a non-biomedicalizing paradigm.

Comparación del rendimiento clínico de dos años de pandemia COVID-19 en la atención odontológica de un Centro Docente Asistencial

Objetivo: Comparar el rendimiento clínico odontológico de dos años de pandemia COVID-19 con dos años prepandemia y certificar los procesos de seguridad sanitaria en la prevención de COVID-19, en un centro docente asistencial. Método: Se estudió retrospectiva y descriptivamente (años 2018-2021); A: El rendimiento clínico comparativo entre dos años de pandemia versus dos años prepandemia, incluyendo: pacientes que solicitaron atención, pacientes citados, tratamientos efectuados, horas de actividad clínica y edad pacientes; B:Acreditación externa del cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas COVID-19. Resultados: A: Comparado con el promedio histórico, durante la pandemia la cantidad de pacientes que solicitó atención aumentó 64,46%; los pacientes citados disminuyeron -13,89%; el total de tratamientos se redujo -2,4%; la cantidad tratamientos el año 2020 se redujeron -41,28% y el año 2021 se incrementaron en 47,33%, la edad media no presentó diferencias significativas(p=0,0001). Los datos presentaron alta confiabilidad (Alfa=0,939) B: La Mutual de Seguridad acreditó el centro con 97% de cumplimiento. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia se incrementó la solicitud por atención odontológica. El primer año, la pandemia redujo severamente la atención, la que se incrementó significativamente al segundo año. El total de tratamientos efectuados se redujo levemente en el período de pandemia comparado con los dos años previos.

Objective: To compare the clinical dental performance of two years of COVID-19 pandemic with two years pre-pandemic and to certify the health safety processes in the prevention of COVID-19 in a teaching health care center. Method: We studied retrospectively and descriptively (years 2018-2021); A: The comparative clinical performance between two pandemic years and two pre-pandemic years, including patients who requested care, patients cited, treatments performed, hours of clinical activity and patient age; B: External accreditation of the compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Results: A: Compared to the historical average, during the pandemic, the number of patients requesting care increased by 64.46%; the number of patients cited decreased by -13.89%; the total number of treatments decreased by -2.4%; the number of treatments in 2020 decreased by -41.28% and in 2021 increased by 47.33%; the mean age did not show significant differences (p=0.0001). The data presented high reliability (Alpha=0.939) B: The Chilean Safety Association accredited the center with 97% of compliance. Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for dental care increased. In the first year, the pandemic severely reduced care, which increased significantly in the second year. The total number of treatments performed was slightly reduced in the pandemic period compared to previous years.

Experiencia laboral y percepción del personal sanitario de Perú durante la pandemia de COVID-19

La pandemia de COVID-19 representó un gran desafío para los profesionales de la salud de Perú, debido al riesgo elevado de contagio, la sobrecarga laboral y afectación de la salud mental. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias laborales y percepciones del personal sanitario de este país durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales de la salud pública en Perú entre mayo y diciembre del año 2020. Las mismas fueron grabadas y transcritas para la recolección de la información, las cuales se analizaron en categorías. Resultados: En las entrevistas realizadas se destacaron los desafíos organizativos y de recursos, como la escasez de equipos de protección personal y gestión burocrática. Se resaltó el impacto humano y social en términos de comunicación, empatía y reevaluación de valores personales. Se observó adaptaciones significativas en la práctica médica, con énfasis en el manejo de pacientes y la capacitación. Conclusiones: Las experiencias clínicas y emocionales reflejaron los retos y motivaciones del personal sanitario durante la pandemia; en el que se demostró la necesidad de una mayor adaptabilidad y preparación, así como la importancia del bienestar emocional y social.

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a great challenge for health professionals in Peru, due to the high risk of contagion, work overload, and impact on mental health. Objective: Describe the work experiences and perceptions of health personnel in this country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out, in which eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with public health professionals in Peru between May and December 2020. They were recorded and transcribed for the collection of information, which were analyzed in categories. Results: Organizational and resource challenges were highlighted in the interviews conducted, such as the shortage of personal protective equipment and bureaucratic management. The human and social impact was highlighted in terms of communication, empathy and reevaluation of personal values. Significant adaptations were observed in medical practice, with emphasis on patient management and training. Conclusions: The clinical and emotional experiences reflected the challenges and motivations of healthcare personnel during the pandemic; in which the need for greater adaptability and preparation was demonstrated, as well as the importance of emotional and social well-being.

A pandemia da COVID-19 representou um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde no Peru, devido ao alto risco de contágio, sobrecarga de trabalho e impacto na saúde mental. Objetivo: Descrever as experiências de trabalho e percepções do pessoal de saúde neste país durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo fenomenológico qualitativo, no qual foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde pública no Peru entre maio e dezembro de 2020. Elas foram gravadas e transcritas para a coleta de informações. Resultados: Os desafios organizacionais e de recursos foram destacados nas entrevistas realizadas, como a escassez de equipamentos de proteção individual e a gestão burocrática. O impacto humano e social foi destacado em termos de comunicação, empatia e reavaliação de valores pessoais. Adaptações significativas foram observadas na prática médica, com ênfase no manejo e treinamento dos pacientes. Conclusões: As experiências clínicas e emocionais refletiram os desafios e motivações dos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia; em que foi demonstrada a necessidade de maior adaptabilidade e preparação, bem como a importância do bem-estar emocional e social.

