Escala da Satisfação com a decisão em saúde: instrumento adaptado e validado para língua portuguesa / Decision making satisfaction in health scale: instrument adapted and validated to portuguese / Escala de la satisfacción con las decisiones en la salud: instrumento adaptado y validado para el idioma portugués

A tomada de decisão é uma área de investigação na saúde que tem vindo a ganhar importância quer pelos modelos de parceria de cuidados que dão protagonismo ao paciente e família, quer pela preocupação crescente com a qualidade e satisfação do cliente com os cuidados disponibilizados. Assim, propusemo-nos efetuar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), que visa avaliar a satisfação com as decisões tomadas em saúde. A amostra foi constituída por 521 estudantes da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de fiabilidade revelam uma boa consistência interna para o total dos itens (Alpha Cronbach = 0,88). O estudo psicométrico permite-nos afirmar que a versão em Português da "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", que denominamos "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", é um instrumento fidedigno e válido.

Decision making is an area of health research that has gained importance both for the partnership models of care that give prominence to the patient and family, either by growing concern about quality and customer satisfaction with the care provided. So we decided to make the cultural adaptation and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), which aims to assess satisfaction with the decisions taken in health. The sample consisted of 521 nursing students the School of Nursing of Porto. The results of reliability tests show good internal consistency for the total items (Alpha Cronbach = 0.88). The psychometric study allows us to state that the Portuguese version of "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", we call "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", is an instrument comparable with the original in terms of validity and reliability.

La toma de decisiones es un área de investigación en salud que ha ganado importancia tanto por los modelos de atención dirigida al paciente y su familia, como por la creciente preocupación por la calidad y satisfacción del cliente con la atención recibida. Por esta razón decidimos hacer la adaptación transcultural y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale" de Holmes-Rovner (1996), que tiene como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción con las decisiones adoptadas en materia de salud. La muestra consta de 521 estudiantes de la Escuela de Enfermería del Porto. Los resultados de las pruebas de fiabilidad muestran una buena consistencia interna para la escala total (Alpha Cronbach = 0,88). El estudio psicométrico nos permite afirmar que la versión en portugués de "The Satisfaction with Decision Scale", que nosotros llamamos "Escala da Satisfação com a Decisão em Saúde", es válida.

Interferon-γ inhibits group B Streptococcus survival within human endothelial cells

Endothelial dysfunction is a major component of the pathophysiology of septicaemic group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections. Although cytokines have been shown to activate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the capacity of interferon (IFN)-γ to enhance the microbicidal activity of HUVECs against GBS has not been studied. We report that the viability of intracellular bacteria was reduced in HUVECs activated by IFN-γ. Enhanced fusion of lysosomes with bacteria-containing vacuoles was observed by acid phosphatase and the colocalisation of Rab-5, Rab-7 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 with GBS in IFN-γ-activated HUVECs. IFN-γ resulted in an enhancement of the phagosome maturation process in HUVECs, improving the capacity to control the intracellular survival of GBS.

Activity of praziquantel on in vitro transformed Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts

Praziquantel (PZQ) is effective against all the evolutive phases of Schistosoma mansoni. Infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails have their cercarial shedding interrupted when exposed to PZQ. Using primary in vitro transformed sporocysts, labeled with the probe Hoechst 33258 (indicator of membrane integrity), and lectin of Glycine max (specific for carbohydrate of N-acetylgalactosamine membrane), we evaluated the presence of lysosomes at this evolutive phase of S. mansoni, as well as the influence of PZQ on these acidic organelles and on the tegument of the sporocyst. Although the sporocyst remained alive, it was observed that there was a marked contraction of its musculature, and there occurred a change in the parasite's structure. Also, the acidic vesicles found in the sporocysts showed a larger delimited area after contact of the parasites with PZQ. Damages to the tegument was also observed, as show a well-marked labeling either with Hoechst 33258 or with lectin of Glycine max after contact of sporocysts with the drug. These results could partially explain the interruption/reduction mechanism of cercarial shedding in snails exposed to PZQ.

