RESUMO
Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties
Devido à extensa aplicação de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação animal, a resistência aos antimicrobianos aumentou. Para superar esse desafio, os microbiologistas do rúmen buscam novos probióticos para melhorar a produtividade do gado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e avaliar bactérias lácticas específicas de raças (BAL) como potenciais probióticos animais. 12 cepas foram isoladas de diferentes amostras, incluindo leite, rúmen e fezes de búfalos Nilli Ravi. Esses isolados foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos animais comuns (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). Todos os isolados foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e as análises filogenéticas inferiram que essas cepas apresentaram estreita relação com as espécies de vários gêneros; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis e Lactococcus lactis. O perfil probiótico dos isolados foi obtido usando critérios padrão, particularmente com propriedades probióticas animais.
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos , Enterococcus , Probióticos , Trato Gastrointestinal , Lactobacillus , AntibacterianosRESUMO
Abstract Lactobacilli are probiotics with Aflatoxin (AF) detoxification ability, found in fermented products, GIT of animals and environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this purpose, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus from broiler gut were incubated with 100 ppb AFB1 in aqueous environment and effect of different parameters (cell fractions, time, temperature, pH) on detoxification was determined by HPLC. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) against AFB1 was studied in broiler. The results revealed that LS (CR. 4) showed the best results (in vitro) as compared to other isolates (L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR, 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) and L. crispatus (CE. 28). Cell debris of CR. 4 showed significantly higher detoxification (P<0.05). Maximum amount of AFB1 was detoxified at 30°C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) and 6 h (99.97%). In vivo study showed that AFB1 decreased weight gain (1,269 ± 0.04 gm/ bird), feed consumed (2,161 ± 0.08 gm/ bird), serum total protein (2.42 ± 0.34 gm/ dl), serum albumin (0.5 ± 0.2 2 gm/dl) and antibody titer (4.2 ± 0.83). Liver function enzymes were found (alanine transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U/L) elevated in AFB1 fed broilers. Treatment with 1% LS not only decreased the toxic effects of AFB1 (group D) but also improved the overall health of broilers due to its probiotic effects (p<0.05) as compared to control negative (group A). The detoxification ability of LS was better than commercial binder (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). It was concluded that detoxification of AFB1 by Lactobacillus was strain, temperature, pH and time dependent. LS has detoxification ability against AFB1 in vivo.
Resumo Os lactobacilos são probióticos com capacidade de desintoxicação da Aflatoxina (AF), encontrados em produtos fermentados, TGI de animais e meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade de isolados de frango de corte de Lactobacillus contra a Aflatoxina B1 (AFB1). Para tanto, 5 isolados de Lactobacillus de intestino de frango foram incubados com 100 ppb AFB1 em meio aquoso, e o efeito de diferentes parâmetros (frações celulares, tempo, temperatura, pH) na desintoxicação foi determinado por CLAE. O efeito melhorador de Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) contra AFB1 foi estudado em frangos de corte. Os resultados revelaram que LS (CR. 4) apresentou os melhores resultados (in vitro) em comparação com outros isolados [L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR. 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) e L. crispatus (CE. 28)]. Detritos celulares de CR. 4 mostraram desintoxicação significativamente maior (P < 0.05). A quantidade máxima de AFB1 foi desintoxicada a 30 °C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) e 6 h (99,97%). O estudo in vivo mostrou que AFB1 diminuiu o ganho de peso (1,269 ± 0.04 g / ave), alimento consumido (2,161 ± 0.08 g / ave), proteína total sérica (2.42 ± 0.34 g / dl), albumina sérica (0.5 ± 0.22 gm / dl) e título de anticorpo (4.2 ± 0.83). As enzimas da função hepática foram encontradas (alanina transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U / L) e aspartato transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U / L) elevadas em AFB1 alimentados com frangos. O tratamento com 1% LS não só diminuiu os efeitos tóxicos de AFB1 (grupo D), mas também melhorou a saúde geral dos frangos devido aos seus efeitos probióticos (p < 0.05) em comparação com o controle negativo (grupo A). A capacidade de desintoxicação do LS foi melhor do que o aglutinante comercial (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). Concluiu-se que a desintoxicação de AFB1 por Lactobacillus foi dependente da cepa, temperatura, pH e tempo. LS tem capacidade de desintoxicação contra AFB1 in vivo.
Assuntos
Animais , Aflatoxina B1/análise , Aflatoxina B1/toxicidade , Probióticos , Galinhas , Lactobacillus , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
El objetivo es conocer el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la vaginosis citolítica. Para ello se hizo una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura médica mediante las bases de datos: PubMed, Central, etc. Se limitó a ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, metaanálisis y revisiones bibliográficas, con disponibilidad del texto completo para evaluarlos en su totalidad e incluirlos en la revisión; publicados entre 1980 y 2021. Se incluyeron 27 publicaciones. La vaginosis citolítica es un trastorno infradiagnosticado. En mujeres con síntomas y signos de candidiasis vulvovaginal, que no responden a la terapia, se debe considerar la probabilidad de estar en presencia de una vaginosis citolítica. El tratamiento obliga a elevar el pH vaginal a valores básicos y a disminuir el número excesivo de Lactobacillus, resultando de utilidad las duchas vaginales con bicarbonato de sodio y/o un tratamiento con antibióticos derivados de la penicilina junto a un inhibidor de ß-lactamasas o doxiciclina en las pacientes alérgicas a la penicilina. Finalmente, se concluye que la vaginosis citolítica es una afección común, frecuentemente se diagnostica de forma errónea porque se confunde con la candidiasis vulvovaginal; se caracteriza por producir un cuadro clínico similar. El tratamiento se enfoca en disminuir el número de Lactobacillus y la elevación del pH vaginal.