Experiencia laboral y percepción del personal sanitario de Perú durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Work experience and perception of health personnel in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic / Experiência de trabalho e percepção do pessoal de saúde no Peru durante a pandemia de COVID-19

La pandemia de COVID-19 representó un gran desafío para los profesionales de la salud de Perú, debido al riesgo elevado de contagio, la sobrecarga laboral y afectación de la salud mental. Objetivo: describir las experiencias laborales y percepciones del personal sanitario de este país durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales de la salud pública en Perú entre mayo y diciembre del año 2020. Las mismas fueron grabadas y transcritas para la recolección de la información, las cuales se analizaron en categorías. Resultados: en las entrevistas realizadas se destacaron los desafíos organizativos y de recursos, como la escasez de equipos de protección personal y gestión burocrática. Se resaltó el impacto humano y social en términos de comunicación, empatía y reevaluación de valores personales. Se observó adaptaciones significativas en la práctica médica, con énfasis en el manejo de pacientes y la capacitación. Conclusiones: las experiencias clínicas y emocionales reflejaron los retos y motivaciones del personal sanitario durante la pandemia; en el que se demostró la necesidad de una mayor adaptabilidad y preparación, así como la importancia del bienestar emocional y social.

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a great challenge for health professionals in Peru, due to the high risk of contagion, work overload, and impact on mental health. Objective: describe the work experiences and perceptions of health personnel in this country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: a qualitative phenomenological study was carried out, in which eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with public health professionals in Peru between May and December 2020. They were recorded and transcribed for the collection of information, which were analyzed in categories. Results: organizational and resource challenges were highlighted in the interviews conducted, such as the shortage of personal protective equipment and bureaucratic management. The human and social impact was highlighted in terms of communication, empathy and reevaluation of personal values. Significant adaptations were observed in medical practice, with emphasis on patient management and training. Conclusions: the clinical and emotional experiences reflected the challenges and motivations of healthcare personnel during the pandemic; in which the need for greater adaptability and preparation was demonstrated, as well as the importance of emotional and social well-being

A pandemia da COVID-19 representou um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde no Peru, devido ao alto risco de contágio, sobrecarga de trabalho e impacto na saúde mental. Objetivo: descrever as experiências de trabalho e percepções do pessoal de saúde neste país durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo fenomenológico qualitativo, no qual foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde pública no Peru entre maio e dezembro de 2020. Elas foram gravadas e transcritas para a coleta de informações. Resultados: os desafios organizacionais e de recursos foram destacados nas entrevistas realizadas, como a escassez de equipamentos de proteção individual e a gestão burocrática. O impacto humano e social foi destacado em termos de comunicação, empatia e reavaliação de valores pessoais. Adaptações significativas foram observadas na prática médica, com ênfase no manejo e treinamento dos pacientes. Conclusões: as experiências clínicas e emocionais refletiram os desafios e motivações dos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia; em que foi demonstrada a necessidade de maior adaptabilidade e preparação, bem como a importância do bem-estar emocional e social

Diabetes tipo 1 en pediatría durante la pandemia por COVID-19: tiempo de evolución de síntomas y formas de presentación en un centro de referencia / Type 1 diabetes in pediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Time from symptom onset and forms of presentation at a referral hospital

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó la atención de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Además, se reportó un aumento de cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) como forma de diagnóstico. Objetivos. Evaluar si durante la pandemia por COVID-19 se modificaron el tiempo de evolución de síntomas, las causas de hospitalización por DM1 y la proporción de formas graves, y describir la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en estos pacientes. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal que incluyó pacientes menores de 19 años hospitalizados por DM1 en un centro pediátrico de referencia de marzo de 2018 a agosto de 2019 (prepandemia) y de marzo de 2020 a agosto de 2021 (pandemia). Resultados. Se analizaron 231 internaciones, 135 prepandemia y 96 en pandemia. Los pacientes con debut diabético presentaron menor tiempo de evolución de síntomas en pandemia que en prepandemia (18,8 ± 10,2 vs. 52,1 ±12,1 días, respectivamente; p <0,001). Las hospitalizaciones por todas las formas de debut diabético y el debut con CAD fueron más frecuentes en pandemia que en prepandemia (59,4 % vs. 39,3 %; OR 2,3; IC95% 1,3-3,8; p = 0,003); y (40,6 % vs. 20,7 %; OR 2,6; IC95% 1,4-5,2; p = 0,006) respectivamente. La proporción de formas graves de CAD no se modificó entre ambos períodos (48,1 % vs. 59,9 %; p = 0,3). Solo 6 pacientes presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2; 3 fueron formas graves. Conclusión. Durante la pandemia, disminuyó el tiempo de evolución de síntomas y aumentó la frecuencia de hospitalizaciones por debut de DM1, con mayor proporción de CAD. No se modificó la proporción de formas graves de CAD