Role of Lysosomes on human ulcerogenic gastropathies. Effect of zinc ion on the lysosomal stability

Numerous conditions are involved in the equilibrium between protective and aggressive factors for gastric mucosa injuring. Among them the lysosomal membrane stability plays a very important role in the inflammatory process. Zinc ion is a well-known lysosomal membrane stabilizer. When given orally to animals or even to humans it protects gastric mucosa against erosive lesions induced by a variety of experimental conditions. Compared with the control group (8,45 + 1,49 mU/mg) the lysosomes isolated from samples of gastric mucosa obtained from patients suffering of erosive gastropathies, showed a great liability on their membrane (18,37 + 4,52 mU/mg). When these patients were treated orally with zinc sulfate (100 mg of zinc element, twice a day, for two weeks) the lysosomes isolated from their gastric mucosa showed a strong reduction on enzymatic activity (5,49 + 1,02 mU/mg), probably due to increasing on the membrane stability. Based on these experimental findings we propose the use of zinc ion as na important adjuvant in treatment of erosive gastropathies.

Action of estrogen alone on the number of lysosomes in the rat endometrial epithelium

In order to determine the possible variations in the number of lysosomes in the glandular epithelium of endometrial cells of rats under estrogen action alone, the following groups of rats were studied: I, rats in estrous phase; II, oophorectomized rats; III, oophorectomized plus estrogen treated rats. Lysosomes were visualized by Gomori's method for acid phosphatase and counted by two researchers. The results obtained were statistically significant, with higher values in oophorectomized plus estrogen treated rats than in oophorectomized animals. Rats in estrous phase also presented a higher number of lysosomes than those of oophorectomized and not treated with estrogen

Canatoxin induces activation on mice peritoneal macrophages

Canatoxin (CNTX), the toxic protein from Canavalia ensiformis seeds, injected into the peritoneal cavities of mice (10 micrograms/cavity) induced a significant neutrophil migration (10.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) cells/cavity) after 4 h. A later migratory effect (48 h) on mononuclear cells, predominantly macrophages, was also observed (controls: 7 +/- 0.9; CNTX: 17 +/- 2.0 x 10(6) cells/cavity). These CNTX-elicited macrophages, when compared to resident cells (R) or cells elicited by thioglycollate (TG), had an increased content of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (R: 4.5 +/- 0.5; TG: 7.2 +/- 1.0; CNTX: 20.2 +/- 3.0 mU/10(6) cells) and a greater (> or = 100%) phagocytic activity. The data suggest that CNTX-stimulated macrophages presented some characteristics of activated cells

In vivo effects of stevioside upon mice liver and kidney lysosomes

Diante das importantes funçöes celulares como a endocitose, a digestäo e a desintoxicaçäo, exercidas pelos diferentes componentes do compartimento lisossômico, decidimos estudar os efeitos in vivo do esteviosídeo sobre a atividade lisossômica. Näo foram observadas mudanças estatisticamente significantes na estabilidade das membranas lisossômicas do rim e do fígado, em camundongos tratados com 50mg/Kg peso corporal/dia. Na dose de 100mg/Kg/dia foi observado um pequeno efeito labilizador nos lisossomos hepáticos, mas näo sobre os renais

Compuestos lisosomotrópicos inhibidores de la multiplicación del virus Junín / Lysosomotropic compounds inhibiting the multiplication of Junin virus

La multiplicación del virus Junín en células Vero fue inhibida por la acción de drogas lisosomotrópicas de carácter básico como cloruro de amonio, clorhidrato de procaína y clorofeniramina. El efecto inhibitorio del cloruro de amonio (15mM) es máximo cuando la droga es agregada junto con el inóculo viral o inmediatamente después de la infección, pero aun agregado 8 horas después de la infección produce una inhibición significativa del 97,8%. Estos resultados indicarían que la droga actúa fundamentalmente sobre una etapa temprana del ciclo de multiplicación viral. Por lo tanto, el mecanismo de entrada del virus Junín a la célula transcurriría a través de una endocitosis mediada por receptor

Efeito in vitro do esteviosídeo sobre a atividade lisossômica / In vitro effect of stevioside upon the lysossomal activity

O estudo da açäo do esteviosídeo sobre a fisiologia celular é amplamente justificado em funçäo da utilizaçäo deste glicosídeo na dieta e nas indústrias farmacêuticas e de alimentos. Neste trabalho, analisaram-se os efeitos que soluçöes de esteviosídeo, nas concentraçöes finais de 3,3 x 10*-9M, 3,3 x 10*-4M, provocaram sobre a estabilidade das membranas dos diversos componentes do compartimento lisossômicos, isolados de fígados de camundongos. Os resultados indicaram que as soluçöes nas concentraçöes 3,3 x 10*-6M, 3,3 x 10*-5M e 3,3 x 10*-4M têm efeito estabilizador sobre os complexos de membranas de lisossomos hepáticos, enquanto que as soluçöes nas concentraçöes 3,3 x 10*-9M, 3,3 x 10*-8M e 3,3 x 10*-7M näo determinaram nenhum efeito estatisticamente significante que pudesse ser avaliado através da metodologia aqui empregada

