Immunohistochemical Expression of Calretinin in Dentigerous Cyst Transforming Into Unicystic Ameloblastoma: A Case Report.

The term "unicystic ameloblastoma" describes cystic lesions that exhibit radiographic, clinical, or gross characteristics of a jaw cyst. However, histologic examination reveals a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor proliferation. Unicystic ameloblastoma is a less prevalent kind of ameloblastoma. Among the odontogenic cysts, neoplastic transformation is highest in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs). Calretinin is considered a specific immunohistochemical marker for neoplastic ameloblastic epithelium and serves as a diagnostic tool for differentiating odontogenic cystic lesions from ameloblastic tumors. This paper illustrates a case of a DC transforming into unicystic ameloblastoma in a 22-year-old male patient using the immunohistochemical expression of calretinin.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lower lip: A case report and review of literature.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy characterized by diverse cellular components. This case report presents a unique instance of low-grade MEC in a 28-year-old female, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored management. The patient exhibited a painless, enlarging lower lip swelling over a year, with imaging suggestive of a fibrolipomatous lesion. Surgical excision was successfully performed, with subsequent histopathological analysis displaying mucinous cystic spaces, varied epithelial cell types and other characteristic features consistent with MEC. The case findings aligned with hallmark MEC features are seen in established literature, highlighting the significance of precise diagnosis and grading for appropriate management. This report contributes to the understanding of MEC's varied presentations and underscores the importance of thorough: histopathological examination, lower lip, mucoepidermoid carcinoma clinical evaluation, accurate histopathological analysis and interdisciplinary collaboration. The case highlights the value of considering MEC in younger patients, even with atypical presentations, and encourages ongoing exploration of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluate the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Method: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E-cad expression in 20 cases each of normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Statistical Analysis Used: Inferential statistical methods for statistical analysis used were Chi-square test for comparison of the frequency between different severity of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Upon assessing the expression of E-cad in OED and OSCC, increase in E-cad immunoreactivity was seen in early lesions. However, the expression of E-cad decreased significantly as the grade of dysplasia increased. Conclusion: We observed a significant decrease in E-cad expression from dysplasia to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma suggesting that loss of expression of E-cad is closely related to carcinoma.

Assessment of salivary thiocyanate levels and pH in the saliva of smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis - A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: It has been speculated that the pathogenesis of diseases prompted by cigarette smoking includes oxidative damage by free radicals. Though, definitive evidence that smoking may cause the oxidative modification of target molecules in vivo is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the levels of salivary Thiocyanate (SCN) and power of hydrogen (pH) in the saliva of smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (ChP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study population consisted of 60 male systemically healthy subjects in the age group of 20-65 years that was further divided into three groups: Group 1: 20 Healthy nonsmokers, who never smoked. Group 2: 20 nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Group 3: 20 smokers with chronic periodontitis. Unstimulated saliva was collected for at least 5 mins and clinical parameters; salivary pH and SCN thiocyanate levels were assessed using the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Inc 21.0, Chicago, II, United States of America. RESULTS: Data showed that the mean salivary SCN level, periodontal parameters were higher in smokers with chronic periodontitis as compared to nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects (P < 0.05.) Post Hoc tests multiple comparisons Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) among three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Salivary thiocyanate levels remain increased by smoking in addition to the impact of periodontitis, and these results also indicated a significant change in the pH depending on the severity of the periodontal condition in smokers. Thus, the measurement of salivary thiocyanate may prove to be useful in the early detection of periodontal disease. The salivary pH shows significant changes and, consequently, relevant to the severity of the periodontal disease. Salivary pH may thus be used as a quick chairside diagnostic biomarker.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Biomarker Levels in e-Cigarette Smokers and Conventional Smokers.

BACKGROUND: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVES: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 ß, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 ß, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 ß with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.

Ameloblastic Fibrodentinoma: Report of a Case in an Infant.

Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD) is a debatable neoplasm with respect to its clinical, biological and histopathological diagnosis. The clinical and radiological presentation may mimic ameloblastic fibro odontoma, odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma and cemento-ossifying fibroma. We report an interesting case of AFD occurring in canine region of mandible in a one-year-old infant. From a review of English language literature, to the best of our knowledge this is the first case occurring in an infant. The purpose of this case report is to create awareness among the clinicians to make the best possible management of this controversial pathologic entity.