Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an impactful infectious disease, leading to millions of deaths every year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the formation of granulomas, which will determine, through the host-pathogen relationship, if the infection will remain latent or evolve into active disease. Early TB diagnosis is life-saving, especially among immunocompromised individuals, and leads to proper treatment, preventing transmission. This review addresses different approaches to diagnosing TB, from traditional methods such as sputum smear microscopy to more advanced molecular techniques. Integrating these techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), has significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of M. tuberculosis identification. Additionally, exploring novel biomarkers and applying artificial intelligence in radiological imaging contribute to more accurate and rapid diagnosis. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of existing diagnostic methods, including limitations in resource-limited settings and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. While the primary focus of this review is on TB diagnosis, we also briefly explore the challenges and strategies for diagnosing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current landscape of TB diagnostics, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and innovation. As the field evolves, it is crucial to ensure that these advancements are accessible and applicable in diverse healthcare settings to effectively combat tuberculosis worldwide.

Corrigendum: Establishment and immune phenotyping of patient-derived glioblastoma models in humanized mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324618.].

The Corrosive Effects of Aftermarket Oil Additives on High-Leaded Tin Bronze Alloy.

Aftermarket additives are used to enhance the performance of internal combustion engines in specific aspects such as reducing wear, increasing power, and improving fuel economy. Despite their advantages, they can sometimes cause corrosion-related problems. This research evaluated the corrosiveness of four aftermarket additives on the corrosion of a high-leaded tin bronze alloy over 28 days at 80 °C in immersion tests. Among the evaluated products, three showed corrosive effects ranging from intermediate to severe. Notably, the visual appearance of the surfaces often did not indicate the underlying corrosive damage. Therefore, the assessment of corrosiveness was based on chemical characterizations conducted on both the drained oils and the bronze surfaces. The study found minimal oil degradation under the testing conditions, indicating that the primary cause of corrosion was the interaction between the specific additives and the metal elements of the alloy, rather than oil degradation itself. A direct correlation was observed between the dissolution of lead and copper and the adsorption of S and Cl-containing additives on the surfaces, respectively. The corrosive impact of Cl-containing additives in aftermarket formulations was significantly reduced when mixed with engine oil SAE 10W-30 (at a 25:1 ratio), suggesting a mitigated effect in combined formulations, which is the recommended usage for engines.

A bioethical perspective on the meanings behind a wish to hasten death: a meta-ethnographic review.

BACKGROUND: The expressions of a "wish to hasten death" or "wish to die" raise ethical concerns and challenges. These expressions are related to ethical principles intertwined within the field of medical ethics, particularly in end-of-life care. Although some reviews were conducted about this topic, none of them provides an in-depth analysis of the meanings behind the "wish to hasten death/die" based specifically on the ethical principles of autonomy, dignity, and vulnerability. The aim of this review is to understand if and how the meanings behind the "wish to hasten death/die" relate to and are interpreted in light of ethical principles in palliative care. METHODS: We conducted a meta-ethnographic review according to the PRISMA guidelines and aligned with Noblit and Hare's framework. Searches were performed in three databases, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, with no time restrictions. Original qualitative studies exploring the meanings given by patients, family caregivers and healthcare professionals in any context of palliative and end-of-life care were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. PROSPERO registration CRD42023360330. RESULTS: Out of 893 retrieved articles, 26 were included in the analysis, accounting for the meanings of a total of 2,398 participants. Several factors and meanings associated with the "wish to hasten death" and/or "wish to die" were identified and are mainly of a psychosocial and spiritual nature. The ethical principles of autonomy and dignity were the ones mostly associated with the "wish to hasten death". Ethical principles were essentially inferred from the content of included articles, although not explicitly stated as bioethical principles. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-ethnographic review shows a reduced number of qualitative studies on the "wish to hasten death" and/or "wish to die" explicitly stating ethical principles. This suggests a lack of bioethical reflection and reasoning in the empirical end-of-life literature and a lack of embedded ethics in clinical practice. There is a need for healthcare professionals to address these topics compassionately and ethically, taking into account the unique perspectives of patients and family members. More qualitative studies on the meanings behind a wish to hasten death, their ethical contours, ethical reasoning, and implications for clinical practice are needed.

