Cáncer oral: etiología, lesiones precancerosas y tratamiento / Oral cancer: etiology, precancerous lesions and treatment

Introducción: el cáncer oral es una de las neoplasias malignas más comunes en el mundo, sin embargo, a pesar de las herramientas diagnósticas actuales, existe un alto grado de morbilidad y mortalidad debido al diagnóstico tardío y a la falta de conciencia por parte de la población sobre el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, entre otras sustancias. Objetivo: el objetivo de la presente revisión es brindar información actual sobre las lesiones precancerosas, etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer oral. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en cinco bases de datos digitales sobre artículos revisados por pares desde el 2015 hasta la actualidad. Conclusión: el cáncer oral es una patología frecuente que causa graves consecuencias y secuelas en las personas que lo padecen, un conocimiento amplio de las lesiones premalignas junto con el diagnóstico temprano por parte del profesional y una mayor conciencia sobre los factores de riesgo, juegan un papel fundamental para prevenir la presencia y desarrollo de esta patología (AU)

Introduction: oral cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the world, despite the current diagnostic tools, there is a high degree of morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosis and lack of awareness of the population on the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, among other substances. Objective: the objective of this review is to provide present information of the precancerous lesions, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Material and methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in five digital databases on peerreviewed articles from 2015 to the present. Conclusion: oral cancer is a frequent pathology that can cause serious consequences and sequelae in people who suffer it, an extensive knowledge of premalignant lesions among with an early diagnosis by the professional and a greater awareness of risk factors, play a fundamental role to prevent the establishment and/or progression of this pathology (AU)

Carcinoma oral de células escamosas y su posible asociación con la higiene bucal / Oral squamous cell carcinoma and possible association with oral hygiene

El cáncer se caracteriza por la falta de diferenciación citológica, autonomía de la homeostasis local y general; el cáncer bucal ocupa el sexto sitio de frecuencia de todas las áreas del cuerpo. Alrededor de 90% de los tipos histológicos de cáncer en cavidad bucal corresponden a carcinoma bucal de células escamosas (COCE) (AU)

Cancer is characterized by a lack of cytological differentiation, autonomy of local and general homeostasis, and oral cancer ranks sixth frequency site of all areas of the body. About 90% of histologic types of oral cavity cancer are OSCC (AU)

Prevalencia de neoplasias malignas en 2042 casos consecutivos / Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in 2,042 consecutive cases

Introducción: las neoplasias malignas en cavidad oral representan de 3-5% de todas las neoplasias, el carcinoma de células escamosas representa 90%, es la neoplasia más frecuente. Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de neoplasias malignas diagnosticadas histopatológicamente en 2,042 casos consecutivos en la cavidad oral, en un servicio patológico privado, clasificándolas por edad, sexo y localización. Material y métodos: estudio transversal de un muestreo por conveniencia en un periodo que data de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: la prevalencia de neoplasias malignas fue de 6.06% (124/2042). Conclusiones: las neoplasias malignas afectan principalmente a personas mayores de 40 años con predilección por el sexo masculino, probablemente porque las mujeres acuden con mayor frecuencia a evaluaciones médicas (AU)

Introduction: malignant neoplasms in oral cavity represent 3 to 5% of all the neoplasms where squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent with a representation rate of 90%. Objective: identify the frequency of malignant neoplasms diagnosed histopathologically in 2,042 consecutive cases in the oral cavity in a private oral pathology service, classifying them by age, sex and location. Material and methods: cross-sectional study of a sampling for convenience from the periods of January 2017 to December 2018. Results: the prevalence of malignant neoplasms was 6.06% (124/2042). Conclusions: malignant neoplasms mainly affect people over 40; with a predilection for the male sex, probably because women attend medical evaluations more frequently (AU)

Evaluation of Cytotoxic effect of Moringa peregrina seeds on Oral Cancer, CAL 27, Cell Line and Red Blood Cells Hemolysis / Evaluación del efecto citotóxico de las semillas de Moringa peregrina en el cáncer oral, CAL 27, líneas celulares y hemólisis de glóbulos rojos

Background: Moringa peregrina Forssk is a well-known plant in ethnomedicine due to its widespread uses in various diseases like cough, wound healing, rhinitis, fever, and detoxification. The plant seeds contain compounds that are cytotoxic to many cancer cells. During the therapeutic use of plants via the oral route, some compounds present in the plants may be cytotoxic to normal cell lines and red blood cells. Objective: This study was the first report of investigation of the cytotoxic profile on oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line, and hemolytic activities on human erythrocytes of Moringa peregrina seeds ethanolic extract (MPSE). Methods: MPSE was screened for its cytotoxic effect against oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The toxicity of MPSE on human erythrocytes was determined by in vitro hemolytic assay. Results: MPSE showed significant anti-proliferative activity against oral cancer, CAL 27 cell line at lower concentrations with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 21.03 µg/mL. At 1,000 µg/ml of MPSE, the maximum hemolysis was found to be 14.3% which is within safer limit. Conclusions: This study revealed a potential anti-oral cancer of MPSE and provided a baseline for its potential use in oral cancer treatment with minimum hemolytic effect on human RBCs.