The objective is to know the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of cytolytic vaginosis. A systematic search of the medical literature was carried out using the following databases: Medline via PubMed, Central, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, among others. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and literature reviews that had the full text available for full evaluation and inclusion in the review; published between 1980 and 2021. Twenty-seven publications were included. Cytolytic vaginosis is a frequently underdiagnosed disorder, which mimics Candida vaginitis. In women with symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal candidiasis who do not respond to antifungal therapy, the possibility of cytolytic vaginosis should be considered. The treatment of this condition requires raising the vaginal pH to basic values and reducing the excessive number of Lactobacillus, resulting in useful vaginal douches with sodium bicarbonate and/or treatment with antibiotics derived from penicillin together with a ß-lactamases inhibitor or doxycycline in patients allergic to penicillin. Finally, we conclude that cytolytic vaginosis is a common condition, frequently misdiagnosed because it is confused with vulvovaginal candidiasis, since it is characterized by producing a similar clinical picture. Treatment focuses on reducing the number of Lactobacillus and raising vaginal pH.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Vaginose Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Vaginose Bacteriana/terapia , Vaginite/diagnóstico , Banhos , Vaginose Bacteriana/microbiologia , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Bicarbonato de Sódio , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases/uso terapêutico , Lactobacillus , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by the imbalance of the vaginal flora, with decrease in Lactobacillus and increase in other bacteria. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: Systematic review based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, filed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The research was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases in September 2021. After reading the titles and abstracts of 84 articles and the full text of 20 articles, 10 of them were included in the review. The articles were considered eligible if they investigated the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and used Amsel's diagnostic criteria or Gram-stained bacterioscopy in women of reproductive age without comorbidities. The studies were evaluated by two investigators to establish reliability. The risk of bias and the quality of the selected studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: The mean prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the included studies was 25.4% (95%CI 24.026.8). In three population-based studies, the mean prevalence was 18.1% (95%CI 16.020.5); and in seven clinic-based studies, it was 27.2% (95%CI 24.629.9). The factors associated with bacterial vaginosis were the use of sex accessories (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.14.9), marital status "single" (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.11.8), partner infidelity (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.21.9), abnormal vaginal secretion (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.22.0), and the presence of trichomoniasis (OR 4.1; 95%CI 1.511.5). Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high, and the associated factors are linked to sexual behavior.
Introdução: A vaginose bacteriana caracteriza-se pelo desequilíbrio da flora vaginal, com diminuição dos Lactobacillus e aumento de outras bactérias. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana. Métodos: Revisão sistemática baseada nas diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, protocolado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados da PubMed e da Scopus, em setembro de 2021. Após a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos de 84 artigos e do texto completo de 20 artigos, dez foram incluídos na revisão. Os trabalhos foram considerados elegíveis quando investigaram a prevalência de vaginose bacteriana e utilizaram os critérios diagnósticos de Amsel ou a bacterioscopia corada pelo Gram em mulheres em idade reprodutiva e sem comorbidades. Os estudos foram avaliados por duas pesquisadoras para estabelecer a confiabilidade. O risco de viés e a qualidade das pesquisas selecionadas foram avaliados pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: A prevalência média de vaginose bacteriana nos trabalhos incluídos foi de 25,4% (intervalo de confiança IC95% 24,026,8). Em três estudos de base populacional, a prevalência média foi de 18,1% (IC95% 16,020,5); e, em sete estudos de base clínica, a prevalência média foi de 27,2% (IC95% 24,629,9). Os fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana foram o uso de acessórios sexuais (odds ratio OR 2,4; IC95% 1,14,9), estado civil "solteira" (OR 1,4; IC95% 1,11,8), infidelidade do parceiro (OR 1,5; IC95% 1,21,9), secreção vaginal anormal (OR 1,5; IC95% 1,22,0) e presença de tricomoníase (OR 4,1; IC95% 1,511,5). Conclusão: A prevalência de vaginose bacteriana foi elevada e os fatores associados estão ligados ao comportamento sexual.