Development of a Melting-Curve-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Infection.

The prompt and accurate identification of the etiological agents of viral respiratory infections is a critical measure in mitigating outbreaks. In this study, we developed and clinically evaluated a novel melting-curve-based multiplex real-time PCR (M-m-qPCR) assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2, the Matrix protein 2 of the Influenza A virus, the RdRp domain of the L protein from the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and the polyprotein from Rhinovirus B genes. The analytical performance of the M-m-qPCR underwent assessment using in silico analysis and a panel of reference and clinical strains, encompassing viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, exhibiting 100% specificity. Moreover, the assay showed a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction for all targeted pathogens using the positive controls. To validate its applicability, the assay was further tested in simulated nasal fluid spiked with the viruses mentioned above, followed by validation on nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 811 individuals. Among them, 13.4% (109/811) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 1.1% (9/811) tested positive for Influenza A. Notably, these results showed 100% concordance with those obtained using a commercial kit. Therefore, the M-m-qPCR exhibits great potential for the routine screening of these respiratory viral pathogens.

Fate and Efficacy of Engineered Allogeneic Stem Cells Targeting Cell Death and Proliferation Pathways in Primary and Brain Metastatic Lung Cancer.

Primary and metastatic lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death and novel therapies are urgently needed. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and death receptor (DR) 4/5 are both highly expressed in primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, targeting these receptors individually has demonstrated limited therapeutic benefit in patients. In this study, we created and characterized diagnostic and therapeutic stem cells (SC), expressing EGFR-targeted nanobody (EV) fused to the extracellular domain of death DR4/5 ligand (DRL) (EVDRL) that simultaneously targets EGFR and DR4/5, in primary and metastatic NSCLC tumor models. We show that EVDRL targets both cell surface receptors, and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in a broad spectrum of NSCLC cell lines. Utilizing real-time dual imaging and correlative immunohistochemistry, we show that allogeneic SCs home to tumors and when engineered to express EVDRL, alleviate tumor burden and significantly increase survival in primary and brain metastatic NSCLC. This study reports mechanistic insights into simultaneous targeting of EGFR- and DR4/5 in lung tumors and presents a promising approach for translation into the clinical setting.

Sexual exposure to HIV in Angolan men who have sex with men immigrants: A cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In different contexts, international migrants are vulnerable to health disparities that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS exposure and continue to bear a significant burden of new virus infections in developed and developing countries. In this study, we sought to examine sexual practices and factors linked to HIV exposure among a sample of Angolan men who have sex with men (MSM) immigrants. METHODS: The study was conducted in two Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil and Portugal, and involved 250 Angolan MSM immigrants between September 2020 and February 2021, using sampling methods to constitute the sample and the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI) to define virus exposure risk. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to calculate the chances of higher HIRI index in the sample. RESULTS: Our results showed that 76.8% of participants presented a high HIRI index, influenced by the practice of chemsex (aOR: 4.26), having a known/repeated partner (aOR: 4.59), and engaging in passive sex without a condom in the last 30 days (aOR: 1.29) or 6 months (aOR: 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to focus on this vulnerable population and implement sexual health policies that integrate combined HIV prevention measures aimed at immigrant MSM.

Gene-edited and -engineered stem cell platform drives immunotherapy for brain metastatic melanomas.