La Moringa peregrina Forssk es una planta muy conocida en etnomedicina debido a sus usos generalizados en diversas enfermedades como la tos, la cicatrización de heridas, la rinitis, la fiebre y la desintoxicación. Las semillas de la planta contienen compuestos citotóxicos para muchas células cancerosas. Durante el uso terapéutico de las plantas por vía oral, algunos compuestos presentes en ellas pueden ser citotóxicos para las líneas celulares normales y los glóbulos rojos. Objetivo: Este estudio fue el primer informe de investigación del perfil citotóxico sobre el cáncer oral, CAL 27, línea celular, y las actividades hemolíticas en eritrocitos humanos del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringa peregrina (MPSE). Métodos: Se examinó el efecto citotóxico del MPSE contra la línea celular de cáncer oral CAL 27 mediante el ensayo con bromuro de 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2, 5,-difeniltetrazolio (MTT). La toxicidad del MPSE sobre los eritrocitos humanos se determinó mediante un ensayo hemolítico in vitro. Resultados: MPSE mostró una actividad antiproliferativa significativa contra el cáncer oral, línea celular CAL 27 a concentraciones más bajas con un valor de concentración inhibitoria media máxima (IC50) de 21,03 µg/mL. A 1.000 µg/ml de MPSE, la hemólisis máxima fue del 14,3%, lo que está dentro del límite de seguridad. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló un potencial anticancerígeno oral de MPSE y proporcionó una base para su uso potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer oral con un efecto hemolítico mínimo en los glóbulos rojos humanos.

Avaliação dos principais fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento do carcinoma espinocelular: revisão narrativa de literatura / Evaluation of the main risk factors associated with the development of spinocellular carcinoma: narrative literature review

Introdução: A detecção precoce de lesões malignas na cavidade oral é crucial para a prevenção do câncer oral. Cirurgiões-dentistas desempenham um papel vital ao compreender os fatores de risco do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) a fim de facilitar essa prevenção. No entanto, a identificação do câncer bucal é complexa, sendo a falta de capacitação um obstáculo para diagnósticos oportunos. Objetivo: Este estudo visa apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento do CEC a estudantes e profissionais da área. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca de artigos científicos publicados entre 2015 e 2023 nas bases de dados SciELO, Pubmed e ScienceDirect. As palavras-chave foram escolhidas com base nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), abrangendo "Neoplasias Bucais" e "Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas". Resultados: Foram identificados 502 documentos. Após critérios de exclusão, 26 artigos científicos originais relacionados ao tema foram considerados elegíveis. Conclusão: O papel do cirurgião-dentista é essencial na prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer oral, exigindo total atualização sobre os fatores de risco para um desempenho eficaz.

Introduction: Early detection of malignant lesions in the oral cavity is crucial for the prevention of oral cancer. Surgeons-dentists play a vital role in understanding the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to facilitate this prevention. However, the identification of oral cancer is complex, being the lack of training an obstacle for timely diagnoses. Objective: This study aims to present, through a literature review, the risk factors associated with the development of CEC to students and professionals of the area. Materials and methods: A search was carried out for scientific articles published between 2015 and 2023 in the SciELO, Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases. The keywords were chosen based on the Describers in Health Sciences (DeCS), encompassing "Buccal Neoplasms" and "Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Results: Foram identified 502 documents. After exclusion criteria, 26 original scientific articles related to the topic were considered eligible. Conclusion: The role of dental surgery is essential in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer, requiring full updating on risk factors for effective performance.

Tratamento reabilitador com prótese obturadora em paciente acometido por maxilectomia parcial: relato de caso / Rehabilitative treatment with obturator prosthesis in a patient suffering from partial maxillectomy: case report