Assuntos
Humanos , Vaginose Bacteriana , Flora , Lactobacillus , Comportamento Sexual , Mulheres , Secreções CorporaisRESUMO
A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória do periodonto associada ao acúmulo de biofilme dental, com consequente disbiose da microbiota oral e alteração da resposta imuno-inflamatória. O controle da periodontite realizado por meio do tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico altera o ambiente subgengival e pode ser associado a terapias adjuntas. O uso de probióticos como terapia adjuvante a esse tratamento parece favorecer a modificação do biofilme bacteriano e resposta imuno-inflamatória. Entretanto, os probióticos empregados até o momento não são próprios da cavidade oral e, por isso, a busca por cepas originadas da microbiota oral tem ganhado espaço na tentativa de favorecer a aderência e colonização permanente dessas bactérias. Recentemente, a cepa de Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 foi isolada da cavidade oral, exibindo atividades antimicrobianas promissoras sobre o controle de patógenos orais. O presente estudo teve como objetivos o desenvolvimento de uma formulação probiótica de L. paracasei 28.4 incorporado em gellan gum para uso humano, bem como a avaliação dos efeitos clínicos da administração desta formulação como adjuvante no tratamento periodontal. Para tal, o trabalho foi dividido em 2 etapas, contemplando uma etapa laboratorial (parte A), para desenvolvimento da formulação probiótica; e um ensaio clínico randomizado (parte B, n=40), envolvendo um protocolo de tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico associado à terapia adjunta probiótica ou placebo. Os resultados da parte A permitiram encontrar a melhor forma de apresentação e armazenamento da formulação de gellan gum. Na parte B, aos 3 e 6 meses de acompanhamento, os dois grupos apresentaram melhoras significativas dos parâmetros periodontais (índice de sangramento, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e ganho de nível de inserção) em relação ao baseline, sem diferença estatística na comparação intergrupo. Como conclusão, uma formulação probiótica segura e possível de ser aplicada na prática clínica foi obtida; no entanto, sua administração não promoveu efeitos clínicos adicionais ao tratamento de pacientes com periodontite generalizada estágios III/IV e graus B/C (AU)
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium associated with the accumulation of dental biofilm, with consequent dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and alteration of the immune-inflammatory responseThe control of periodontitis carried out through non-surgical periodontal treatment alters the subgingival environment and can be associated with adjunctive therapies.The use of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in the periodontal treatment seems to favor the modification of the bacterial biofilm and modulation of the immuneinflammatory response. However, the probiotics used so far are not specific to the oral cavity and, therefore, the search for strains originating from the oral microbiota has gained space to favor the adherence and permanent colonization of these bacteria. Recently, strain of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 was isolated from the oral cavity itself, showing promising antimicrobial activities in the control of oral pathogens. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a probiotic formulation of L. paracasei 28.4 incorporated into gellan gum for human use, as well as to evaluate the clinical effects of administering this formulation as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis. To this end, the study was divided into 2 stages, comprising a laboratory stage (part A), for the development of the probiotic, and a randomized clinical trial (part B, n=40) contemplating a non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol associated with adjunctive probiotic therapy or placebo. The results from part A made it possible to find the best way to present and store the gellan gum formulation. In part B, at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, both groups showed significant improvements in periodontal parameters (bleeding index, gingival index, probing depth and attachment level gain) in relation to baseline, with no statistical difference in the intergroup comparison. In conclusion, a safe probiotic formulation that can be applied in clinical practice was obtained; however, its administration did not promote additional clinical effects in the treatment of patients with stage III/IV and grades B/C generalized periodontitis (AU)
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Periodontite , Probióticos , Desbridamento Periodontal , LactobacillusRESUMO
Introdução: os enxaguantes bucais clareadores tem sido muito utilizados, porém sua eficiência e efeitos colaterais trazem questionamentos. Objetivo: este ensaio clínico teve como objetivo avaliar se o enxaguante bucal clareador, contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5%, apresenta ação clareadora e se há algum efeito secundário na cavidade bucal. Metodologia: foram selecionados 10 voluntários com idade média de 21,5 anos, submetidos a avaliação da cor dos dentes com auxílio do espectrômetro em 3 momentos: inicial; com 15 e com 30 dias de uso do enxaguante. A avaliação dos efeitos colaterais foi realizada a partir da coleta de saliva estimulada em 4 momentos: antes e depois ao primeiro uso do produto, com 15 e com 30 dias, e realizadas as análises laboratoriais: fluxo salivar; pH; quantidade de Streptococcus mutans e de Lactobacillus. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, comparação de cor pelo teste t dependente, comparação dos microrganismos pelos testes ANOVA de medidas repetida e Tukey. Resultados: as análises de cor dos dentes não evidenciaram nenhuma alteração significativa em nenhum dos tempos investigados. No fluxo salivar, pH e Lactobacillus não houveram alterações significativas. Na quantidade de Streptococcus mutans notou-se um aumento significativo quando comparado os valores após o primeiro uso e com 30 dias. Conclusão: a solução de enxague bucal contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5% não apresentou alteração significativa na coloração dos dentes e nenhum efeito colateral significativo na atividade cariogênica de acordo com os testes e períodos avaliados.