Oncolytic virus therapy has shown activity against primary melanomas; however, its efficacy in brain metastases remains challenging, mainly because of the delivery and immunosuppressive nature of tumors in the brain. To address this challenge, we first established PTEN-deficient melanoma brain metastasis mouse models and characterized them to be more immunosuppressive compared with primary melanoma, mimicking the clinical settings. Next, we developed an allogeneic twin stem cell (TSC) system composed of two tumor-targeting stem cell (SC) populations. One SC was loaded with oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), and the other SC was CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited to knock out nectin 1 (N1) receptor (N1KO) to acquire resistance to oHSV and release immunomodulators, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Using mouse models of brain metastatic BRAFV600E/PTEN-/- and BRAFV600E/wt/PTEN-/- mutant melanomas, we show that locoregional delivery of TSCs releasing oHSV and GM-CSF (TSC-G) activated dendritic cell- and T cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, our strategy exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy when compared with the existing oncolytic viral therapeutic approaches. Moreover, the TSCs composed of SC-oHSV and SCN1KO-releasing GM-CSF and single-chain variable fragment anti-PD-1 (TSC-G/P) had therapeutic efficacy in both syngeneic and patient-derived humanized mouse models of leptomeningeal metastasis. Our findings provide a promising allogeneic SC-based immunotherapeutic strategy against melanomas in the CNS and a road map toward clinical translation.

Bifunctional cancer cell-based vaccine concomitantly drives direct tumor killing and antitumor immunity.

The administration of inactivated tumor cells is known to induce a potent antitumor immune response; however, the efficacy of such an approach is limited by its inability to kill tumor cells before inducing the immune responses. Unlike inactivated tumor cells, living tumor cells have the ability to track and target tumors. Here, we developed a bifunctional whole cancer cell-based therapeutic with direct tumor killing and immunostimulatory roles. We repurposed the tumor cells from interferon-ß (IFN-ß) sensitive to resistant using CRISPR-Cas9 by knocking out the IFN-ß-specific receptor and subsequently engineered them to release immunomodulatory agents IFN-ß and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These engineered therapeutic tumor cells (ThTCs) eliminated established glioblastoma tumors in mice by inducing caspase-mediated cancer cell apoptosis, down-regulating cancer-associated fibroblast-expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor ß, and activating antitumor immune cell trafficking and antigen-specific T cell activation signaling. This mechanism-based efficacy of ThTCs translated into a survival benefit and long-term immunity in primary, recurrent, and metastatic cancer models in immunocompetent and humanized mice. The incorporation of a double kill-switch comprising herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase and rapamycin-activated caspase 9 in ThTCs ensured the safety of our approach. Arming naturally neoantigen-rich tumor cells with bifunctional therapeutics represents a promising cell-based immunotherapy for solid tumors and establishes a road map toward clinical translation.

Establishment and immune phenotyping of patient-derived glioblastoma models in humanized mice.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of malignant brain tumor diagnosed in adults. Preclinical immunocompetent mouse tumor models generated using mouse tumor cells play a pivotal role in testing the therapeutic efficacy of emerging immune-based therapies for GBMs. However, the clinical translatability of such studies is limited as mouse tumor lines do not fully recapitulate GBMs seen in inpatient settings. In this study, we generated three distinct, imageable human-GBM (hGBM) models in humanized mice using patient-derived GBM cells that cover phenotypic and genetic GBM heterogeneity in primary (invasive and nodular) and recurrent tumors. We developed a pipeline to first enrich the tumor-initiating stem-like cells and then successfully established robust patient-derived GBM tumor engraftment and growth in bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice. Multiplex immunofluorescence of GBM tumor sections revealed distinct phenotypic features of the patient GBM tumors, with myeloid cells dominating the immune landscape. Utilizing flow cytometry and correlative immunofluorescence, we profiled the immune microenvironment within the established human GBM tumors in the BLT mouse models and showed tumor infiltration of variable human immune cells, creating a unique immune landscape compared with lymphoid organs. These findings contribute substantially to our understanding of GBM biology within the context of the human immune system in humanized mice and lay the groundwork for further translational studies aimed at advancing therapeutic strategies for GBM.

Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review / Vacunación vacuna en niños menores de cinco años: una revisión del alcance / Hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. Methods: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. Results: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. Conclusions: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y sus factores asociados. Métodos: revisión de alcance, realizada según la estructura metodológica propuesta por el JBI. Las búsquedas se realizaron en el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, Scientific Electronic Library Online y PubMed, incluida la literatura gris. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, español y portugués, sin delimitación temporal. Se excluyeron editoriales, estudios que no abordaran la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y que no estuvieran alineados con el objetivo y pregunta de investigación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 artículos. Resultados: la desinformación, la preocupación por los efectos adversos, la desconfianza en la eficacia, la angustia por la administración simultánea y la inseguridad por los laboratorios fueron los motivos informados. Conclusiones: se necesitan estrategias para combatir la falta de información sobre inmunobiológicos, ya que la desinformación fue el principal factor en la duda vacunal de los padres.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar evidências científicas sobre hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos e seus fatores associados. Métodos: revisão de escopo, conduzida conforme a estrutura metodológica proposta pelo JBI. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e PubMed, incluindo literatura cinzenta. Foram incluídos estudos em inglês, espanhol e português, sem delimitação, temporal. Foram excluídos editoriais, estudos que não abordaram hesitação vacinal em menores de cinco anos e não estiveram alinhadas com o objetivo e questão de pesquisa. A amostra foi composta por 18 artigos. Resultados: desinformação, preocupação com efeitos adversos, desconfiança sobre eficácia, aflição quanto à administração simultaneamente e insegurança em relação aos laboratórios foram os motivos relatados. Conclusões: são necessárias estratégias de combate à carência de informações acerca dos imunobiológicos, pois a desinformação foi o fator principal na hesitação vacinal dos pais.

Desafios dos laboratórios públicos da área de saúde ambiental para implantação e manutenção dos requisitos de normativas da qualidade para monitoramento da água de consumo humano / Challenges for public laboratories in the environmental health area for implementation and maintenance of quality regulatory requirements for monitoring human consumption water

Resumo Introdução O Ministério da Saúde (MS) é responsável pela vigilância da qualidade da água de consumo humano. A confiabilidade nos resultados do monitoramento de parâmetros analíticos minimiza riscos à saúde pública. Objetivo Retratar aspectos funcionais, a aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade e a aderência dos laboratórios públicos que atuam no monitoramento da água de consumo humano aos requisitos da norma ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025. Método A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 laboratórios públicos de todas as regiões do país, respondendo a um questionário elaborado com 49 perguntas sobre a formação e capacidade dos profissionais, garantia da validade dos resultados e sobre a determinação de parâmetros da qualidade da água. Resultados Dos 161 profissionais, 46% possuem mais de 10 anos de experiência e 65% têm formação superior. Capacitações específicas foram requeridas por todos. A validação dos métodos analíticos não foi realizada por 59%. Materiais de referência certificados são acessados por 41% e apenas 18% têm facilidade em adquiri-los. A participação em ensaios de proficiência foi reportada por 68% dos laboratórios, mas com poucos parâmetros avaliados e dificuldades em contratar provedores. Conclusão Evidenciou-se a necessidade de ações para fortalecimento da metrologia em laboratórios públicos que atuam na vigilância da qualidade da água.

Abstract Background The Ministry of Health (MS) is responsible for drinking water quality surveillance. Reliability in the results of monitoring analytical parameters minimizes public health risks. Objective To present functionals aspects and the application of quality tools by public laboratories that work to monitor the quality of drinking water. Method A survey was conducted with 30 public laboratories from all regions of the country, answering a questionnaire elaborated with 49 questions about the training and capacity of professionals, guaranteeing the validity of the results and about the determination of basic parameters of water quality. Results Of the 161 professionals, 46% have more than 10 years of experience and 65% have higher education. Specific training was required by everyone. The validation of the analytical methods was not performed by 59%. Reference materials are accessed by 41% and only 18% can acquire them easily. Participation in proficiency tests was reported by 68% of the laboratories, but with few parameters evaluated and difficulties in hiring providers. Conclusion The need for actions to strengthen metrology in public laboratories that work in water quality surveillance was highlighted.

The bioactive constituents and antioxidant activities of ten selected Brazilian Cerrado fruits.

