Protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. polysaccharides (PCCL) on 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) in mice. Methods: PCCL was orally administered at a dose of 20 mg·kg­1 for 7 days and its protective effect on 5-FU-induced IM (5-FU, 50 mg·kg­1 for 5 days) was evaluated by monitoring changes in body weight, degree of diarrhea, levels of tissue inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1ß levels), apoptosis rates, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The severity of mucosal injury (as reflected by body weight changes, degree of diarrhea, height of villi, and damage to crypts) was significantly attenuated by PCCL administration. PCCL also reduced the levels of tissue inflammatory factors, the apoptosis rate, and the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: PCCL administration may be significantly protective against 5-FU-induced IM by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the abnormal inflammation associated with it.

Protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on acute heart failure in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on acute heart failure (AHF) in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, model, and low-, middle- and high-dose PSP groups, 12 rats in each group. The low-, medium- and high-dose PSP groups were intragastrically administrated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg PSP for 5 days, respectively. On the sixth day, the AHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. After 24h, the cardiac function, serum biochemical indexes, myocardial ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis related protein expressions were determined. Results: Compared with model group, in high-dose PSP group the heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, ±dp/dtmax, serum superoxide dismutase level, myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and myocardial Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure, serum cTnI, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and myocardial Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Polysaccharide can prevent the acute heart failure induced by adriamycin. The mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

Astragalus polysaccharides improve cardiomyopathy in STZ-induced diabetic mice and heterozygous (SOD2+/-) knockout mice

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the present study, we determined whether the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on diabetic cardiomyopathy was associated with its impact on oxidative stress. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and heterozygous superoxide dismutase (SOD2+/-) knockout mice were administered APS. The hemodynamics, cardiac ultrastructure, and the apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes were assessed to evaluate the effect of APS on diabetic and oxidative cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, H2O2 formation, oxidative stress/damage, and SOD activity in cardiomyocytes were evaluated to determine the effects of APS on cardiac oxidative stress. APS therapy improved hemodynamics and myocardial ultrastructure with reduced apoptosis/necrosis, and enhanced proliferation in cardiomyocytes from both STZ-induced diabetic mice and heterozygous SOD2+/- knockout mice. In addition, APS therapy reduced H2O2 formation and oxidative stress/damage, and enhanced SOD activity in both groups of mice. Our findings suggest that APS had benefits in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be partly associated with its impact on cardiac oxidative stress.

Fondaparinux versus Enoxaparin - Which is the Best Anticoagulant for Acute Coronary Syndrome? - Brazilian Registry Data / Fondaparinux versus Enoxaparina - Qual o Melhor Anticoagulante para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda? - Dados de um Registro Brasileiro

Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown fondaparinux's superiority over enoxaparin in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially in relation to bleeding reduction. The description of this finding in a Brazilian registry has not yet been documented. Objective: To compare fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in in-hospital prognosis of non-ST elevation ACS. Methods: Multicenter retrospective observational study. A total of 2,282 patients were included (335 in the fondaparinux group, and 1,947 in the enoxaparin group) between May 2010 and May 2015. Demographic, medication intake and chosen coronary treatment data were obtained. Primary outcome was mortality from all causes. Secondary outcome was combined events (cardiogenic shock, reinfarction, death, stroke and bleeding). Comparison between the groups were done through Chi-Square test and T test. Multivariate analysis was done through logistic regression, with significance values defined as p < 0.05. Results: With regards to treatment, we observed the performance of a percutaneous coronary intervention in 40.2% in the fondaparinux group, and in 35.1% in the enoxaparin group (p = 0.13). In the multivariate analysis, we observed significant differences between fondaparinux and enoxaparin groups in relation to combined events (13.8% vs. 22%. OR = 2.93, p = 0.007) and bleeding (2.3% vs. 5.2%, OR = 4.55, p = 0.037), respectively. Conclusion: Similarly to recently published data in international literature, fondaparinux proved superior to enoxaparin for the Brazilian population, with significant reduction of combined events and bleeding.