Introduction: whitening mouthwashes have been widely used, but their efficiency and side effects raise questions. Objective: this clinical trial aimed to assess whether the bleaching mouthwash, containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, has a bleaching action and whether there are any side effects in the oral cavity. Methods: 10 volunteers were selected, with a mean age of 21.5 years, who underwent tooth color evaluation with the aid of a spectrometer in 3 moments: initial; with 15 and 30 days of using the washes. The evaluation of side effects was performed from the collection of stimulated saliva in 4 moments: before and after the first use of the product, at 15 and 30 days, and laboratory analyzes were carried out: salivary flow; pH; the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Normal distribution was verified with Shapiro-Wilk test, comparisons of color were performed with t-test, comparisons of the microorganisms were performed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: the analysis did not show any significant changes in any of the investigated times. There were no significant changes in the salivary flow, pH and Lactobacillus. The number of Streptococcus mutans, was noted a significant increase when comparing the values after the first use and with 30 days. Conclusion: the mouthwash containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide was not shown any significant alterations in the color teeth. There were not significant collateral effects on the cariogenic activity according to the tests and periods evaluated.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Clareadores Dentários , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Antissépticos Bucais , Streptococcus mutans , LactobacillusRESUMO
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge and occurs when there is an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, predominantly composed of Lactobacillus spp. Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the world. Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus genotypes is the main cause of the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Objective: To investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection and between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities in adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a gynecology outpatient clinic of the public health network. A total of 202 women were included in the study and underwent gynecological examination with cervical specimen collection. Cervical cytopathological examinations and bacterioscopy by the Nugent method were performed to identify bacterial vaginosis, and PCR and reverse hybridization were carried out for Human Papillomavirus detection and genotyping. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection, and between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities. The odds ratio was calculated, with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and 5% significance level (p≤0.05). Results: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 33.2% (67/202), the prevalence of cervical Human Papillomavirus infection was 38.6% (78/202) and the prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities was 6.0% (12/202). Bivariate analysis showed no significant association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.37 1.27; p=0.23), or between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities (OR 0.65; 95%CI 0.172.50; p=0.54). Conclusion: In this study, bacterial vaginosis did not represent a risk factor for cervical Human Papillomavirus infection or for the presence of cervical cytological abnormalities in the investigated adult women.
A vaginose bacteriana é a causa mais comum de corrimento vaginal e ocorre quando há um desequilíbrio da microbiota vaginal, composta predominantemente de Lactobacillus spp. O papilomavírus humano é o vírus sexualmente transmissível mais comum no mundo. A infecção persistente com genótipos do papilomavírus humano de alto risco é a principal causa do desenvolvimento de neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais e câncer de colo do útero. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre vaginose bacteriana e infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano e entre vaginose bacteriana e anormalidades citológicas cervicais em mulheres adultas. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal realizado em um ambulatório de ginecologia da rede pública de saúde. O total de 202 mulheres foi incluído no estudo e submetido ao exame ginecológico com coleta de espécime cervical. Foram realizados os exames citopatológicos cervicais, a bacterioscopia pelo método de Nugent para a identificação da vaginose bacteriana e reação em cadeia da polimerase e hibridização reversa para a detecção e genotipagem do papilomavírus humano. Análise bivariada foi realizada para investigar a associação entre vaginose bacteriana e infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano e entre vaginose bacteriana e anormalidades citológicas cervicais. Foi calculado o odds ratio, com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados: A prevalência da vaginose bacteriana foi de 33,2% (67/202), a da infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano foi de 38,6% (78/202) e a de anormalidades citológicas cervicais foi de 6,0% (12/202). A análise bivariada não demonstrou associação significativa entre vaginose bacteriana e infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano (OR 0,69; IC95% 0,371,27; p=0,23), nem entre vaginose bacteriana e anormalidades citológicas cervicais (OR 0,65; IC95% 0,172,50; p=0,54). Conclusão: Neste estudo a vaginose bacteriana não representou um fator de risco para a infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano e nem para presença de anormalidades citológicas cervicais nas mulheres adultas investigadas
Assuntos
Humanos , Vaginose Bacteriana , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Infecção Persistente , LactobacillusRESUMO
Abstract This study assessed the inhibitory potential of the probiotics Lactobacillus (LB) exopolysaccharides (EPS) with or without extracts of Satureja calamintha on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEc) responsible for gastroenteritis. Methanolic and hydromethanolic extracts were prepared by cold maceration and subjected to phytochemical screening. The compounds of the extracts were determined with the colorimetric assays and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging. Antibacterial effect on EPEc was evaluated by using both agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The in vitro test of auto-aggregation was investigated. Microbiological analysis showed that 63% of the isolated LB were producing EPS, with the amount ranging from 8.21 to 43.13 mg/L. Chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids, more abundant in the hydromethanolic extract, which presented the highest content with 2.11 mg EGA/g of polyphenol and 1.64 mg EC/g of flavonoids and 1.71 mg EGA/g of polyphenol and 1.15 mg EC/g of flavonoids in the methanolic extract. Hydromethanolic extracts and EPS exhibited a more important activity than did the methanolic extract against EPEc. The combined action of EPS and extracts reduced the aggregation ability of EPEc and decreased the rate of their adhesion.