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the health care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). An increase in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as a form of diagnosis was reported. Objectives. To assess whether there were changes in the time from symptom onset, the causes of hospitalization due to DM1, and the proportion of severe forms, and to describe SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study in patients younger than 19 years hospitalized due to DM1 from March 2018 to August 2019 (pre-pandemic) and from March 2020 to August 2021 (pandemic). Results. The assessment included 135 hospitalizations in the pre-pandemic period and 96 during the pandemic. The time from symptom onset during the pandemic in those with debutof diabetes was shorter than in the pre-pandemic period (18.8 ± 10.2 versus 52.1 ± 12.1 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Hospitalizations due to all forms of diabetes debut and debut with DKA were more common during the pandemic than before it (59.4% versus 39.3%; odds ratio [OR]: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3­3.8; p = 0.003 and 40.6% versus 20.7%; OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4­5.2; p = 0.006, respectively). Severe forms of DKA did not change between both periods (48.1% versus 59.9%; p = 0.3). Only 6 patients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection; 3 were severe. Conclusion. During the pandemic, the time from symptom onset decreased and the frequency of hospitalizations due to debut of DM1 increased. The proportion of severe forms of DKA did not change.

Emoções e estratégias adotadas por brasileiros e portugueses durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Emotions and strategies adopted by brazilians and portuguese during the covid-19 pandemic / Emociones y estrategias adoptadas por brasileños y portugueses durante lapandemia de covid-19

Introdução:No final de 2019 um novo coronavírus com alta taxa de transmissibilidade foi identificado na China. Em março de 2020a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou apandemia de Covid-19. Apandemiateve impacto na vida dos indivíduos, das famílias e da sociedade em geral. As pessoas tiveram dese adaptar à nova realidadee manifestaram diferentes emoçõese sentimentosdevido à situação pandêmica. As emoções vividas eo isolamento social necessário motivarama adoção de estratégias por parte das pessoas para se sentirem mais adaptadas e equilibradas anível físico e mental no seu dia a dia.Objetivo:O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as emoções, sentimentose estratégias adotadas por brasileiros e portugueses durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Metodologia:Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, realizada através de um questionário sociodemográfico com perguntas abertas e fechadas, efetuadono Google Forms, aplicado onlineem maio de 2020. Noquestionário foram abordadas as emoções e estratégias desenvolvidas e adotadas pelos 438 entrevistados (257 brasileiros;181 portugueses) durante a pandemia.A análise dosdados foi realizada através deestatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo temática.Resultados:Verificou-se que nos dois países, as emoções mais manifestadas foram medo e tristeza e as principais estratégias adotadas foram a criação de horários com rotinas diárias eexercício físicomas também algumas estratégias diferentes entre brasileiros e portugueses.Conclusões:Em momentos de crise pessoas de diferentes culturas experienciam emoções semelhantes tais como medo e tristeza e ajustam as suas rotinas diárias criando diferentes estratégias para enfrentar a adversidade de acordo com o seu contexto sociocultural (AU).

Introduction:At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus with a high transmissibility rate was identified in China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic situation has had an impact on people's lives, families, and society.People had to adapt to the new reality and expressed different emotions and feelings due to the pandemic situation. The emotions experienced and the necessary social isolation motivated people to adopt strategies to feel more adapted and balanced on a physical and mental level in their daily lives. Objective: This article aims to describe and analyze the emotions, feelings and strategies adopted by Brazilians and Portuguese during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology:This study is part of a broader research, carriedout using a sociodemographic questionnaire with open and closed questions, carried out on Google Forms, applied online in May 2020. The questionnaire addressed the emotions and strategies developed and adopted by the 438 interviewees (257 Brazilians and 181 Portuguese) during the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Results: It was found that in both countries, the most expressed emotions were fear and sadness and the main strategies adopted were the creation of schedules with daily routines and physical exercise but also some different strategies between Brazilians and Portuguese. Conclusions: In times of crisis, people from different cultures experience similar emotions such as fear and sadness and adjust their daily routines, creating different strategies to face adversity according to their sociocultural context (AU).

Introducción: A finales de 2019, se identificó en China un nuevo coronavirus con una alta tasa de transmisibilidad. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la pandemia de Covid-19. La situación de pandemia ha repercutido en la vida de las personas, las familias y la sociedad. Las personas han tenido que adaptarse a la nueva realidad. En este contexto pandémico, las personas han expresado diferentes emociones y sentimientos debido a la nueva realidad social que han experimentado, y han creado estrategias para sentirse más adaptadas y equilibradas a nivel físico y mental en su vida diaria.Objetivo: Identificar y describir las principales emociones y sentimientos experimentados por brasileños y portugueses, así como crear estrategias para adaptarse a la situación durante el periodo de bloqueo de la pandemia Covid-19.Metodología:Este estudio forma parte de una encuesta más amplia, llevada a cabo mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, realizado en Google Forms, aplicado onlineen mayo de 2020, que indagaba sobre las emociones y los sentimientos experimentados en relación con la situación de pandemia y las estrategias creadas. La muestra fue de 438 participantes, 181 portugueses y 257 brasileños. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis del discurso.Resultados: En ambos países, el miedo y la tristeza fueron las emociones más expresadas. La mayoría de las estrategias utilizadas fueron el establecimiento de un horario y el ejercicio físico, pero también hubo algunas estrategias diferentes entre brasileños y portugueses.Conclusiones: En momentos de crisis, personas de diferentes culturas experimentan emociones similares como el miedo y la tristeza y ajustan sus rutinas diarias creando diferentes estrategias para enfrentar la adversidad de acuerdo con su contexto sociocultural (AU).