Introdução: O tratamento de tumores malignos ou benignos, podem resultar em procedimentos cirúrgicos, como a maxilectomia parcial ou total, gerando comunicação bucosinusal nos pacientes. Uma forma de resolver estas alterações maxilofaciais é através do tratamento reabilitador com próteses obturadoras a fim de restabelecer a função mastigatória, estética, fonética e psicológica. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso clínico de um paciente oncológico que foi reabilitado com prótese obturadora devido à maxilectomia por neoplasia maligna de seio maxilar. Relato de caso: Paciente de 62 anos, sexo masculino, procurou atendimento odontológico no Centro de Oncologia Bucal da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) de Araçatuba ­ SP após a realização de uma maxilectomia parcial com comunicação bucosinusal e foi encaminhado para o Curso de Especialização em Prótese Dentária da Faculdade de Odontologia ­ Unesp/Araçatuba-SP para a reabilitação. Foi proposto, primeiramente a realização da prótese obturadora para fechar a comunicação bucosinusal e uma prótese total inferior para o arco antagonista e, posteriormente, a realização de uma prótese facial. Conclusão: O tratamento reabilitador com próteses obturadoras possui um bom resultado estético e funcional, favorecendo uma melhor função mastigatória e fonética, e melhorando consideravelmente a condição psicológica que é muito afetada nos pacientes submetidos a maxilectomia total ou parcial, sendo necessário uma boa interação com toda a equipe multiprofissional envolvida para que haja um melhor tratamento integrado para a reabilitação e melhora da qualidade de vida(AU)

Introduction: The treatment of malignant or benign tumors can result in surgical procedures, such as partial or total maxillectomy, generating oral communication in patients. One way to resolve these maxillofacial changes is through rehabilitative treatment with obturator prostheses in order to reestablish masticatory, aesthetic, phonetic and psychological function. Objective: the objective of this work was to report the clinical case of a cancer patient who was rehabilitated with an obturator prosthesis due to maxillectomy for malignant neoplasia of the maxillary sinus. Case report: A 62-year-old male patient sought dental care at the Oral Oncology Center of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) in Araçatuba ­ SP after undergoing a partial maxillectomy with oral cavity and was referred for the Specialization Course in Dental Prosthesis at the Faculty of Dentistry ­ Unesp/Araçatuba-SP for rehabilitation. It was proposed, firstly, to create an obturator prosthesis to close the bucosinusal communication and a total lower prosthesis for the antagonistic arch and, later, to create a facial prosthesis. Conclusion: Rehabilitative treatment with obturator prostheses has a good aesthetic and functional result, favoring better chewing and phonetic function, and considerably improving the psychological condition that is greatly affected in patients undergoing total or partial maxillectomy, requiring good interaction with the entire the multidisciplinary team involved so that there is better integrated treatment for rehabilitation and improved quality of life

Biópsia excisional de lipoma em fundo de vestíbulo mandibular: um relato de caso / Excisional biopsy of lipoma in the buccal mandibular vestibule: a case report

Introdução: os lipomas são as neoplasias benignas de origem mesenquimal mais comum, podendo acometer diversas partes do corpo, sendo a região maxilofacial, de fato, uma das menos frequentes. Clinicamente, manifestam-se como aumentos de volume de crescimento lento e circunscrito, de base séssil ou pediculada, superfície lisa e consistência macia e coloração amarelada. Os sítios intra-orais mais acometidos são a mucosa jugal e o vestíbulo bucal.Dentre suas variantes microscópicas mais comuns, estão o fibrolipoma, composto de um componente fibroso. No entanto, tais variações não afetam o prognóstico do seu tratamento, que deve ser realizado através da excisão conservadora da lesão. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso atípico de lipoma intra-oral. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 67 anos, apresentou-se com aumento de volume em região de fundo de vestíbulo mandibular com evolução de, aproximadamente, 10 meses, indolor, com queixas de dificuldade no posicionamento da prótese dentária inferior. O diagnóstico inicial foi de lipoma, confirmado por análise anatomopatológica através de biópsia excisional da peça. Considerações finais: O tratamento de lipomas intra-orais preconizado pela literatura é a excisão local, obtida por meio da biópsia excisional, sendo uma solução eficaz e de baixa morbidade ao paciente(AU)

Introduction: lipomas are the most common benign neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, which can affect different parts of the body, with the maxillofacial region, in fact, one of the least frequent. Clinically, they manifest as slow-growing, circumscribed swellings, with a sessile or pedunculated base, smooth surface, soft consistency and yellowish color. The most affected intraoral sites are the buccal mucosa and the buccal vestibule. Among its most common microscopic variants are the fibrolipoma, composed of a fibrous component. However, such variations do not affect the prognosis of its treatment, which must be carried out through conservative excision of the lesion. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to report an atypical case of intraoral lipoma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 67-yearold female patient presented with swelling in the bottom region of the mandibular vestibule with an evolution of approximately 10 months, painless, with complaints of difficulty in positioning the lower dental prosthesis. The initial diagnosis was lipoma, confirmed by anatomopathological analysis through excisional biopsy of the specimen. Final considerations: The treatment of intraoral lipomas recommended by the literature is local excision, obtained through excisional biopsy, being an effective solution with low morbidity for the patient(AU)