Assuntos
Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Satureja/efeitos adversos , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/classificação , Lactobacillus/classificação , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Nepeta/efeitos adversos , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Gastroenterite , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
O uso de probióticos tem sido considerado uma alternativa para o controle das candidoses bucais, como a estomatite protética. Recentemente, nosso grupo de pesquisa isolou cepas clínicas bucais de Lactobacillus rhamnosus (5.2) e Lactobacillus fermentum (20.4) com atividade antifúngica contra Candida albicans. Entretanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de formulações para uso clínico dessas cepas probióticas na cavidade bucal. Assim, o objetivo desse projeto foi desenvolver formulações probióticas em hidrogel gellan gum com atividade antifúngica que possam ser usadas no controle da estomatite protética. Para o preparo das formulações probióticas, as cepas L. rhamnosus 5.2 ou L. fermentum 20.4 foram incorporadas em formulações com diferentes concentrações de gellan gum (0,6 a 1%). A viabilidade das células de Lactobacillus nas formulações e o sistema de liberação foram testados em diferentes condições de armazenamento, incluindo tempo e temperaturas de estocagem. A seguir, os efeitos das formulações probióticas foram avaliados sobre C. albicans pelo método de difusão em ágar e sobre biofilmes microcosmos por contagem de células viáveis e análise de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as concentrações do gellan foram capazes de manter a viabilidade das células de L. rhamnosus e L. fermentum em torno de 5 a 7 log, durante 14 semanas, independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento (4°C ou temperatura ambiente). No teste de difusão em ágar, verificou-se que as formulações probióticas levaram à inibição de cepas padrão e clínicas de C. albicans, demonstrando que as cepas de Lactobacillus incorporadas no gellan mantiveram sua atividade antifúngica. As formulações probióticas também conseguiram inibir os biofilmes microcosmos provenientes de pacientes com estomatite protética, reduzindo o número de células viáveis de Candida e desestruturando a arquitetura dos biofilmes. Concluiu-se que o gellan gum mostrou ser um biomaterial promissor como carreador das cepas probióticas de L. rhamnosus 5.2 e L. fermentum 20.4. Além disso, as formulações probióticas desenvolvidas apresentaram ação antifúngica sobre células de C. albicans e biofilmes de estomatite protética, podendo desta forma atuar na prevenção da candidose bucal. (AU)
The use of probiotics has been considered an alternative for the control of oral candidiasis such as denture stomatitis. Recently, our research group isolated oral clinical strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (5.2) and Lactobacillus fermentum (20.4) with antifungal activity against Candida albicans. However, it is necessary to develop formulations for clinical use of these probiotic strains in the oral cavity. Thus, the purpose of this project was to develop probiotic formulations in gellan gum hydrogel with antifungal activity that could be used in the control of denture stomatitis. For the preparation of probiotic formulations, the strains L. rhamnosus 5.2 or L. fermentum 20.4 were incorporated into formulations with different concentrations of gellan gum (0.6 to 1%). The viability of Lactobacillus cells in the formulations and the delivery system were tested under different storage conditions, including storage time and temperatures. Next, the effects of the probiotic formulations were evaluated on C. albicans by the agar diffusion method and on microcosm biofilms by viable cell count and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that all concentrations of gellan were able to maintain the viability of L. rhamnosus and L. fermentum cells around 5 to 7 log for 14 weeks, regardless of storage temperature (4°C or room temperature). In the agar diffusion test, it was found that the probiotic formulations led to the inhibition of standard and clinical strains of C. albicans, demonstrating that the Lactobacillus strains incorporated into gellan maintained their antifungal activity. Probiotic formulations were also able to inhibit microcosm biofilms from patients with denture stomatitis, reducing the number of viable Candida cells and disrupting the architecture of biofilms. As a conclusion, the gellan gum proved to be a promising biomaterial as a carrier of the probiotic strains of L. rhamnosus 5.2 and L. fermentum 20.4. In addition, the probiotic formulations developed showed antifungal action on C. albicans cells and denture stomatitis biofilms, thus being able to act in the prevention of oral candidiasis. (AU)
Assuntos
Estomatite sob Prótese , Candidíase , Probióticos , Placa Dentária , LactobacillusRESUMO
Objetivo: existem evidências inconclusivas sobre a potencial carogenicidade das fórmulas lácteas em comparação com o leite materno. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar a detecção e contagem de Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) e lactobacilos da saliva entre lactentes alimentados com leite materno (B), com fórmulas de leite puro (France Lait-FL) e suplementada com probióticos (Nan 1 optipro-N), e avaliar crescimento in vitro dessas bactérias em amostras de leite materno e fórmulas lácteas. Material e Métodos: amostras salivares foram obtidas com swabs de algodão estéreis de 60 lactentes que foram agrupados de acordo com o tipo de leite. As amostras foram cultivadas para obter a frequência de detecção e contagens bacterianas. Para a investigação in vitro, sete amostras de leite materno doado e sete amostras recém-preparadas de ambas as fórmulas lácteas foram inoculadas por ambas as bactérias e então cultivadas para avaliar o crescimento bacteriano. Resultados:lactobacilos foram detectados em todos os lactentes, enquanto não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na detecção de S. mutans entre os grupos. As contagens de ambos os microrganismos na saliva foram menores em (B), enquanto uma diferença insignificante foi encontrada entre (B) e (N). Diferenças significativas foram evidentes nas contagens bacterianas in vitro sendo mais baixas em (B) seguido por (N) e (FL). Conclusão: o leite materno e as fórmulas lácteas com suplementos probióticos podem ter um papel protetor contra a cárie dentária em lactentes. (AU)