Trabalho remoto no contexto da covid-19: representações de docentes idosos sobre a reconfiguração do ensino viabilizado por tecnologias eletrônicas/digitais / Remote work in the context of Covid-19: representations of elderly teachers about the reconfiguration of teaching enabled by electronic/digital technologies

Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos se evidenciam nos novos modos de viver, de se relacionar, de se comunicar, se informar e de se autocuidar. Pessoas idosas têm utilizado cada vez mais aparatos tecnológicos para manterem-se informadas e fomentar interação social. Na pandemia da Covid-19, as tecnologias eletrônicas/digitais foram cruciais no campo da educação, com a implantação do ensino remoto. Professores idosos precisaram readequar suas práticas de trabalho. O ensino remoto emergiu como uma novidade a ser compreendida, gerando novos saberes e novas práticas. Objetivos: Conhecer as representações sociais sobre o trabalho remoto viabilizado por tecnologias eletrônicas/digitais para os professores idosos em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19; identificar as ferramentas on-line utilizadas por eles; analisar as estratégias aplicadas para lidar com tais tecnologias e descrever as reconfigurações de formas de trabalho on-line praticadas durante a pandemia de Covid-19 à luz de suas representações sociais. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, analítica, com referencial da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 15 docentes idosos, captados por bola de neve. A coleta de dados foi por instrumento estruturado sobre o perfil psicosociodemográfico e semiestruturado para a entrevista em profundidade. Aplicou-se a estatística descritiva e percentual nos dados do perfil e o software Alceste nas entrevistas. Resultados: Participaram 13(87%) mulheres e dois (13%) homens, com idade entre 60 e 78 anos. Os dados majoritários são: nove (60%) com Pós-graduação stricto sensu, nove (60%) trabalham em instituições públicas, 13 (87%) trabalham mais de oito horas por dia, e 11 (73%) atuam no ensino superior. O processamento das entrevistas indicou 71% de aproveitamento, com geração de cinco classes lexicais. Os docentes idosos aderiram ao ensino remoto, mas com sobrecargas e inseguranças pela pandemia, potencializadas pela necessidade de aprender novas formas de ensinar no decorrer do próprio trabalho. As representações sociais se organizaram na relação entre aluno, professor e espaço virtual, com esforços cognitivos e afetivos de reinterpretação da sala de aula, da aula em si, da relação professor-aluno e das formas de ensinar e aprender. O ensino remoto evidenciou as desigualdades sociais dos grupos e a precariedade do acesso às redes, culminando em baixa participação nas atividades. A readequação da rotina com reconfiguração do cotidiano implicou em reorganização pessoal-laboral e novos aprendizados para manusear os equipamentos virtuais, bem como as novas estratégias de ensino mais participativas. Houve ampliação da carga horária de trabalho, adensamento das responsabilidades que reverberou na saúde física, mental e emocional dos docentes idosos. Conclusão: Políticas públicas de inserção tecnológica e inclusão digital são urgentes, pois ficaram evidentes a capacidade dos docentes idosos de se reinventarem para atenderem às demandas da pandemia de Covid-19. A educação permanente é uma estratégia para que os professores se atualizem e aprendam a lidar com os equipamentos e recursos eletrônicos/digitais com mais eficiência. Conhecer o contexto do trabalho e o quanto o docente idoso está apto para desempenhar suas funções são condições para se traçar estratégias inclusivas nas novas modalidades de ensino, além de cuidados planejados alinhados ao seu cotidiano e às suas condições de realização para bem cuidá-lo.