From lysosomes to cells, from cells to Leishmania: amino acid esters as potential chemotherapeutic agents

Amino acid esters can disrupt lysosomes and damage monocytes and certain lymphocyte populations. Lysosomal disruption involves pH trapping of the esters, followed by their hydrolyssis by as yet unidentified enzymes. Accumulation of the more polar amino acids is assumed to cause osmotic lysis of the organelles. we have discovered that certain amino acid esters and amides destroy Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigores lodged within macrophages in culture, as well as parasites isolated from mouse lesions. This paper reviews the amino acid specificity of parasite killing, the resistance of amastigotes derived from infection of macrophages with promastigotes, the involvement of an acidified compartment within the parasites, and the protection conferred by other amino acid esters, and the protease inhibitors antipain and chymostatin, aginst the destruction of amastigotes by Leucine-methyl ester. Studies with tritiated esters confirm the critical role of ester hydrolysis for leishmanicidal activity and strengthen the view that similar mechanisms underlie disruption of lysosomes and destruction of Leismania. Characterization of the parasite organelles and of the enzymes involved in the leishmanicidal activity as well as structure-activity studies may permit the design of compounds mor selective for the parasites

Efecto de la tioacetamida sobre el hígado de rata en condiciones de diferente aporte de proteína en la diet a / Effect of thioacetamide on rat liver under different protein intakes conditions in the diet

En países subdesarrollados la mayoría de la población está expuesta a la deficiencia proteínica en la alimentación y consecuentemente al síndrome de prekwashiorkor, acompañado de bajas defensas del organismo. En estas condiciones aumenta la sensibilidad del humano a los agentes ambientales, cuyo número crece día a día y plantea un serio problema de salud, fundamentando la búsqueda de la fórmula alimentaria ópitma como medida protectora. El propósito de este trabajo es corroborar si la proteína de la alimentación puede fungir como antídoto de la acción tóxica de la tioacetamida que recae sobre el hígado y, al igual que la inanición proteínica, afecta la estructura y las funciones de los hepatocitos. El estudio se realizó a nivel subcelular (lisosomas) en aspectos enzimático (enzimas marcadoras-fosfatasa ácida, ribonucleasa ácida y catepsina) y morfológico. Se encontró: la tiocetamida en condiciones de aporte normal proteínico (18,5%) en la dieta provoca cambios moderados característicos (necrosis centrolobular, alteración del patrón enzimático y de la permeabilidad de membranas lisosomales). En deficiencia proteínica (4%) la afección es mucho más severa histológica y enzimáticamente (necrosis extensa, infiltración periportal grasa, alteración del patrón enzimático, permeabilidad de membranas lisosomal y celular). En condiciones de alimentación rica en proteína (44.5%) los cambios histológicos son discretos, sin afección enzimática ni estructural. Se concluye: el aporte elevado de proteína en la dieta surte en ratas efecto de antídoto de la acción hepatotóxica de la tioacetamida, hecho que plantea la posible utilidad de la proteína dietética en la protección del organismo contra la contaminación ambiental

Açäo protetora "in vivo" de verapamil sobre lisosomas isolados de fígados de camundongos submetidos à intoxicaçäo alcoólica crônica / In vivo protective action of verapamil upon lysosomes isolated from livers of mice subjected to chronical alcoholic intoxication

A intoxicaçäo alcoólica crônica leva ao desenvolvimento de processos toxi-inflamatório do fígado, provavelmente ligados a modificaçöes da permeabilidade da membrana dos linsosomas, assim como, e também, ao estado de desnutriçäo que, quase sempre, se estabelece com o álcoolismo. O álcool etílico, administrado cronicamente em camundongos, foi capaz de aumentar a atividade lisosomial de 51%, em relaçäo aos controles. O verapamil, substância protetora lisosomial, quando administrada simultaneamente com o álcool etílico, näo só foi capaz de impedir a labilizaçäo da membrana dos linsosomas pelo etanol, como, inclusive, de aumentar a estabilidade destas organelas em 19%. Portanto, o verapamil mostrou-se como ótima substância para impedir o efeito labilizador do álcool etílico sobre s lisosomas hepáticos