The importance of cyclooxigenase in dentistry: a narrative review

Aim: Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes during pain and inflammation conditions. These enzymes have also been linked to several other conditions and diseases, and hence, in dentistry, it is crucial to identify the processes that increase the levels of these mediators. This paper aims to describe the significance of COX in dental practice through a narrative review. Methods: Articles relating to COX upregulation published in English and Spanish over the last 51 years in databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science; were analyzed. Results: A total of 115 articles demonstrating the relationship between COX upregulation and multiple conditions and diseases of importance in prosthodontics, periodontics, oral pathology, orthodontics, and endodontics were included. Conclusions: COX upregulation is related to inflammatory and malignant diseases in oral tissues, such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer, nevertheless, its expression is advantageous in other fields of study such as orthodontics. Additionally, is well documented that dental materials provoke an undesired increase in COX expression, which could be a significant factor that directly affects pulpal health

Avaliação do Conhecimento de Graduandos em Odontologia sobre Lesões Orais Malignas e Desordens Orais Potencialmente Malignas / Evaluation of the Knowledge of Dentistry Graduates about Malignant Oral Lesions and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders

As alterações orais potencialmente malignas e o câncer oral, quando diagnosticados precocemente, possuem um bom prognóstico. No entanto, a imprecisão nos atendimentos odontológicos dificulta a detecção precoce, fazendo com que o câncer bucal permaneça como um problema de saúde pública atualmente. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de graduandos em odontologia sobre lesões orais de câncer e alterações orais potencialmente malignas. Método: Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário virtual, enviado para graduandos de odontologia de algumas universidades/faculdades localizadas no Estado da Bahia, entre os meses de junho e outubro de 2022. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e quatro conceitos foram estabelecidos: A (ótimo nível de informação); B (bom nível de informação); C (nível insatisfatório de informação); e D (péssimo nível de informação). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 161 estudantes, a maioria entre 20 e 29 anos e do sexo feminino (78,3%). Não houve uma diferença estatística significativa entre os estudantes com até um ano de aprovação em componentes curriculares de estomatologia, patologia ou correlatos, com discentes com mais de um ano de aprovação (p = 0,126). A leucoplasia foi a alteração mais relacionada ao câncer (77%) para os entrevistados, e apenas 23% dos graduandos obtiveram o conceito A; no entanto, 96,9% dos entrevistados possuem interesse em assistir ao curso de educação contínua sobre o assunto. Conclusão: A maioria dos acadêmicos avaliados apresentou um bom nível de informação, entretanto, observou-se que os fatores de risco e a localização das lesões malignas geraram grandes dúvidas nos participantes deste estudo.

Potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer in early stages, when diagnosed early, have good prognosis. However, oral cancer is a public health problem today due to imprecision of dental care which makes early detection difficult. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of dental students about oral cancer lesions and potentially malignant oral disorders. Method: Data were collected through a virtual questionnaire sent to undergraduate dentistry students from some universities/colleges located in the state of Bahia, between June and October 2022. Subsequently, the data were statically analyzed and four concepts were established: A (excellent level of information); B (good level of information); C (unsatisfactory level of information) and D (very poor level of information). Results: The sample consisted of 161 female students (78.3%) mostly between 20 and 29 years old. There was no statistically significant difference between students with up to one year of approval in stomatology, pathology or related disciplines, an students with more than one year of approval (p = 0.126). Leukoplakia was the disorder most related to cancer (77%) and only 23% of undergraduates obtained grade A, however, 96.9% of the respondents are interested in attending a continuing education course on the subject. Conclusion: The majority of the students evaluated had good level of information, nevertheless, the study participants had great doubts about the risk factors and the location of malignant lesions.

Los trastornos orales potencialmente malignos y el cáncer oral en estadios tempranos, cuando se diagnostican a tiempo, tienen un buen pronóstico. Sin embargo, la imprecisión en los tratamientos dentales dificulta la detección previa, por lo que el cáncer bucal sigue siendo un problema de salud pública en la actualidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de odontología sobre las lesiones orales cancerosas y los trastornos orales potencialmente malignos. Método: Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario virtual, enviado a estudiantes de grado en odontología de algunas universidades/facultades ubicadas en el estado de Bahía, entre junio y octubre de 2022. Posteriormente, los datos fueron analizados estadisticamente y se establecieron cuatro conceptos: A (nivel excelente de información); B (buen nivel de información); C (nivel de información insatisfactorio) y D (nivel de información muy bajo). Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 161 estudiantes, la mayoría entre 20 y 29 años y de sexo femenino (78,3%). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre estudiantes con hasta un año de aprobación en estomatología, patología o disciplinas afines, con estudiantes con más de un año de aprobación (p=0,126). La leucoplasia fue el trastorno que más se relacionó con el cáncer (77%) y solo el 23% de los estudiantes de pregrado obtuvo la calificación A, sin embargo, el 96,9% de los encuestados está interesado en asistir a un curso de educación continua sobre el tema. Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudiantes evaluados presentaron un buen nivel de información, sin embargo, se observó que los factores de riesgo y la localización de las lesiones malignas generaron grandes dudas entre los participantes de este estudio