Objective: inconclusive evidence exists regarding potential cariogenicity of milk formulas compared to breast milk. The study aimed to compare Salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and lactobacilli detection and counts among breastfed (B), plain formula (France Lait 1) (FL) and probiotic supplemented formula (Nan 1 optipro) (N) infants and to assess in-vitro growth of these bacteria in breast milk and milk formula samples. Material and Methods:salivary samples were obtained using sterile cotton swabs from 60 infants that were grouped according to nursing milk type. Samples were cultured to obtain the detection frequency and bacterial counts. For the in-vitro investigation, seven donated breast milk samples and seven freshly prepared samples of both milk formulas were inoculated by both bacteria and then cultured to assess bacterial growth. Results:lactobacilli were detected in all infants, while no significant differences were found in S. mutans detection among groups. Counts of both microorganisms in saliva were lowest in (B) while, insignificant difference was found between (B) and (N). Significant differences were evident in in-vitro bacterial counts being lowest in (B) followed by (N) and (FL). Conclusion: breast milk and probiotic supplement infants' milk formulas may have a protective role against dental caries in infants.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Streptococcus mutans , Probióticos , Cárie Dentária , Fórmulas Infantis , Lactobacillus , Leite HumanoRESUMO
Introducción: En producción avícola el uso de antibióticos promotores del crecimiento es limitado, debido al incremento de resistencia bacteriana. Una alternativa evalúa los probióticos microencapsulados y su efecto en la salud intestinal. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de Lactobacillus plantarum microencapsulado sobre parámetros intestinales e inmunológicos en pollos de engorde. Materiales y métodos: A 240 pollos Ross-308-AP de un día de nacidos se suministró alimento con o sin adición de probiótico bajo el siguiente modelo: sin probiótico-(T0), con probiótico comercial-(T1), con L. plantarum microencapsulado-(T2) y sin microencapsular-(T3). L. plantarum ATCC-8014 se microencapsuló mediante secado por aspersión, determinando su viabilidad en (%). Se evaluaron parámetros intestinales, morfo-histopatológicos e inmunológicos por Azul de Alcian, microscopia de barrido e inmunohistoquímica y la abundancia microbial por UFC/mL. Resultados: El microencapsulado confirió una viabilidad in vivo de L. plantarum del 88,1%. El tratamiento T2 mejoró los parámetros inmunológicos y confirió beneficios intestinales con una abundancia de bacterias benéficas (Lactobacillus) de (9,13x105-UFC/mL), significativamente mayor a la encontrada en los tratamientos T1 (8,91x105) y T3 (8,23x105) y el control T0 (9,18x104), (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La adición de L. plantarum microencapsulado en alimento para pollos mejora parámetros inmunológicos y confiere mayor abundancia de bacterias benéficas presentes en la microbiota intestinal.
Introduction: Usage of growth-promoting antibiotics in poultry production is limited due to the increase in bacterial resistance. An alternative to assess microencapsulated probiotics and their effect on gut health is presented in this study. Objective: To determine the effect of microencapsulated L. plantarum on intestinal and immunological parameters in broilers. Materials and methods: 240 Ross-308-AP chickens (one day old) were fed with or without the addition of a probiotic, under the following model: without probiotic (T0); with commercial probiotic (T1); with probiotic containing either microencapsulated (T2) or non-microencapsulated (T3) L. plantarum. ATCC-8014 was microencapsulated by spray drying, assessing its viability in (%). Alcian blue, scanning microscopy, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate intestinal, morpho-histopathological, and immunological parameters. Microbial abundance was quantified by UFC/ml. Results: Microencapsulation of L. plantarum induced an 88.1% in vivo viability. T2 treatment improved both immunological parameters and the intestinal population of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus) (9.13x105 UFC/ml), which was significantly higher than that found in T1 (8.91x105), T3 (8.23x105), and control T0 (9.18x104), (p<0.05). Conclusion: Adding microencapsulated L. plantarum to chicken feed improves immunological parameters and increases the population of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota.
Assuntos
Alimento Funcional , Lactobacillus , Bactérias , Probióticos , MicrobiotaRESUMO
Unravelling the efficacy of gut biome has a major impact on health. An unbalanced microbiome composition is linked to many common illnesses such as gut dysbiosis, mental deformities and immunological imbalance. An optimistic influence on the gut biome can be made by consumingprobiotics. This would stimulate neuroprotection and immunomodulation intended by heavy metals pollution. Lead is a major source of neurotoxin that can induce neural deformities. Lactobacillusspecies isolated from curd were characterized to confirm its specificity. Zebra fish was reared at standard conditions and preclinical assessment on the intensity of induced neurotoxin lead was performed. The embryo toxic assay, immunomodulation effects and animal behavioural models endorsed the consequence of neurotoxicity. Different concentrations of bacterial isolate with standard antidepressant was considered for analysing the vigour of toxicity and its influence on cognitive behaviour by novel tank diving method. The restrain in the animal behaviour was also conferred by all the test samples with a decreased bottom dwelling time which was authenticated with haematology and histopathological studies. The alterations in morphology of the lymphocytes were balanced by the treated test samples. This study paves a twofold potential of probiotic as neuroprotectant and immune modulator against heavy metal toxicity.
