[Dexmedetomidine use for postoperative adrenergic analgesia and sedation in abdominal surgery].

Comparative study of postoperative analgesia and sedation with trimeperidine and dexmedetomidine and their effects on haemodynamics and vegetative nervous system was performed. Assessment of analgesia and sedation during vagotonia (first part of the study) and hypokinetic type of haemodynamics (second part of the study) was carried out with visual analogue scale (VAS) and Richmond scale. Results of the study showed that dexmedetomidine is more effective and safer than trimeperidine for analgesia and sedation in patients with spontaneous breathing after abdominal surgery. Dexmedetomidine use allows keeping optimal type of haemodynamics and vegetative nervous system parameters on first day of postoperative period.

[Intracellular accumulation and antitumor activity of various nanosomal formulations of paclitaxel].

Paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactic-glycolic) copolymer nanoparticles have been prepared using a precipitation technique. The cytotoxic activity of nanosomal paclitaxel was studied on the model of highly resistant cell line Jurkat WT (human T-cell leukemia) using various biochemical assays. It is found that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the experimental formulation of paclitaxel falls within 10(-4)-10(-6) M. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the highly resistant Jurkat/WT cells was revealed by fluorescence microscopy.

[Experimental investigations of the analgesic activity of fentanyl and the non-opiodal agents -clonidine and isradipine, and protease inhibitors].

The analgesic activity of clonidine, isradipine, antagosane (aprotinine), transamine, and their combinations with fentanyl in subanalgesic doses was experimentally studied on mice, by using the tail-flick test. Analgesic activity was found in clonidine, antagosane, and transamine. A combination of fentanyl used in subanalgesic doses and clonidine, isradipine, antagosane, or transamine had supertotal analgesic activity. The findings serve as a basis for effectively making up a component of analgesia during anesthetic support at surgery made in patients with baseline sympathicotonia, ischemia/reperfusion syndrome, and a systemic inflammatory reaction.

[The effect of magnesium pool isotopy on reactivation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis suppressed by 1-methyl-nicotine amide].

The ATP-generating activity of both rat myocardial mitochondria and intramitochondrial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was examined as a function of the incubation medium magnesium pool isotopy. The in vitro systems tested were prepared from the hearts of animals treated with single injection of 1-methyl-nicotine amide (MNA) suppressing the NAD(P)-dependent reactions in vivo. The presense of the 25Mg paramagnetic cations leads to essential compensation of intramitochondrial ATP deficiency caused by the MNA induced blockade of oxidative phosphorylation. This effect is merely unreachable in those systems where the magnesium pool consists of isotopes with a zero nuclear spin (24Mg, 26Mg). The reactivation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis described here involves CPK activity which does not depends on MNA. In this case, a high efficiency of this reactivation seems to be a spin selective phenomenon which requires, predominantly, 25Mg2+ cations.

[Accelerated hydrophobic chromatography of plant extracts: a promising tool for study of biologically active polyphenols]. / Uskorennaia gidrofobnaia khromatografiia rastitel'nykh ékstraktov: perspektivnyi instrument issledovaniia biologicheski aktivnykh polifenolov.

A simple and efficient technique for fast isolation and purification of a total polyphenol fraction from dry herbal plant extract ("Phytoprost" preparation) has been developed. The method is based on sequential cascade of 1.0-5.0 kDa ultrafiltration and the following subsequent column chromatography of resultant oligo/polymeric compounds on Phenyl-Sepharose 4B-CL. This novel procedure allows to obtain a highly purified (not more than 0.5-0.6% of aromatic and heterocyclic impurities) fraction of plant polyphenols in amounts required for pharmacological/biochemical screening (0.85 +/- 0.06 A280/g dry extract) within 8-9 hours.

[Protease inhibitors as an anesthetic component in ENT surgery]. / Primenenie ingibitorov proteaz v kachestve komponenta anestezii v lor-khirurgii.

Both protease inhibitors and transamine should be included in anesthesiologic management of major traumatic operations in patients with initially impaired hemostasis to control inflammatory edema development after operation. As such drugs have an analgesic activity without effect on opiate structures, their different using in combination with narcotic analgesics provides multilevel control for pain conduction that elevates the quality of anesthesia.

[Biological evaluation of the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on apoptosis in human lymphoid cells in vitro]. / Biologicheskaia otsenka beta-laktamnykh antibiotikov po pokazateliu apoptoza kletok limfoidnogo riada cheloveka in vitro.

Models are developed that allow the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on the level of apoptosis in human lymphoid cells to be evaluated in vitro. The antibiotics produced a dose-dependent decrease in apoptosis of mature lymphocytes both under normal conditions and in the state of dexamethasone-induced immunodepression. The beta-lactam antibiotics also affect the apoptosis in a pre-B-lymphoblast model. The dexamethasone-induced apoptosis is inhibited by beta-lactam antibiotics only in high doses.

[Clopheline as a component of general anesthesia during surgery in elderly and aged patients]. / Klofelin kak komponent obshchei anestezii pri operatsiiakh u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

Clopheline (2-3 micrograms/kg; 2-2.2 micrograms/kg in weak patients) as a component of premedication, for the induction to anesthesia, and in combined endotracheal anesthesia as an analgesic and vegetostabilizing agent has been used in 150 patients, aged 60 to 85 years during planned and emergency surgery. Reduced doses of barbiturates (3 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1.5-2.1 micrograms/kg for the induction to anesthesia and 0.5-0.67 micrograms/kg for analgesia maintenance) were used. At certain stages use was made of droperidol, beginning with a test dose 1.25 mg and not exceeding 5 mg during surgery. The use of clopheline in this category of patients ensures neurovegetative inhibition adequate to the operation stress. In 80% of patients favourable hemodynamic changes have been observed. 20% of patients require droperidol administration at a dose 1.25-5 mg during surgery. Due to low doses, the risk of complication associated with the use of narcotic analgesics in elderly and old patients is reduced considerably.