Resumo Fundamento: Estudos recentes têm apresentado superioridade do fondaparinux em relação à enoxaparina em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) sem supradesnivelamento de ST, principalmente relacionada à redução de sangramentos. A descrição desse achado em registro brasileiro ainda não foi documentada. Objetivo: Comparar fondaparinux versus enoxaparina no prognóstico intrahospitalar em SCA sem supradesnivelamento de ST. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, multicêntrico e observacional. Foram incluídos 2.282 pacientes (335 no grupo fondaparinux e 1.947 no grupo enoxaparina) entre maio de 2.010 e maio de 2.015. Foram obtidos dados demográficos, medicações utilizadas e tratamento coronariano adotado. O desfecho primário foi mortalidade por todas as causas. O desfecho secundário foi eventos combinados (choque cardiogênico, reinfarto, morte, acidente vascular cerebral e sangramentos). A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por meio de Q-quadrado e teste-T. A análise multivariada foi realizada por regressão logística, sendo considerado significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Em relação ao tratamento, observou-se realização de intervenção coronária percutânea em 40,2% no grupo fondaparinux e 35,1% no grupo enoxaparina (p = 0,13). Na análise multivariada, observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos fondaparinux e enoxaparina em relação a eventos combinados (13,8% vs. 22%, OR = 2,93, p = 0,007) e sangramentos (2,3% vs. 5,2%, OR = 4,55, p = 0,037), respectivamente. Conclusão: Semelhante aos dados recentemente publicados na literatura mundial, fondaparinux mostrou-se superior à enoxaparina para a população brasileira, com redução significativa de eventos combinados e sangramentos.

Tratamiento exitoso con fondaparinux en trombocitopenia inducida por heparina y trombosis / Successful treatment with fondaparinux in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

La trombocitopenia inducida por heparina (TIH) es una reacción adversa inmunológica caracterizada por trombocitopenia y la asociación paradojal de trombosis arterial o venosa. Es causada por la formación de anticuerpos IgG contra el complejo multimolecular de heparina-factor plaquetario 4 (FP4). Fondaparinux es un inhibidor selectivo del factor Xa que tiene escasa afinidad por el FP4 y posee un menor potencial para inducir una respuesta inmunológica, haciendo del mismo un agente potencialmente útil en el tratamiento de la TIH. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 73 años con TIH asociada a fenómenos trombóticos arteriales y venosos, que recibió exitosamente fondaparinux, con normalización del recuento plaquetario y sin progresión trombótica.

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated adverse reaction characterized by thrombocytopenia and paradoxical arterial or venous thrombosis, due to the formation IgG antibodies directed to a multimolecular complex of heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4). Fondaparinux is a selective factor Xa inhibitor with little affinity for PF4 and thus less likely to induce an immune response, making fondaparinux a potentially useful drug for the treatment of HIT. Herein we report the case of a 73 years old woman with HIT associated with arterial and venous thrombosis that was successfully treated with fondaparinux, with normalization of the platelet countand without progression of thrombosis.

Trichuris trichiura in a post-Colonial Brazilian mummy

Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth which is prevalent in warm, moist, tropical and subtropical regions of the world with poor sanitation. Heavy whipworm can result either in Trichuris dysenteric syndrome - especially in children - or in a chronic colitis. In heavy infections, worms can spread proximally and may cause ileitis. Here we provide first microscopic evidence for a T. trichiura adult worm embedded in the rectum of a post-Colonial Brazilian adult mummy. During Colonial and post-Colonial times, many European chroniclers described a parasitic disease named Maculo whose symptomatology coincides with heavy helminthiasis. Based on our findings and on comparison of ancient textual evidence with modern description of heavy whipworm, we feel confident in considering that the two syndromes are expressions of the same pathological condition.

Applicability of crystalline cellulose membrane in the treatment of skin wounds induced in Wistar rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing of skin wounds induced experimentally in rats using a crystalline cellulose membrane (Veloderm(r)). METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into two groups: control group (CG) wounds treated with a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and Veloderm(r) group (VG) wounds treated with a crystalline cellulose membrane. The rats were evaluated at different times over twenty-six days. RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in the animals from both groups in the early stages, with greater weight in the VG animals at the end. Times of predominant hypothermia, pink color of the wound in both groups over all time points, increased granulation tissue in the CG animals, the presence of slight oozing from the wound and feature in the VG animals, more serous exudation of the bloody feature, greater wound contraction and pain in the CG animals and an absence of pain and earlier complete wound healing in the VG rats were also observed. CONCLUSION: The crystalline cellulose membrane is effective in the treatment of wounds in rats, easy to use, protects and maintains the humidity of the wound, decreases pain, eases the visualization and control of the evolution of the lesion. .