Assuntos
Animais , Bactérias/patogenicidade , Peixe-Zebra , Probióticos/análise , Neuroproteção/imunologia , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/imunologia , Chumbo/análise , Bactérias/virologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/virologia , Linfócitos/microbiologia , Metais Pesados/análise , Toxicidade , Imunomodulação/imunologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/imunologiaRESUMO
Durante las relaciones sexuales, se da el intercambio de especies bacterianas entre las parejas, siendo las relaciones sexuales un factor crucial en la modificación de la microbiota genital. En el presente artículo de reflexión, se analizó el efecto de las relaciones sexuales sobre el intercambio de la microbiota vaginal y seminal. Las parejas que sostienen relaciones sexuales sin protección comparten especies bacterianas que podrían influir negativamente o positivamente sobre los parámetros seminales, como los Lactobacillus con potencial probiótico para el mantenimiento de la calidad del semen
During sexual intercourse there is an exchange of bacterial species between couples, a crucial factor in modifying the genital microbiota. In this reflection article, the effect of sexual intercourse on the exchange of vaginal and seminal microbiota was analyzed. Couples who have unprotected sexual intercourse share bacterial species could affect positive or negatively the seminal parameters, such as Lactobacillus with probiotic potential for maintaining semen quality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sêmen , Análise do Sêmen , Microbiota , Coito , Probióticos , Genitália , LactobacillusRESUMO
A produção aquícola mundial tem demandado estudos que buscam soluções para os problemas produtivos e sanitários apresentados na piscicultura. Nesse contexto, o uso de produtos probióticos demonstra ser uma abordagem promissora. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de um pool de cepas de Lactobacillus incorporados à ração de truta-arco-íris. Para tanto, as respectivas cepas foram previamente cultivadas em caldo MRS e submetidas à criocentrifugação. As células obtidas foram ressuspensas em soro fisiológico acrescentado de 2% de óleo de soja, sendo posteriormente incorporadas à ração por meio de misturador circular. Essa ração foi devidamente armazenada sob refrigeração a 4°C, por 120 dias, sendo retiradas aleatoriamente três amostras, a cada 15 dias, para avaliação da viabilidade das bactérias, por meio da contagem em placas. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma redução não significativa (P>0,05) na população de células viáveis, correspondente a 2%, após 30 dias de armazenamento. Verificou-se também, após esse período, uma população aproximada equivalente a 3,00 x 108 UFC/g. Dessa forma, demonstrou-se a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de formulações probióticas por meio da incorporação de cepas específicas em rações de trutas, o que poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias alternativas para produção de peixes.(AU)
Among the exotic species of fish produced in Brazil, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been highlighted during the past few years. The expansion of this sector has been intensifying the need for further studies in order to decrease production and health problems presented in aquaculture, as well as to develop alternative technics to controversial antimicrobial treatments. In this context, the use of probiotics has been shown to be a promising approach to the improvement in trout husbandry. Thus, the present study aimed to contribute to the development of an alternative technology in the rainbow trout husbandry by evaluating the effect of probiotic preparations on the performance of the animals subjected to conventional husbandry conditions or chronic stress. Therefore, in this paper we report the results regarding the evaluation of the viability of a pool of 4 Lactobacillus probiotic strains incorporated into rainbow trout ration using soybean oil as vehicle. The results have demonstrated a high efficacy of cell incorporation into the ration with high viability rate after storage for 120 days at 4°C.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Oncorhynchus mykiss/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Lactobacillus , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and immunological parameters of yellowtail lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus), fed with different frequencies of the probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.). Fishes were distributed into 20 experimental units and divided in five treatments: control (0%), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of probiotic supply. A higher presence of total leukocytes (47.70 103cell µl-1), lymphocytes (36.11 103cell µl-1) and monocytes (11.58 103cell µl-1) was verified in fish fed 100% of probiotic, showing a directly proportional ratio among the frequencies of the probiotic supply on the availability of circulating cells in the circulatory system (R² 094-0.97). Hematocrit (27.30-34.63%), hemoglobin (7.00-10.90g dl-1), mean corpuscular volume (4.21-5.45 10-5.pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (3.45-5.40 10-6.pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, (2.99-4.35g dl-1), total protein (44.32-50.26mg ml-1) and total plasma immunoglobulin (27.96-34.08mg ml-1) did not diverge among treatments. The frequency of the probiotic supply interferes with the hematological profile, although lactic acid bacteria were present in the same concentrations in the intestinal tract, regardless of the probiotic supply, there was an increase in circulating leukocytes, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, in lambari fed probiotic with more frequency.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e imunológicos do lambari-do-rabo-amarelo (Astyanax bimaculatus) alimentado com diferentes frequências de probiótico (Lactobacillus spp.). Os peixes foram distribuídos em 20 unidades experimentais e divididos em cinco tratamentos: controle (0%), 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% de frequência na suplementação probiótica. Alta presença de leucócitos totais (47,70 10³ células µ-1), linfócitos (36,11 10³ células µ-1) e monócitos (11,58 10³ células µ-1) em peixes alimentados com 100% de probiótico apresenta uma taxa diretamente proporcional entre as frequências da suplementação probiótica na disponibilidade das células no sistema circulatório (R² 094-0,97). Hematócrito (27,30-34,63%), hemoglobina (7,00-10,90g dL-¹), volume corpuscular médio (4,21-5,45 10-5.pg), hemoglobina corpuscular média (3,45-5,40 10-6.pg), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (2,99-4,35g dl-1), proteína total (44,32-50,26mg ml-1) e imunoglobulina plasmática total (27,96-34,08mg ml-1) não divergiram entre os tratamentos. A frequência da suplementação probiótica interferiu no perfil hematológico. Embora as bactérias ácido láticas estejam presentes na mesma concentração no trato intestinal, independentemente da oferta de probiótico, houve um aumento na circulação de leucócitos, especialmente linfócitos e monócitos, nos lambaris alimentados com maior frequência.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Caraciformes/sangue , Lactobacillus , Ácido LácticoRESUMO