Introduction: Technological advances are evident in new ways of living, relating, communicating, getting information, and self-care. Elderly people have increasingly used technological devices to stay informed and encourage social interaction. In the Covid-19 pandemic, electronic/digital technologies were crucial in the field of education, with the implementation of remote teaching. Elderly teachers needed to readapt their work practices. Remote teaching emerged as a novelty to be understood, generating new knowledge and new practices. Objectives: To understand social representations about remote work made possible by electronic/digital technologies for elderly teachers in times of the Covid-19 pandemic; identify the online tools they use; analyze the strategies applied to deal with such technologies and describe the reconfigurations and forms of online work practiced during the Covid-19 pandemic in light of their social representations. Method: Qualitative, analytical research, concerning the Theory of Social Representations. 15 elderly teachers participated, captured through snowball sampling. Data collection will be done using a structured instrument on the psycho-sociodemographic profile and semi-structured for in-depth interviews. Descriptive and percentage statistics were applied to the profile data and the Alceste software was applied to the interviews. Results: 13 (87%) women and two (13%) men participated, aged between 60 and 78 years. The majority of data are nine (60%) with a stricto sensu postgraduate degree, nine (60%) work in public institutions, 13 (87%) work more than eight hours a day, and 11 (73%) work in higher education. The processing of the interviews indicated 71% success, with the generation of five lexical classes. Elderly teachers joined remote teaching, but with overloads and insecurities due to the pandemic, heightened by the need to learn new ways of teaching in the course of their work. Social representations were organized in the relationship between student, teacher, and virtual space, with cognitive and affective efforts to reinterpret the classroom, the class itself, the teacher-student relationship, and the ways of teaching and learning. Remote teaching highlighted the social inequalities of the groups and the precariousness of access to networks, culminating in low participation in activities. The readjustment of the routine with the reconfiguration of daily life resulted in personal-work reorganization and new learning to use virtual equipment, as well as new, more participatory teaching strategies. There was an increase in the working hours, and an increase in responsibilities that had an impact on the physical, mental, and emotional health of elderly teachers. Conclusion: Public policies for technological insertion and digital inclusion are urgent, as the ability of elderly teachers to reinvent themselves to meet the demands of the Covid-19 pandemic has become evident. Continuing education is a strategy for teachers to update themselves and learn to deal with electronic/digital equipment and resources more efficiently. Knowing the context of the work and how able the elderly teacher are to perform their duties are conditions for designing inclusive strategies in new teaching modalities, in addition to planned care aligned with their daily lives and their conditions for providing good care.

Affectivity and job satisfaction in Latin American workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cluster analysis / Afectividad y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores latinoamericanos durante la pandemia COVID-19: Análisis de conglomerados

Abstract Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have experienced sudden changes in their lives, especially in their work dynamics. In this context, the balance of positive and negative affective experiences can influence workers' job satisfaction. Objectives: Explore the levels of job satisfaction, related to positive and negative affect, in a group of Latin American workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The sample included 594 Latin American workers (M = 38, aged between 18 and 60; SD = 10.47), of both sexes, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire online and two psychological measures of affect and job satisfaction. Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means were used as methods. Results: Four worker groups were identified: Group 1, high levels of positive and negative affect with high job satisfaction; Group 2, low levels of positive and negative affect with low job satisfaction; Group 3, high levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect with high job satisfaction; Group 4, low levels of positive affect and high levels of negative affect with low job satisfaction. Conclusions: Groups with high levels of positive affect experienced high job satisfaction, while groups with high or low levels of negative affect and low levels of positive affect experienced low job satisfaction.

Resumen Introducción: Durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, las personas experimentaron repentinos cambios en sus vidas, especialmente en su dinámica laboral. En este contexto, el balance de las experiencias afectivas positivas y negativas pueden influir en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores. Objetivos: explorar los niveles de satisfacción laboral, en relación con los afectos positivos y afectos negativos, en un grupo de trabajadores latinoamericanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: La muestra consistió en 594 trabajadores latinoamericanos (M = 38, entre 18 y 60 años; DE = 10.47), de ambos sexos, quienes respondieron de forma online un cuestionario sociodemográfico y dos medidas psicológicas de afectos y satisfacción laboral. Como método, fue usado el análisis jerárquico de grupos de Ward y el K-medias. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro grupos de trabajadores: Grupo 1, niveles altos de afectos positivos y afectos negativos con alta satisfacción laboral; Grupo 2, niveles bajos de afectos positivos y afectos negativos con baja satisfacción laboral; Grupo 3, altos niveles de afectos positivos y bajos niveles de afectos negativos con alta satisfacción laboral; Grupo 4, bajos niveles de afectos positivos y altos niveles de afectos negativos con baja satisfacción laboral. Conclusión: Los grupos que experimentaron altos niveles de afectos positivos presentaron una alta satisfacción laboral, mientras que los grupos con altos o bajos niveles de afectos negativos y bajos afectos positivos manifestaron una baja satisfacción laboral.

Reflexões sobre práxis investigativa cogestora em contexto de emergência sanitária / Reflections on co-managing investigative praxis in the context of a health emergency

Resumo O artigo trata do interesse do campo científico em sistematizar a práxis investigativa cogestora em cenário de emergência sanitária a partir da análise de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa multicêntrica, valendo-se do referencial da pesquisa-apoio e da análise da hermenêutica critica. Como resultados, identificou-se que a elaboração de um guia-mapa contribuiu como documento norteador, com o objetivo de organizar diferentes técnicas para a preparação e formação dos pesquisadores de campo, também como instrumento de análise dos dados. A formação de pesquisadores para o referencial teórico da pesquisa-apoio, assim como a cogestão e a implicação deles nas diferentes etapas da pesquisa, mostrou-se como diferencial para produção de sujeitos e coletivos com a práxis investigativa, permitindo a troca dialógica dentre coordenadores e pesquisadores e o compartilhamento regular dos resultados. Conclui-se que a forma como a metodologia foi proposta possibilitou a ampliação da capacidade reflexiva e de compreensão sobre a realidade, contribuindo para a formação de pesquisadores como sujeitos ativos e críticos no processo de coleta, análise e discussão dos dados, incentivando a atuação sensível e atenta ao mesmo tempo em que buscou identificar as particularidades de cada contexto.