Extracellular polysaccharide production by a strain of Pleurotus djamor isolated in the south of Brazil and antitumor activity on Sarcoma 180

Polysaccharides with medicinal properties can be obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and culture broth of several fungus species. This work was carried out in batch culture using a stirred tank reactor with two different initial glucose concentrations (40-50 g/L) and pH values (3.0-4.0) to enhance extracellular polysaccharides production by Pleurotus djamor UNIVILLE 001 and evaluate antitumor effect of intraperitonial administration of Pleurotus djamor extract on sarcoma 180 animal model. According to factorial design, the low pH value (pH 3.0) led to a gain of 1.6 g/L on the extracellular polysaccharide concentration, while glucose concentration in the tested range had no significant effect on the concentration of polysaccharide. With 40 g/L initial glucose concentration and pH 3.0, it was observed that yield factor of extracellular polysaccharide on substrate (Y P/S = 0.072) and maximum extracellular polysaccharide productivity (Q Pmax = 11.26 mg/L.h) were about 188% and 321% respectively higher than those obtained in the experiment performed at pH 4.0. Under these conditions, the highest values of the yield factor of biomass on substrate (Y X/S = 0.24) and maximal biomass productivity (Q Xmax = 32.2 mg/L.h) were also reached. In tumor response study, mean tumor volume on the 21th day was 35.3 cm³ in untreated group and 1.6 cm³ in treated group (p = 0.05) with a tumor inhibition rate of 94%. These impressive results suggests an inhibitory effect of P.djamor extract on cancer cells.

Ingestão de glutamina e maltodextrina duas horas no pré-operatório imediato melhora a sensibilidade à insulina pós-operatória: estudo aleatório, duplo-cego e controlado / Ingestion of glutamine and maltodextrin two hours preoperatively improves insulin sensitivity after surgery: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial

OBJETIVO: investigar se a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com uma bebida contendo glutamina e dextrinomaltose melhora a resposta orgânica ao trauma cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: trinta e seis pacientes adultas, (18-62 anos) candidatas à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva foram aleatoriamente divididas em três grupos: grupo jejum convencional (grupo Jejum), ou em dois grupos para receber duas dietas diferentes, oito horas (400ml) e duas horas antes da indução anestésica (200ml): grupo carboidrato (12,5% de dextrinomaltose) e glutamina (12,5% de dextrinomaltose e, respectivamente, 40 e 10g de glutamina). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas no período pré e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: vinte e oito pacientes completaram o estudo. Nenhuma complicação pulmonar ocorreu durante o estudo. O volume residual gástrico foi similar entre os grupos (p=0,95). No pós-operatório, todas as pacientes do grupo jejum apresentaram glicemia anormal (>110mg/dl), sendo essa anormalidade 50% para o grupo CHO (p=0,14) e, apenas, 22,2% para o grupo GLN (p=0,01). No pós-operatório, todas as pacientes que abreviaram o jejum (grupo CHO + GLN) apresentaram insulinemia normal, contrastando com 66,7% no grupo jejum (p=0,02). A sensibilidade anormal à insulina subiu no pós-operatório de 32,1% para 46,4% dos casos (p=0,24). A sensibilidade anormal à insulina, no pós-operatório, ocorreu em apenas 11,1% das pacientes do grupo GLN comparado com 55,5% do grupo jejum (p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório para duas horas com glutamina e dextrinomaltose melhora a sensibilidade à insulina de pacientes submetidas à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the abbreviation of preoperative fasting with a drink containing glutamine and dextrinomaltose improves organic response to surgical trauma. METHODS: Thirty-six female patients adult (18-62 years) candidates for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into three groups: conventional fasting (fasting group), and two groups receiving two different diets, eight hours (400ml) and two hours before induction of anesthesia (200ml): carbohydrate (CHO) group (12.5% dextrinomaltose) and the glutamine (GLN) group (12.5% dextrinomaltose and 40 and 10g of glutamine, respectively). Blood samples were collected pre and postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients completed the study. No pulmonary complication occurred. Gastric residual volume was similar between groups (p = 0.95). Postoperatively, all patients from the fasting group had abnormal glucose (> 110mg/dl), this abnormality being of 50% when compared to the CHO group (p = 0.14), and of 22.2% when compared to the GLN group (p = 0.01). All patients who had the fasting period shortened (CHO + GLN) had normal postoperative insulin, contrasting with 66.7% in the fasted group (p = 0.02). The abnormal sensitivity to insulin postoperatively rose from 32.1% to 46.4% of cases (p = 0.24), and it occurred in only 11.1% of patients in GLN group when compared to 55.5% in the fasting group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: the abbreviation of preoperative fasting for two hours with dextrinomaltose and glutamine improves insulin sensitivity in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Custo-efetividade de fondaparinux em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda sem supradesnivelamento do ST / Cost-effectiveness of fondaparinux in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment Elevation