A Community Survey on Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Risk Perception and Awareness about Oral Cancer in Lagos, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of oral cancer awareness and risk factors perception and the relationship between this awareness and the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among rural and urban residents in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling method was utilized. The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of respondents, as well as their knowledge about oral cancer risk factors, were assessed with a validated questionnaire. The bivariate association was done using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association between predictor variables and oral cancer knowledge scores. The statistical significance level is set at p<0.05. Results: 590 participants between 18 and 82 years (mean age 34.5 ±13.7) completed the survey. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 25.7%, of which 16 (1.5%) were heavy smokers (20+ cigarettes per day). The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 66.1%, with 57 (9.7%) being heavy drinkers, consuming drinks for 5-7 days of the week. A high proportion of the respondents (>60%) exhibited gaps in their knowledge of oral cancer. Uneducated participants had lower oral cancer knowledge than those with >12 years of formal education (aOR = 5.347; 95% CI: 4.987-6.240). Participants who were smokers had lower oral cancer knowledge compared with non-smokers (aOR = 3.341; 95% CI: 2.147-4.783); Participants who consumed alcohol had more deficient oral cancer knowledge compared with non-drinkers (aOR = 1.699; 95% CI: 1.087-2.655); While heavy smokers aOR = 4.023; 95% CI: 3.615-4.825) and heavy drinkers aOR = 4.331; 95% CI: 3.158-5.939) had lower oral cancer knowledge compared with those who did not abuse both substances. Conclusion: A high proportion of the respondents exhibited gaps in their knowledge of oral cancer in their responses. Delayed diagnosis of oral cancer can be reduced by increasing the awareness and knowledge of the populace about risk factors and also in the recognition of its signs and symptoms.

Caracterización de los pacientes con cáncer bucal en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey / Characterization of Patients with Oral Cancer in the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital of Camagüey

Introducción: El cáncer bucal continúa siendo una de las neoplasias malignas en ascenso, de acuerdo con su incidencia y el importante número de muertes cada año. En este sentido, se han desarrollado programas de salud para la población que garantizan la pesquisa, la prevención y la atención de las enfermedades. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con cáncer bucal en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de la provincia Camagüey durante el período 2018-2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de la provincia Camagüey en un universo de 218 pacientes, que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del año 2018 al 2022 y tuvieron como diagnóstico cáncer bucal. La muestra se delimitó a 113 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: El cáncer bucal predominó en el sexo masculino con 89 (78,76 por ciento) en los años 2019 y 2021. Hubo mayor frecuencia en pacientes de piel blanca con 97 (85,84 por ciento) y el año 2021 mostró mayor número de estos enfermos. La lengua fue la más afectada con 43 (30,05 por ciento) pacientes, seguida por el suelo de boca en 18 (15,92 por ciento) y las encías en 17 (15,04 por ciento) pacientes. Según el estadio existió un predominio del IV en 61 (53,98 por ciento) enfermos, seguido por el III con un 18,58 por ciento de pacientes diagnosticados. Conclusiones: Prevaleció del sexo masculino en el grupo de 60 a 79 años y los pacientes de piel blanca fueron los más afectados. La localización de las lesiones se manifestó con mayor incidencia en la lengua y los estadios IV y III de la enfermedad son los más representativos en el momento del diagnóstico(AU)

Introduction: Oral cancer continues to be one of the malignant neoplasms on the rise, according to its incidence and the significant number of deaths each year. In this sense, health programs have been developed for the population that guarantee screening, prevention and care of the diseases. Objective: To characterize patients with oral cancer at the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital in Camagüey province during the period 2018-2022. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital of Camagüey province in a universe of 218 patients, who attended the Head and Neck Surgery Service from 2018 to 2022 and had oral cancer as diagnosis. The sample was limited to 113 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Oral cancer predominated in the male sex with 89 (78.76 percent) in the years 2019 and 2021. There was a higher incidence in patients with white skin with 97 (85.84 percent) and the year 2021 showed a higher number of these patients. The tongue was the most affected with 43 (30.05 percent) patients, followed by the floor of the mouth in 18 (15.92 percent) and the gums in 17 (15.04 percent) patients. According to stage there was a predominance of stage IV in 61 (53.98 percent) patients, followed by stage III with 18.58 percent of patients diagnosed. Conclusions: Male sex prevailed in the 60 to 79 years age group and white skin patients were the most affected. The location of the lesions manifested with greater incidence on the tongue and stages IV and III of the disease are the most representative at the time of diagnosis(AU)

Prevalence of Oral Lesions Diagnosed at a Pathology Institute: A Four-year Analysis