Abstract This article deals with the interest of the scientific field in systematizing the co-management investigative praxis, in a health emergency scenario, based on the analysis of a research with a multicentric qualitative approach, using the framework of the Support Research and the analysis of critical hermeneutics. As a result, it was identified that the creation of a map guide contributed as a guiding document, aiming at organizing different techniques for the organization and formation of field researchers, as well as an instrument of data analysis. The training of researchers for the theoretical framework of Support Research, as well as their co-management and involvement in the different stages of research, proved to be a differential for the production of subjects and collectives with investigative praxis, allowing a dialogic exchange between coordinators and researchers and regular sharing of the results. It is concluded that the way in which the methodology was proposed, allowed the expansion of the reflective capacity and understanding of reality, contributing to the formation of researchers as active and critical subjects in the process of data collection, analysis and discussion, encouraging sensitive and attentive actions while seeking to identify the particularities of each context.

Effects of a Multi-professional Intervention on Quality of Life of Women with Overweight or Obesity Post-Covid-19: A Pragmatic Trial

Obesity is a global Non-Communicable Chronic Disease (NCD) associated with various comorbidities and a high mortality rate. This scenario has increasingly affected the female population, leading to a rise in prevalence and related health issues. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of women with overweight or obesity and symptoms of COVID-19 using a multi-professional intervention model. This research was conducted as a parallel group and repeated measures pragmatic trial, in which 28 participants aged between 25 and 65 were allocated into two groups: experimental (intervention group) and control (non-intervention participants). The Body Mass Index (BMI) was (30.5 ± 5.45 kg/m²) in the Experimental Group, and the Control Group was (31 ± 8.2 kg/m2). The 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire was applied to assess the quality of life in the physical and mental domains of COVID-19 survivors with different symptom severities (mild, moderate, severe) compared to the control group. At the end of the program, 28 participants finished the study (15 from the experimental group and 13 from the control group). The results indicated a significant improvement in the mental health domain only in the experimental group after the intervention period (p 0.05). Considering these findings, multi-professional actions emerge as a crucial component for enhancing the quality of life, particularly within mental health, during the 16-week intervention period.

La obesidad es una Enfermedad Crónica No Transmisible (ECNT) global asociada a diversas comorbilidades y una alta tasa de mortalidad. Este escenario ha afectado cada vez más a la población femenina, lo que ha llevado a un aumento en la prevalencia y problemas de salud relacionados. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad y síntomas de COVID-19 mediante un modelo de intervención multiprofesional. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo como un ensayo pragmático de grupos paralelos y medidas repetidas, en el que 48 participantes con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 65 años fueron alocadas en dos grupos: experimental (participantes de la intervención) y control (participantes de la no intervención). En el grupo experimental el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) fue de (30,5 ± 5,45 kg/m²). En el grupo control, el IMC fue (31 ± 8,2 kg/m²). Se utilizó el cuestionario de 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12) para evaluar la calidad de vida en los dominios físico y mental de las sobrevivientes de COVID-19 con diferentes grados de gravedad de síntomas (leves, moderados, graves) en comparación con el grupo de control (participantes que no recibieron intervenciones). Al final del programa, 28 participantes terminado el estudio (15 participantes de la intervención y 13 sin intervención). Los resultados indicaron una mejora significativa en el dominio de la salud mental solo en el grupo experimental después del período de intervención (p 0.05). A la luz de estos hallazgos, la rehabilitación multiprofesional emerge como un componente crucial para mejorar la calidad de vida, especialmente en el ámbito de la salud mental durante el período de intervención de 16 semanas.

A obesidade é uma Doença Crônica Não-Transmissível (DCNT) com alcance mundial, associada a diversas comorbidades e alta taxa de mortalidade. Esse quadro tem afetado cada vez mais o público feminino, com aumento da prevalência e doenças correlatas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de mulheres com sobrepeso ou obesidade com sintomas da COVID-19 utilizando um modelo de intervenção multiprofissional. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida como um ensaio pragmático de grupos paralelos e medidas repetidas, no qual 28 participantes de idade entre 25 a 65 anos foram distribuídas em dois grupos: experimental (participantes das intervenções) e controle (não participantes das intervenções). No grupo experimental o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi de (30,5 ± 5,45 kg/m²) e no grupo controle, IMC foi de (31 ± 8,2 kg/m²). Utilizou-se o questionário 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12) para analisar a qualidade de vida nos domínios físico e mental das sobreviventes da COVID-19 nas diferentes sintomatologias (COVID leve, moderada e grave) em comparação com o grupo controle (não participantes das intervenções). Ao final do programa, 28 participantes finalizaram o estudo (15 do grupo experimental e 13 do grupo controle). Os resultados indicaram uma melhoria significativa no domínio de saúde mental apenas no grupo experimental após o período de intervenção (p 0,05). Diante dos resultados a reabilitação multiprofissional emerge como componente importante para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, especialmente no âmbito da saúde mental durante as 16 semanas de intervenção.