This study measured the total levels of phenolic, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and tocopherol compounds, and vitamin C in ten fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado: araçá-boi, bacaba, bacupari, biribá, cajuí, curriola, marmelada-espinho, mirindiba, murici, and puçá-preto. Five extracts were prepared from each fruit using solvents with different polarities. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and inhibition of ß-carotene bleaching were determined for each extract. Scott-Knott test and principal component analysis showed that the analyzed fruits were rich sources of different classes of bioactive compounds, with levels comparable to those in commonly consumed fruits such as guavas, and various berries and citrus fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of biribá, cajuí, marmelada-espinho, and mirindiba. Moreover, mirindiba was found to be a rich source of vitamin C and phenolics, with an average level of carotenoids and tocopherols.

Markers of mitochondrial energy metabolism and their potential relationships with fatigue in human adults: a scoping review

This scoping review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence of the associations between molecular and genetic markers of mitochondrial metabolism and fatigue in human adults. The research question guiding this review was, "Are there potential relationships between mitochondrial metabolism markers and fatigue?" The literature search used three terms (mitochondria; fatigue; energy metabolism), which yielded 263 manuscripts and 22 theses/dissertations. The studies included in the review had to meet three criteria: (1) Include adult participants (≥18 years of age); (2) Show a relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and fatigue; (3) Be published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Of the 17 articles included for a full-text review, some had a cross-sectional design (6/17, 35%), and more than half (12/17, 70%) were published between 2015 and 2020. The predominant population studied were patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (9/17, 53%). Most studies (15/17, 88%) assessed fatigue with validated instruments. Mitochondrial markers associated with fatigue are a) mitochondrial transport pathways and respiratory chain, b) mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and c) energy disorders in cells of the immune system, such as natural killer cells. Mitochondrial metabolic activities, such as the production and transport of ATP, are significant components that may help understand the etiology of fatigue. Future directions should include longitudinal study designs, characterization of fatigue phenotypes, and the identification of markers involved in production and transport pathways. The clinical relevance in this field can lead to interventions targeting mitochondrial markers to reduce or prevent fatigue.

Combined effects of home advantage and match result on interactions performed by Brazilian handball players

Abstract Aim: This study verified the combined effects of game result and match location on centrality measures based on the interactions of Brazilian handball players. Methods: The sample consisted of 3435 interactions performed by 15 players during 7 official Brazilian Regional Championship matches. Social network analysis was applied to investigate the following network properties: degree of centrality, closeness centrality, degree of prestige, proximity prestige, and network density. Results: Results revealed that playing at home increases closeness centrality (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01), and network density (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). When the handball team lost the game, an increment in the network density in relation to the draw and win scenario was observed (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). It was observed that closeness centrality and network density increased when the team had lost and played at home, while when the team was playing away from home and losing, closeness centrality decreased (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, contextual variables impact the way that handball players interact during a match.

Resenha do livro Complete Guide to Sport Education ­ 2nd edition / Complete Guide to Sport Education ­ 2nd edition book review

Trata-se de uma resenha do livro Complete Guide to Sport Education ­ 2nd Edition, escrito por Daryl Siedentop, Peter A. Hastie e Hans Van Der Mars e publicado pela Editora Human Kinetics em 2011. A obra expõe os objetivos e características do Sport Education Model (SEM) e seu processo de implementação nas aulas de educação física. O livro resenhado, apesar de não possuir tradução para a língua portuguesa, apresenta importante contribuição para o campo da educação física e para o ensino das práticas corporais dessa disciplina na escola (AU).

Scoping review of tests to assess tactical knowledge and tactical performance of young soccer players.

This scoping review aimed to systematically map studies/tests for assessing the tactical domain of young soccer players. The study followed the PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The databases searched were Scopus, SPORTDiscus, SciELO, LILACS, and BDTD. The eligibility criteria were defined based on the elements of population, context, and concept, without restrictions on the period, language, and type of publication. Twenty-four papers were included, from 1997 to 2020, totalling 29 tests/instruments for the assessment of the tactical domain, with the majority of studies having an European sample. Twelve terms were used to nominate the tactical component, regardless of the assessment method and approach. Six tests met eight or nine criteria in the critical appraisal: TCTOF, TACSIS Spanish version, Semi-Structured Interview, TCTP-OE, GPET, and FUTSAT. Thus, it is concluded that studies and tests for the assessment of the tactical domain of young soccer players are recent and mainly European; there is no consensus about the adopted terminology; and few tests met the majority of the quality criteria. Therefore, we suggest: a) the construction/adaptation of tests with samples from other continents; b) the use of the proposed criteria; and c) that the terms tactical knowledge and tactical performance are adopted.