FUNDAMENTO: O uso combinado de agentes antitrombínicos, antiplaquetários e estratégias invasivas na síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do ST (SCAsSST) reduz eventos cardiovasculares. O fondaparinux demonstrou equivalência à enoxaparina na redução de eventos cardiovasculares, porém com menor índice de sangramento nos pacientes que usaram fondaparinux. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o custo-efetividade de fondaparinux versus enoxaparina em pacientes com SCAsSST no Brasil a partir da perspectiva econômica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). MÉTODOS: Um modelo de decisão analítico foi construído para calcular os custos e consequências resultantes dos tratamentos comparados. Os parâmetros do modelo foram obtidos do estudo OASIS-5 (N = 20.078 pacientes com SCAsSST randomizados para fondaparinux ou enoxaparina). O desfecho avaliado foi um composto de eventos cardiovasculares (isto é, morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio, isquemia refratária e sangramentos graves) nos dias 9, 30 e 180 pós-SCAsSST. Foram avaliados todos os custos diretos de tratamento e eventos relacionados à SCAsSST. O ano da análise foi 2010 e os custos foram descritos em reais (R$). RESULTADOS: No dia 9, o custo de tratamento por paciente foi R$ 2.768 para fondaparinux e R$ 2.852 para enoxaparina. Aproximadamente 80% do custo total foram associados a tratamentos invasivos. Os custos com medicamentos representaram 10% do custo total. As taxas combinadas de eventos cardiovasculares e de sangramentos maiores foram 7,3% e 9,0% para fondaparinux e enoxaparina, respectivamente. Análises de sensibilidade confirmaram os resultados iniciais do modelo. CONCLUSÃO: O fondaparinux para tratamento de pacientes com SCAsSST é superior à enoxaparina em termos de prevenção de novos eventos cardiovasculares com menor custo. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

BACKGROUND: The combined use of antithrombotic agents, antiplatelet agents and invasive strategies in acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (ACSWSTE) reduces cardiovascular events. Fondaparinux has demonstrated equivalence to enoxaparin in reducing cardiovascular events, but with a lower rate of bleeding in patients using fondaparinux. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin in patients with ACSWSTE in Brazil from the economic perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: A decision analytic model was constructed to calculate the costs and consequences of the compared treatments. The model parameters were obtained from the OASIS-5 study (N = 20,078 patients with ACSWSTE randomized to fondaparinux or enoxaparin). The target outcome consisted of cardiovascular events (i.e., death, myocardial infarction, refractory ischemia and major bleeding) on days 9, 30 and 180 after ACSWSTE. We evaluated all direct costs of treatment and ACSWSTE-related events. The year of the analysis was 2010 and the costs were described in reais (R$). RESULTS: On day 9, the cost of treatment per patient was R$ 2,768 for fondaparinux and R$ 2,852 for enoxaparin. Approximately 80% of total costs were associated with invasive treatments. The drug costs accounted for 10% of the total cost. The combined rates of cardiovascular events and major bleeding were 7.3% and 9.0% for fondaparinux and enoxaparin, respectively. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the initial results of the model. CONCLUSION: The use of fondaparinux for the treatment of patients with ACSWSTE is superior to that of enoxaparin in terms of prevention of further cardiovascular events at lower cost. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Análise preliminar do tratamento de Diabetes mellitus com Polissacarídeo de Tremella fuciformis / Preliminary analysis of the treatment of Diabetes mellitus with Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide

Introdução: O Diabetes mellitus é uma desordem metabólica que ocorre no mundo inteiro, caracterizada por hiperglicemia associada a problemas com secreção ou ação da insulina ou, ainda por alterações no metabolismo intermediário de carboidratos, proteína e lipídeos. O cogumelo Tremella fuciformis (Basideomycota) foi isolado no Brasil e levado para a China onde tem sido produzido e utilizado como alimento por apresentar diversas atividades biológicas como anti-inflamatório, anti-mutagênico, reduz hipertensão, reduz diabetes entre outras propriedades relacionadas com imunidade. A Embrapa de Brasília tornou isolar o cogumelo e enviou a universidade para os testes preliminares. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo induzir a diabetes em ratos e realizar tratamento com polissacarídeo (PS) extraído do cogumelo gelatinoso Tremella fuciformis, desenvolvido em frascos no laboratório. Método: Ratos, no total de 28 animais foram divididos em 4 grupos sendo: 1-Normal) grupo recebendo dieta normal e água; 2-Sacarose) grupo recebendo ração normal e uma solução de sacarose 20% por 65 dias; 3-Sacarose + PS) grupo recebendo ração normal + solução de sacarose (65dias) e por gavagem PS na concentração de 1mmol (nos últimos 20 dias sendo uma vez/semana) ; 4-idem ao grupo 3, entretanto PS com concentração de 2mmol. No período, os ratos (uma vez/semana) foram pesados e submetidos a teste de glicose (fita Accu Check) e, depois sacrificados com dose letal de analgésico e coleta do sangue para testes de glicose, colesterol, triglicérides, creatinina e HDL. Resultados: Os resultados parciais demonstraram que os animais submetidos à dieta com sacarose aumentaram o peso e glicemia. Já os animais submetidos a tratamento com o PS permaneceram com o peso praticamente constante e, redução da glicemia. A creatinina tem sido um parâmetro para diagnosticar problemas renais, mas os animais em todos os tratamentos, não apresentaram diferença estatística. Para colesterol os animais submetidos ao tratamento com o PS apresentaram valores abaixo dos encontrados no grupo com sacarose, entretanto, com triglicérides e HDL apresentaram diminuição, mas houve, aumento em relação aos animais do grupo normal, indicando controle nos lipídeos. Por conclusão os resultados preliminares demonstraram que o PS extraído do cogumelo Tremella fuciformis apresenta grande potencial como produto natural contra diabetes.

Antitumor properties of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharidesand terpenoids: [review]

Ganoderma lucidum is an edible medicinal mushroom withimmunomodulatory and antitumor properties, which are mainly attributed to polysaccharides and triterpenesthat can be isolated from mycelia, fruiting bodies and spores. G. lucidum has been used in a powdered form, asa medicinal beverage and a nutraceutical food (usually dried). In the present review we report some historicalfacts and the experimental evidence that polysaccharides and triterpenes obtained from this mushroom presentpotential antitumor activity. Direct effects on tumor cells include induction of apoptosis and interference in thecell cycle, whereas indirect effects are based on the modulation of immune response, usually impaired bycancer cells. Data indicate that G. lucidum can be used as a complementary tool for treatment of cancerpatients.

Effects of sulfated polysaccharides on tumour biology / Efectos de los polisacáridos sulfatados en la biología tumoral

Sulfated polysaccharides can act not only as anticoagulants but also as tumour inhibitors. Recent studies suggest that sulfated polysaccharides could affect tumour cells directly. Sulfated polysaccharides could inhibit the metastasis and proliferation of tumour cells by binding to growth factors and cell adhesion molecules. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides could inhibit heparanase, which cleaves heparan sulfate chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and cause release of growth factors sequestered by heparan sulfate chains. Some sulfated polysaccharides can induce apoptosis and differentiation of tumour cells, but the mechanism is uncertain. In addition, sulfated polysaccharides can enhance the innate and adaptive immune response for tumour cells. Thus, the anti-tumour mechanism of sulfated polysaccharides can be explained, at least partly, through the effects on tumour biology directly.

Los polisacáridos sulfatados podrían actuar no solamente como anticoagulantes, sino también como inhibidores del tumor. Estudios recientes sugieren que los polisacáridos sulfatados podrían afectar directamente las células tumorales. Los polisacáridos tumorales podrían inhibir la metástasis y la proliferación de las células tumorales por medio de la unión con los factores de crecimiento y las moléculas de adhesión celular. Además, los polisacáridos sulfatados podrían inhibir la heparanasa, que rompe las cadenas de heparán-sulfato del proteoglicano de heparán-sulfato, dando lugar a la liberación de los factores de crecimiento secuestrados por las cadenas de heparán-sulfato. Algunos polisacáridos sulfatados podrían inducir la apoptosis y diferenciación de las células tumorales, pero el mecanismo es incierto. Además, los polisacáridos sulfatados podrían mejorar la respuesta inmunológica innata y adaptativa frente a las células tumorales. De este modo, el mecanismo antitumoral de los polisacáridos sulfatados pudiera explicarse – al menos parcialmente – a partir de los efectos sobre la biología tumoral directamente.