Abstract Objective: To identify the most prevalent oral lesions based on reports from a pathology institute's reports and associations between malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with patient's demographic variables and the anatomical location. Material and Methods: All 1,298 histopathological reports of oral lesions recorded in the database were reviewed. Demographic variables, anatomical location of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesions, and their biological behavior were analyzed. Results: Regarding the biological behavior of the identified lesions, benign lesions were predominant (70%), followed by lesions of undetermined behavior (14.3%), malignant lesions (14.2%), absence of histological alteration (1.2%), and finally, oral potentially malignant disorders (0.5%). The anatomical locations of the most prevalent oral lesions potentially malignant disorders and malignant were in the following structures of the oral cavity: gums, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and hard palate (p=49.2%), and tongue (p=48.7%). Conclusion: The probability of malignant and premalignant lesions was higher among males (PR= 4.21; 95% CI 2.08-6.22), the increase in age (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.08), and in the tongue region (PR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.67; 17.92). Identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral conditions is higher in older men and in tongue specimens.

Effect of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a scoping review

Aim: This article aims to evaluate, using the best sources of evidence, the contribution of low-level lasers in treating oral mucositis in patients with oral cancer. Methods: This review, including the entire process of the selection of studies and preparation of results, complied with the PRISMA-ScR protocol guidelines. At the end of the predefined analyses (title, abstract, and full text), 02 studies were included that correctly fit the eligibility criteria. These were published in 2015 and 2019 and were classified according to level II of the Agency for Healthcare of Research and Quality (AHRG). After critically reading the study, the common topics addressed in this scoping review were defined. Results: Two works brought considerations about the laser therapy protocol, the use of the visible red wavelength, and energy densities between 3 and 4 J/cm². In addition, positive correlations were identified between painful symptoms and nutritional status with oral mucositis, as low-level laser therapy reduced pain and weight loss and improved the nutritional quality of cancer patients. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation proved effective in treating mucositis at higher degrees. Scientific evidence on this topic is still being developed, but it will be promising and valid if more research is conducted.

Polypoid non-neural granular cell tumor of the oral cavity: case report and literature review

To report a case of non-neural granular cell tumor (NN-GCT), an uncommon neoplasm, with only six studies worldwide describing cases involving the oral cavity. Methods: A 26-year-old male patient with an erythematous, firm, polypoid nodule in the floor of the mouth that exhibited areas of ulceration and mild bleeding to the touch. A biopsy was performed to aid in the diagnosis. Results: Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical results (vimentin +, CD68 +, S100 -), the diagnosis was compatible with S100-negative (primitive polypoid non-neural) granular cell tumor. No recurrence was observed over two years of follow-up. Conclusion: The diagnosis of NN-GCT is extremely challenging because this tumor shares histological and immunophenotypic features with many benign and malignant tumors. Although oral NN-GCT may exhibit unusual and atypical histological features, it has an indolent behavior. Thus, until more cases of oral involvement are reported, complete resection and close follow-up are recommended

Relação entre atenção primária e secundária em saúde no cuidado integral aos pacientes encaminhados para a especialidade de estomatologia / Relation between primary and secondary health care in the comprehensive care for patients referred to the oral medicine specialty

Objetivo: Avaliar o processo de referência e contrarreferência dos pacientes encaminhados por uma US do município de Porto Alegre, para tratamento na Especialidades de Estomatologia. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa de caráter transversal retrospectivo, realizada a partir da análise de dados secundários, dos sistemas de informação E-SUS e Gercon. Foram avaliados 236 encaminhamentos em relação aos dados dos usuários e do serviço/profissional, realizou-se análise de frequência absoluta e relativa, além do teste qui-quadrado de todas as variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Mais da metade dos casos, 51,3%, encaminhados para a especialidade não tiveram retorno com dentista da APS e apenas 15,3% tinham algum registro nos sistemas com orientação de retorno para APS. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas entre as variáveis de idade e classificação de prioridade. Discussão: O Manual de Especialidades em Saúde Bucal estabelece critérios de referência e contra referência entre APS e CEOs, em que a preservação dos casos mais complexos deve ser realizada no nível secundário sem que se perca a continuidade do cuidado na APS. Porém mais da metade dos casos encaminhados não tiveram retorno com dentista da APS. Ressalta-se, que a relação entre APS e Atenção Secundária à saúde não deve limitar-se a fluxos, tem que envolver processos dinâmicos, democráticos e baseado na integralidade do acesso a assistência. Conclusão: É possível perceber a fragilidade presente na interface da APS e Secundária no cuidado integral dos pacientes encaminhados para os serviços especializados de Estomatologia.