Funcionalidad familiar percibida en función al sexo y edad en peruanos durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Perceived family functionality as a function of sex and age in Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic / Funcionalidade familiar percebida em função do sexo e da idade em peruanos durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de identificar el tipo de funcionalidad familiar predominante en población peruana y analizar las diferencias según sexo y edad durante el contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19. El diseño de investigación fue descriptivo-comparativo. Participaron 421 sujetos, 231 mujeres (54.9%) y 190 varones (45.1%), con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 72 años (M=23.5, D.T.=10.5). El instrumento utilizado fue el FF-SIL. Los resultados evidencian que existe una mayor presencia de familias moderadamente funcionales (50, 8 %). Con respecto a las comparaciones realizadas, se encontraron diferencias en la cohesión (t=2.49; p=.013; d=.244), comunicación (t=2.45; p=.015; d=.240), permeabilidad (t=2.02; p=.044; d=.198), afectividad (t=2.06; p=.040; d=.202), adaptabilidad (t=3.22; p=.001; d=.316) y funcionalidad familiar en general (t=2.77; p=.006; d=.272), observándose puntajes mayores en el grupo de mujeres. Se hallaron diferencias al comparar grupos etarios en las dimensiones permeabilidad (F=18.1; p=.001; ω2=.075) y afectividad (F=11.3; p=.001; ω2=.047), así como en la funcionalidad familiar (F=3.70; p=.026; ω2=.013), siendo la población de 25 a 72 años la que evidencia puntajes mayores. Se concluye que se han percibido cambios en la funcionalidad familiar y que los componentes han sido predominantes en mujeres y adultos, lo que conlleva evaluar los roles que asumen dentro del grupo familiar.

The aim of this study was to identify the predominant type of family functionality in the Peruvian population and to analyze the differences according to sex and age during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research design was descriptive-comparative. A total of 421 subjects participated, 231 women (54.9%) and 190 men (45.1%), aged between 13 and 72 years (M=23.5, T.D.=10.5). The instrument used was the FF-SIL. The results show that there is a greater presence of moderately functional families (50.8%). With respect to the comparisons made, differences were found in cohesion (t=2.49; p=.013; d=.244), communication (t=2.45; p=.015; d=.240), permeability (t=2.02; p=.044; d=. 198), affectivity (t=2.06; p=.040; d=.202), adaptability (t=3.22; p=.001; d=.316) and general family functionality (t=2.77; p=.006; d=.272), with higher scores in the women group. Differences were found when comparing age groups in the dimensions permeability (F=18.1; p=.001; ω2=.075) and affectivity (F=11.3; p=.001; ω2=.047), as well as in family functionality (F=3.70; p=.026; ω2=.013), with the population aged 25 to 72 years showing higher scores. It is concluded that changes have been perceived in family functionality and that the components have been predominant in women and adults, which leads to evaluate the roles they assume within the family group.

Foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de identificar o tipo predominante de funcionalidade familiar na população peruana e analisar as diferenças de acordo com o sexo e a idade durante o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. O desenho da pesquisa foi descritivo-comparativo. Participaram 421 indivíduos, 231 mulheres (54,9%) e 190 homens (45,1%), com idades compreendidas entre 13 e 72 anos (M=23,5, T.D.=10,5). O instrumento utilizado foi o FF-SIL. Os resultados mostram que há uma maior presença de famílias moderadamente funcionais (50,8%). Com relação às comparações feitas, foram encontradas diferenças na coesão (t=2,49; p=.013; d=.244), comunicação (t=2,45; p=.015; d=.240), permeabilidade (t=2,02; p=.044; d=.198), afetividade (t=2,06; p=.040; d=.202), adaptabilidade (t=3,22; p=.001; d=.316) e funcionamento geral da família (t=2,77; p=.006; d=.272), com escores mais altos no grupo feminino. Foram encontradas diferenças na comparação entre os grupos etários nas dimensões permeabilidade (F=18,1; p=.001; ω2=.075) e afetividade (F=11,3; p=.001; ω2=.047), bem como na funcionalidade familiar (F=3,70; p=.026; ω2=.013), com a população de 25 a 72 anos apresentando escores mais altos. Conclui-se que foram percebidas mudanças na funcionalidade familiar e que os componentes foram predominantes em mulheres e adultos, o que leva a uma avaliação dos papéis que eles assumem dentro do grupo familiar.