Anticoagulação no terceiro milênio: da heparlna aos pentassacarídeos / Anticoagulantion in the third millenium: of heparin to polysaccharides

Este artigo realiza uma revisão do progresso da terapia anticoagulante com as heparinas, em termos de eficácia e segurança e as suas aplicações nas síndromes coronarianas agudas e no tromboembolismo venoso

Avaliaçäo da eficácia clínica e da tolerabilidade do Hirudoid pós-escleroterapia de microvarizes e telangiectasias dos membros inferiores / Clinical efficacy and tolerability evaluation of Hirudoid post-sclerotherapy of microvarices and telangiectasis of lower limbs

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a eficácia e a tolerabilidade da aplicaçäo percutânea do ácido mucopolissacárido-polissulfúrico a 0,5 porcento em base de gel de carbopol - Hirudoid - na melhoria ou prevençäo da sintomatologia em pacientes submetidos a escleroterapia de microvarizes e telangiectasias dos membros inferiores e comparar com os dados obtidos com placebo, sob condiçöes da prática clínica do dia-a-dia. Foram estudados 50 pacientes, sendo que 50 membros inferiores receberam tratamento com o produto ativo Hirudoid e 50 com o placebo de acordo com a tabela de randomizaçäo. Tendo em vista tratar-se de um estudo "Within patient" näo existiu diferença estatística em relaçäo às características dos pacientes de cada grupo de tratamento. A duraçäo média da doença foi de 4,3 anos, variando de 90 dias a 15 anos. A duraçäo do tratamento com o produto ativo Hirudoid foi de uma semana em 51 porcento dos casos e de duas semanas em 44,9 porcento. No grupo placebo, 44,7 porcento foram medicados por uma semana e os demais 55,3 porcento, por duas semanas. A eficácia clínica do Hirudoid pós-escleroterapia de microvarizes e telangiectasias foi caracterizada como intensa pelo investigador e pacientes e foi creditado ao efeito antitrombótico, antiinflamatório e fibrinolítico da medicaçäo. A tolerabilidade do tratamento foi excelente, dado que nenhum paciente apresentou reaçäo adversa.(au)

Determinación de la actividad antiviral de un xilomanano sulfatado de origen natural en distintas condiciones experimentales / Determination of the antiviral activity of a natural sulphated xylomannan under different experimental conditions

Se analizó la influencia de distintas condiciones experimentales sobre la determinación de la actividad antiviral del xilomanano sulfatado F6, aislado del alga roja patagónica Nothogenia fastigiata, sobre la multiplicación de los virus herpes simplex tipos 1 y 2 (HSV-1 y HSV-2). En las condiciones ensayadas, la concentración inhibitoria 50 por ciento (CI50) de F6 resultó independiente de la multiplicidad de infección (en el rango 0,1-0,0001 UFP/célula), del tipo de ensayo antiviral empleado (inhibición del rendimiento viral o reducción en la formación de placas), de la cepa de virus (F, KOS, B2006, Field) y de la línea celular (Vero, HEp-2, BHK-21). La independencia del efecto inhibitorio de F6 respecto de la multiplicidad de infección representa una ventaja para este polisacárido respecto de otros compuestos antivirales que sólo son activos frente a muy bajas dosis de virus

Actividad biológica de biopolímeros de origen marino; III: influencia sobre la metastatización pulmonar y hepática inducida por el melanoma B16MH10 / Biologic activity of biopolymers of marine origen; III: influence on pulmonary and hepatic metastases formation induced by melanoma B16MH10

En el presente trabajo evaluamos el efecto de 3 biopolímeros de origen marino producidos en nuestro instituto sobre la metastatización pulmonar y hepática provocada por el melanoma B16F10 altamente metastásico (MH) y su posterior correlación con la actividad de las células asesinas naturales y la actividad de macrófagos: De esta forma encontramos que el proteoglicano 22CM062, el cual desempeña un papel importante en la activación de las células asesinas naturales y los macrófagos, previno la metastatización hepática y pulmonar. El polisacárido 22MO16 el cual estimula notablemente la actividad de las células naturales en el organismo previene fundamentalmente la colonización pulmonar e inhibe la colonización de los focos metastásicos hepáticos, pero no el crecimiento de los focos metastásicos ya implantados y el producto 22V117 que activa fundamentalmente macrófagos inhibe principalmente la implantación y el crecimiento de los focos metastásicos hepáticos