Aim: To assess the process of referral and counter-referral of patients referred by health unit from the city of Porto Alegre to treatment in the Oral Medicine Specialty. Material and methods: Cross-retrospective study analyzing secondary data from the information systems E-SUS and Gercon. We assessed 236 referrals regarding data of users and service/professionals and analyzed absolute and relative frequency, besides the chi-squared test of all categorical variables. Results: More than half the cases, 51.3%, referred to the specialty did not have a follow-up appointment with the Primary Health Care dentist and only 15.3% had been registered in the systems with orientation of follow-up appointments in the Primary Health Care. We found a statistically significant difference between the age and priority classification variables only. Discussion: The Manual of Specialization on Oral Health establishes referral and counter-referral criteria between Primary Health Care and Dental Specialty Centers, in which the preservation of the most complex cases must be carried out on a secondary level with recurring care in the Primary Health Care. We highlight that the relation between the Primary Health Care and Secondary Health Care must not be limited by flows; there must be dynamic, democratic processes that rely on the entirety of access to health care. Conclusion: It is possible to notice the fragility that is present in the interface of Primary and Secondary Health Care in the comprehensive care for patients referred to the Oral Medicine specialized services.

Maxillary Lipofibromatosis in a pediatric patient. Case report

This report discusses a rare case of a soft palate deformity in a young girl due to lipofibromatosis (LPF). This rare benign pediatric soft tissue tumour usually arises in the distal extremities. We believe this case represents the first report of lipofibromatosis involving only the maxillary bone.

Mortalidad por cáncer oral y orofaringeo en Chile entre los años 1955 al 2021 / Temporal trends in oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality rates in Chile (1955-2021)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer es una enfermedad que afecta a un gran número de personas a nivel mundial y que genera una gran tasa de mortalidad. El cáncer oral y orofaríngeo es considerado un problema de salud pública, especialmente en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Para el año 2023, se estima que 11.580 personas morirán en Estados Unidos por esta causa. OBJETIVO: Determinar la variación en la mortalidad por cáncer oral y orofaríngeo en Chile, entre 1955-2021. METODOLOGÍA ESTUDIO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO: Los datos de mortalidad que se utilizaron fueron obtenidos desde instituciones como INE y DEIS a través de los registros de defunción del país, clasificados según género. Las tasas brutas de mortalidad para cada año de estudio fueron calculadas a partir de los datos de mortalidad y datos de población entregados por las instituciones. RESULTADOS: Las tasas brutas de mortalidad entre los años de estudio oscilaron de un 0,92 a 1,53. los hombres obtuvieron una tasa promedio de 1,64 por 100.000 habitantes y las mujeres una tasa promedio de 0,67 por 100.000 habitantes. CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa bruta de mortalidad por cáncer oral y orofaríngeo en Chile fue en aumento entre los años 1955 y 2021 tanto en hombres como en mujeres.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a disease that affects a large number of people worldwide and generates a high mortality rate. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. By the year 2023, it is estimated that 11,580 people will die in the United States from this cause. OBJECTIVE: Determine the variation in mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chile between 1955 and 2021. METHODS: The mortality data was obtained from institutions such as the National Institute of Statistics and the Chile Ministry of Health through the country's death registries, which were classified by gender. Crude mortality rates for each year of the study were calculated from the institutions' mortality data and population data. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates between study years ranged from 0.92 to 1.53. men obtained an average rate of 1.64 per 100,000 inhabitants, and women obtained an average rate of 0.67 per 100,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSION: The crude mortality rate from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chile increased between 1955 and 2021 in both men and women.

Atypical Location of Oral Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Renal Carcinoma. Case Report / Localización Atípica de Metastasis Oral como Primera Manifestación de Carcinoma Renal. Reporte de Caso

Oral cavity metastatic tumors derived from primary tumors from other corporal regions are rare, representing barely 1 % of all malignant tumors. Differential diagnosis of these lesions is challenging due to the wide spectrum of lesions with similar clinical presentation and especially when the presence of a primary tumor goes undetected. We present the case of a 55-year-old male with a painless tumor in the anterior maxillary region, vestibular gingiva and palate, with a 2-month evolution. Anatomopathological diagnosis was malignant clear cell tumor, highly suggestive of clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis, and the oral lesion constituted the first sign of illness.

Los tumores metastásicos de cavidad oral derivados de tumores primarios de otras regiones corporales son raros, representando apenas el 1 % de todos los tumores malignos. El diagnóstico diferencial de estas lesiones es desafiante debido al amplio espectro de lesiones con presentación clínica similar y especialmente cuando la presencia de un tumor primario pasa desapercibida. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 55 años con una tumoración indolora en región maxilar anterior, encía vestibular y paladar, de 2 meses de evolución. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de tumor maligno de células claras, altamente sugestivo de metástasis de carcinoma renal de células claras, y la lesión bucal constituyó el primer signo de enfermedad.