Relative age effect in brazilian handball selections / Efeito relativo da idade nas seleções brasileiras de handebol

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative age effect (RAE) in Brazilian male handball teams who competed in the world championships in the U-19, U-21, and adult categories. The sample was composed by 160 male handball players, 47 players being on U-19 category, 48 on U-21, and 65 on Adult category. The chronological age, body mass, height, and game position of each athlete were obtained on the International Federation of Handball website. The adopted significance level was of 5%. RAE was observed in all the three following categories U-19 (X2=21.511, P<0.01), U-21 (X2=15.894, P=0.01) and Adults (X2=35.123, P<0.01). Moreover, no RAE was found in re-selection process by sequential category (P= 0.63, U-19 to U-21; P= 0.46, U-21 to Adult). The RAE is found in Brazilian male handball national teams. However, this effect was not found in re-selection process, thus, players have great influence of RAE in U-19 and this remains through subsequent categories.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito relativo da idade (ERI) nas seleções Brasileira de handebol que competiram nos campeonatos mundiais das categorias Sub-19, Sub-21 e Adulta. A amostra foi composta por 160 jogadores de handebol do sexo masculino, sendo 47 pertencentes a categoria Sub-19, 48 a Sub-21 e 65 a Adulta. A idade cronológica, massa corporal, estatura e posição de jogo de cada atleta foram obtidas no site oficial da Federação Internacional de Handebol. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. ERI foi observado em todas as três seguintes categorias Sub-19 (X2=21.511, P<0.01), Sub-21 (X2=15.894, P=0.01) e adulta (X2=35.123, P<0.01). Além disso, não foi encontrado ERI no processo de re-seleção pela categoria sequencial (P= 0.63, Sub-19 para Sub-21; P=0.46, Sub-21 para Adulta). O ERI foi encontrado nas seleções brasileiras de handebol. Contudo, este efeito não foi encontrado no processo de re-seleção, assim, os jogadores sofrem grande influência do ERI na categoria Sub-19 e isto permanece durante as categorias subsequentes até a equipe adulta.

"Programa universitário por um dia": ação de responsabilidade social e inclusão / "Programa universitario por un día": acción de responsabilidad social e inclusión / "University for a day program": action of social responsibility and inclusion

RESUMO Introdução: ações de aproximação de alunos de ensino médio público para universidades públicas são essenciais para facilitar a transição acadêmica e incentivar o ingresso e a permanência estudantil. Tais ações ainda apresentam aos alunos visitantes as possibilidades inerentes ao ambiente acadêmico qualificado e propiciam oportunidades e novo pensar sobre seu futuro pessoal e profissional. Objetivo: relatar as atividades do Programa Universitário por um Dia (EERP-USP), que se caracterizam como ações de responsabilidade social e de inclusão universitária. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, de ações de extensão universitária para os alunos do ensino médio público, obtido a partir da análise de um banco de dados preexistente. Resultados: no período de março a novembro de 2019, o Programa Universitário por um Dia recebeu 426 alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP e região, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (64%) e com idade média de 17 anos. Do total de participantes do projeto, seis obtiveram aprovação no processo seletivo da Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST) para ingresso na Universidade de São Paulo. Conclusão: os resultados revelam o caráter social de inclusão com impacto positivo como ação de extensão universitária.