A oferta do café de rua nas capitais São Paulo e Vitória / The offer of coffee on the streets of the state capitals São Paulo and Vitória / La oferta de café en las calles de las capitales estatales São Paulo y Vitória

A pandemia gerou impactos sociais e econômicos, como o trabalho informal dos que se ocupam do serviço de café de rua, ampliado na retomada pós-isolamento. O artigo analisa as significações construídas pelas instalações do serviço nas ruas de São Paulo (SP) e Vitória (ES), enquanto manifestações do empreendedo-rismo por necessidade. O corpus foi coletado em dias úteis, no início das manhãs, em diversos pontos das capitais. A semiótica discursiva sustentou a análise, e o seu método permitiu traçar isotopias conectoras de figuras e temas. Os resultados apontam para comunicação dos sentidos da informalidade, casualidade e familiaridade, marcados pela presença feminina, pela autonomia imposta aos sujeitos produtor/vendedor e consumidor e pela conexão entre a energia proporcionada pela bebida e o trabalho. Esses significadosvêm embebidos no risco vivido por esses sujeitos, aconchegados entre si e alijados da proteção de políticas públicas de trabalho, condições sanitárias, serviços de transporte e saúde.

The pandemic has generated social and economic impacts, such as the informal work of those who sell coffee on the streets, expanded in the post-isolation resumption. The article analyzes the meanings constructed by the service facilities in São Paulo (SP) and Vitória (ES), as demonstrations of the entrepreneurship by necessity. The corpus was collected on weekdays, in places of the state capitals. Discursive semiotics underpins the analysis, suggesting connective isotopies of figures and themes. The results point to the communication of the senses of informality, casualness and familiarity, marked by the female presence, by the autonomy imposed on the subjects producer/seller and consumer and by the connection between the energy given by the drink and the work. These meanings are embedded in the risk experienced by these subjects, snuggled among themselves and excluded from the protection of public policies of work, sanitary conditions, transportation and health services.

La pandemia generó impactos sociales y económicos, como el trabajo informal de quienes se ocupan del servicio de café en las calles, ampliado en la reanudación post-aislamiento. El artículo analiza los signifi-cados construidos por las instalaciones de servicios en las calles de São Paulo (SP) y Vitória (ES), como manifestaciones de emprendimiento por necesidad. El corpus fue recolectado entresemana, en puntos de las capitales. La semiótica discursiva sustenta el análisis y permitió trazar isotopías conectoras de figuras y temas. Los resultados apuntan para la comunicación de los significados de informalidad, marcados por la presencia femenina, por la autonomía impuesta a los sujetos productor/vendedor y consumidor, y por la conexión entre la energía dada por la bebida y el trabajo. Estos significados están incrustados en el riesgo vivido por estos sujetos, y excluidos de la protección de las políticas públicas laborales, las condiciones sanitarias, los servicios de transporte y salud.

Estruturação do plano de imunização no combate a covid-19: (des)ordem nos acordos entre os poderes / Structuring the immunization plan to fight covid-19: (dis)order in agreements between the powers / Estructura del plan de inmunización para combatir el covid-19: (des)orden en acuerdos entre potencias

Objetivo: Fomentar o debate acerca da ordenação do plano de vacinação nacional, considerando os aspectos organizacionais entre união, estados e municípios. Métodos: Revisão de literatura, tendo como base os periódicos Cientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), usando como descritores: Pandemia, Vacina e Plano de Imunização. Com essa busca foram encontradas, inicialmente, 48 publicações. Após a realização da análise, foram incluídos 11 artigos científicos na revisão. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica. Resultados: Foram levantadas duas categorias: estratégias de combate a pandemia do covid-19 no Brasil, e a manipulação da sociedade civil e a desordem da cobertura vacinal. Conclusão: as reflexões aqui apresentadas podem contribuir para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam uma postura reflexiva frente a demanda vacinal, processo de planejamento e percepções da sociedade civil, podendo desencadear uma melhora na preparação para a educação em saúde. (AU)

Objective: To encourage the debate about the ordering of the national vaccination plan, considering the organizational aspects between the union, states and municipalities. Methods: Literature review, based on scientific journals Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using as descriptors: Pandemia, Vaccine and Immunization Plan. With this search, 48 publications were initially found. After the analysis, 11 scientific articles were included in the review. The texts were subjected to semantic content analysis. Results: Two categories were raised: strategies to combat the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, and the manipulation of civil society and the disorder of vaccination coverage. Conclusion: The reflections presented here can contribute for nursing professionals to develop a reflexive posture in face of the vaccine demand, planning process and civil society perceptions, which can trigger an improvement in the preparation for health education. (AU)

Objetivo: Fomentar el debate sobre la ordenación del plan nacional de vacunación, considerando los aspectos organizativos entre sindicato, estados y municipios. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura, con base en revistas científicas Biblioteca Electrónica en Línea (SCIELO), Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores: Pandemia, Vacuna y Plan de Inmunización. Con esta búsqueda se encontraron inicialmente 48 publicaciones. Después del análisis, se incluyeron 11 artículos científicos en la revisión. Los textos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido semántico. Resultados: Se plantearon dos categorías: estrategias para combatir la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil y la manipulación de la sociedad civil y el desorden de la cobertura de vacunación. Conclusión: Las reflexiones aquí presentadas pueden contribuir para que los profesionales de enfermería desarrollen una postura reflexiva ante la demanda de vacunas, el proceso de planificación y las percepciones de la sociedad civil, lo que puede desencadenar una mejora en la preparación para la educación en salud. (AU)