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Metastases / Diagnóstico Diferencial de las Metástasis Orales

Metastatic lesions in the mouth can resemble common inflammatory lesions. Therefore, we set out to investigate oral metastases whose clinical and imaging characteristics mimicked those of harmless lesions, confusing and delaying the diagnosis. For this, a systematic review was carried out from case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase-via Elsevier, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and gray literature, using PICO strategy without period restriction. We assessed the quality of studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool. A narrative synthesis of the data was carried out. Association analyses using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Most of the lesions came from the lung, breast, kidneys, liver, and thyroid. They affected mainly the mandibles of men, between the fifth and seventh decades of life, causing osteolysis. In soft tissue, there were firm swellings, associated with bleeding. Limitations regarding the heterogeneity of the included studies and the absence of clinic pathological descriptions of the tumors substantially reduced the chance of statistical analysis of the data. Knowing the different possibilities of clinical presentation of oral and maxillofacial metastases is important for the diagnost ic suspicion to occur and diagnostic errors to be avoided. Thus, treatment is instituted and survival can be extended. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020200696.

Las lesiones metastásicas en la cavidad oral pueden parecer similares a lesiones inflamatorias comunes. Por ello, nos propusimos investigar metástasis orales cuyas características clínicas e imagenológicas simularan las de lesiones inofensivas, confundiendo y retrasando el diagnóstico. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática a partir de reportes de casos, series de casos y estudios transversales en PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase-vía Elsevier, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science y literatura gris, utilizando la estrategia PICO sin restricción de periodo. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la herramienta de evaluación del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de los datos. Se realizaron análisis de asociación mediante chi-cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher, con significancia estadística en p<0,05. La mayoría de las lesiones procedían de pulmón, mama, riñones, hígado y tiroides. Afectan principalmente a las mandíbulas de los hombres, entre la quinta y la séptima década de la vida, provocando osteólisis. En los tejidos blandos, había hinchazones firmes, asociadas con sangrado. Las limitaciones con respecto a la heterogeneidad de los estudios incluidos y la ausencia de descripciones clinicopatológicas de los tumores redujeron sustancialmente la posibilidad de realizar un análisis estadístico de los datos. Conocer las diferentes posibilidades de presentación clínica de las metástasis orales y maxilofaciales es importante para que se produzca la sospecha diagnóstica y se eviten errores diagnósticos. Por lo tanto, se instituye el tratamiento y se puede prolongar la supervivencia. Registro de protocolo: PROSPERO CRD42020200696.

Manejo cirúrgico da hiperplasia fibrosa: relato de caso / Surgical management of fibrous hyperplasia: case report / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la hiperplasia fibrosa: informe de um caso

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória em lábio inferior, decorrente de um transtorno de comportamento repetitivo (mordedura) e o seu devido tratamento. Relato de caso: Paciente do gênero masculino, 27 anos de idade, apresentou aumento de volume em região de lábio inferior, indolor, com evolução clínica de seis a sete meses, com relatos de práticas de mordedura em região de lábio inferior. Ao exame clínico observou-se lesão exofítica em coloração de mucosa, pediculada, medindo cerca de 8mm, no seu maior diâmetro, com aspecto circunferencial, consistente à palpação e não sangrante. O paciente foi submetido à biópsia excisional, mantendo-se uma distância mínima de 5mm do pedículo. Conclusão: No caso relato, o paciente foi submetido a uma biópsia excisional com a completa remoção da lesão e obteve um prognóstico favorável... (AU)

Objective: To report a case of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia in the lower lip, resulting from a repetitive be havior disorder (biting) and its proper treatment. Case report: Male patient, 27 year sold, presented pain less swelling in the lowerl ipregion, with clinical evolution of sixt o seven months, with report sof biting practices in the lower lip region. Clinical examination revealed an exophytic lesion in mucosal color, peduncula ted, mea suring about 8 mm in its largest diameter, with a circumferent ial appearance, consisten ton palpation and not bleeding. The patient underwent excisional biopsy, keeping a minimum distance of 5 mm from the pedicle. Conclusion: In the case report, the patient underwent a nexcision al biopsy with the complete removal of the lesion and obtained a favorable prognosis... (AU)

Objetivo: Informar de un caso de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatoria del labio inferior debido a um trastorno de comportamiento repetitivo (morder) y su tratamiento. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino, de 27 años, presentó un aumento de volumen em la región del labio inferior, indoloro, com evolución clínica de seis a siete meses, con reporte de prácticas de mordedura em la región del labio inferior. El examen clínico reveló una lesión exofítica, pedunculada, de coloración mucosa, que medía aproximadamente 8mm em su mayor diámetro, de aspecto circunferencial, consistente a la palpación y no sangrante. El paciente fue sometido a una biopsia excisional, manteniendo una distancia mínima de 5mm del pedículo. Conclusión: Em el caso relatado, el paciente fue sometido a una biopsia excisional com la remoción completa de lalesión y obtuvo um pronóstico favorable... (AU)