Introducción: La vaginitis citolítica (VC) se refiere a la lisis de las células del epitelio intermedio de la vagina causado por un aumento de lactobacilos que provocan acidificación extrema de la vagina. Los síntomas pueden llevar a confundir su diagnóstico con vulvovaginitis candidiásica (VVC), por lo que puede ser tratada de manera errónea con antimicóticos sin responder al tratamiento. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento diferencial de la VC. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en varias bases de datos: Academic Google, Scopus, PubMed, LILACS, ClinicalKey utilizando los términos MeSH y DeCS: "vaginitis citolítica", "cytolitic vaginitis", "vulvovaginitis candidiásica", "vaginitis recurrente". Resultados: Se identificaron 42 artículos de los cuales se seleccionó 34 para la presente revisión. Discusión: En la VC a través de estudios complementarios se puede identificar abundantes lactobacilos, especialmente L. crispatus y pH vaginal inferior a lo normal. El examen lipídico de secreciones vaginales, sugiere la existencia de niveles elevados de lípidos relacionados con apoptosis celular, estrés oxidativo y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano. El objetivo del tratamiento es mejorar la exagerada acidez vaginal para lo cual se recomienda el empleo de baños de asiento o duchas vaginales con bicarbonato de sodio entre otras medidas. Conclusiones: La VC es una entidad frecuente pero poco conocida, comúnmente confundida con VVC. Su tratamiento debe evitar el uso de antimicóticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Doenças Vaginais , Vaginite , Candida , LactobacillusRESUMO
Background: The intestinal bacterial community has an important role in maintaining human health. Dysbiosis is a key inducer of many chronic diseases including obesity and diabetes. Kunming mice are frequently used as a model of human disease and yet little is known about the bacterial microbiome resident to the gastrointestinal tract. Results: We undertook metagenomic sequencing of the luminal contents of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum of Kunming mice. Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum of each intestinal tract and Lactobacillus the dominant genus. However, the bacterial composition differed among the seven intestinal tracts of Kunming mice. Compared with the small intestine, the large intestine bacterial community of Kunming mice is more stable and diverse. Conclusions: To our knowledge, ours is the first study to systematically describe the gastrointestinal bacterial composition of Kunming mice. Our findings provide a better understanding of the bacterial composition of Kunming mice and serves as a foundation for the study of precision medicine.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Firmicutes/isolamento & purificação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Background: Hong Qu glutinous rice wine (HQGRW) is brewed under non-aseptic fermentation conditions, so it usually has a relatively high total acid content. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the bacterial communities and total acid during the fermentation of HQGRW and elucidate the correlation between total acid and bacterial communities. Results: The results showed that the period of rapid acid increase during fermentation occurred at the early stage of fermentation. There was a negative response between total acid increase and the rate of increase in alcohol during the early fermentation stage. Bacterial community analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology was found that the dominant bacterial communities changed during the traditional fermentation of HQGRW. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that there was a great difference between the bacterial communities of Hong Qu starter and those identified during the fermentation process. Furthermore, the key bacteria likely to be associated with total acid were identified by Spearman's correlation analysis. Lactobacillus, unclassified Lactobacillaceae, and Pediococcus were found, which can make significant contributions to the total acid development (| r| N 0.6 with FDR adjusted P b 0.05), establishing that these bacteria can associate closely with the total acid of rice wine. Conclusions: This was the first study to investigate the correlation between bacterial communities and total acid during the fermentation of HQGRW. These findings may be helpful in the development of a set of fermentation techniques for controlling total acid.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Vinho/microbiologia , Pediococcus/isolamento & purificação , Pediococcus/genética , Pediococcus/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Acetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Acetobacter/genética , Acetobacter/metabolismo , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise de Sequência , Biologia Computacional , Análise de Componente Principal , Fermentação , Microbiota , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus/genética , Lactobacillus/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical neglected disease with high associated rates of mortality. Several studies have highlighted the importance of the intestinal tract (IT) and gut microbiota (GM) in the host immunological defense. Data in the literature on parasite life cycle and host immune defense against VL are scarce regarding the effects of infection on the IT and GM. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes observed in the colon of Leishmania infantum-infected hamsters, including alterations in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and GM (specifically, levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). METHODS Male hamsters were inoculated with L. infantum and euthanised at four or eight months post-infection. Intestines were processed for histological analysis and GM analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to quantify each group of bacteria: Bifidobacterium spp. (Bf) and Lactobacillus spp (LacB). FINDINGS Infected hamsters showed histoarchitectural loss in the colon wall, with increased thickness in the submucosa and the mucosa layer, as well as greater numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Forms suggestive of amastigotes were seen inside mononuclear cells. L. infantum infection induced changes in ENS, as evidenced by increases in the area of colonic enteric ganglia. Despite the absence of changes in the levels of Bf and LacB during the course of infection, the relative abundance of these bacteria was associated with parasite load and histological alterations. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that L. infantum infection leads to important changes in the colon and suggest that bacteria in the GM play a protective role.