RESUMEN Introducción: las acciones para acercar a los estudiantes de secundaria pública a las universidades públicas son fundamentales para facilitar la transición académica y fomentar la matrícula y permanencia de los estudiantes. Tales acciones aún presentan a los estudiantes visitantes las posibilidades inherentes al entorno académico calificado y brindan oportunidades y nuevas formas de pensar sobre su futuro personal y profesional. Objetivo: dar a conocer las actividades del Programa Universitario por un Día (EERP-USP), las cuales se caracterizan como acciones de responsabilidad social e inclusión universitaria. Método: estudio descriptivo, tipo de relato de experiencia, de acciones de extensión universitaria para estudiantes de secundaria pública, obtenido a partir del análisis de una base de datos preexistente. Resultados: en el período de marzo a noviembre de 2019, el Programa Universitario por un Día recibió a 426 estudiantes de secundaria de escuelas públicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP y región, la mayoría mujeres (64%) y con una edad promedio de 17 años. Del total de participantes en el proyecto, seis obtuvieron la aprobación en el proceso de selección de la Fundación Universitaria del Vestibular (FUVEST) para el ingreso a la Universidad de São Paulo. Conclusión: los resultados revelan el carácter social de la inclusión con impacto positivo como acción de extensión universitaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: actions to bring public high school students closer to public universities are essential to facilitate the academic transition and encourage student enrollment and permanence. Such actions still present visiting students with the possibilities inherent in the qualified academic environment and provide opportunities and new thinking about their personal and professional future. Objective: to report the activities of the University for a Day Program (EERP-USP), which are characterized as actions of social responsibility and university inclusion. Method: descriptive study, type of experience report, of university extension actions for public high school students, obtained from the analysis of a pre-existing database. Results: in the period from March to November 2019, the University for a Day Program received 426 high school students from public schools in Ribeirão Preto-SP and region, the majority being female (64%) and with an average age of 17 years old. Of the total number of project participants, six obtained approvals in the selection process of the Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST) for admission to the University of São Paulo. Conclusion: the results reveal the social character of inclusion with a positive impact as a university extension action.

Polimorfismos genéticos de nucleotídeo único relacionados a sintomas depressivos em pacientes oncológicos: uma scoping review / Single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms related to depressive symptoms in cancer patients: a scoping review

Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo que objetivou relatar as evidências científicas reportadas na literatura referentes a polimorfismos genéticos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos em pessoas com câncer. A pergunta de pesquisa que norteou esta revisão foi: "Quais polimorfismos genéticos de nucleotídeo único estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos em pacientes oncológicos?". Para a sua condução foi utilizado o referencial teórico proposto por Arksey & O'Malley (2005), acrescido de ampliações de Levac, Colquhoun & O'Brien (2010) e Colquhoun, Levac & O'Brien (2014). Realizou-se buscas sistematizadas nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science e Scopus. Encontrou-se 1946 referências únicas e, após rigorosa seleção, 10 artigos atenderam aos três critérios de inclusão propostos: (1) estudos clínicos conduzidos com pacientes oncológicos; (2) apresentar relação entre SNPs e o desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos; (3) publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Dos 10 artigos incluídos na amostra final, 70% tratava-se de estudos longitudinais, a maioria produzidos nos Estados Unidos (40%), com publicação predominante entre os anos 2012-2014 (60%). A população predominantemente estudada foram mulheres acometidas por câncer de mama (60%) e os sintomas depressivos foram, em sua maioria, avaliados por intermédio de instrumentos validados cientificamente (80%). Os SNPs relacionados aos sintomas depressivos foram encontrados, sobretudo, em genes da via inflamatória (6/11, 54,5%), e o polimorfismo mais estudado foi o rs6265 do gene BDNF, da via de transdução de sinais (4/11, 36,3%). Os principais achados dessa revisão, demonstram que portadores do genótipo Met-BDNF tendem a apresentar maior risco de desenvolvimento e agravamento dos sintomas depressivos. Além disso, os SNPs de genes da via da inflamação, especialmente aqueles relacionados à produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, podem desempenhar um importante papel preditivo de sintomas depressivos, na referida população. Portanto, pode-se concluir que as evidências disponíveis na literatura apontam que o polimorfismo do gene BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) e SNPs do sistema imunológico, em especial da via inflamatória, despontam como potenciais marcadores biológicos, no contexto do desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos em pacientes oncológicos

This is a scoping review that aimed to report the scientific evidence reported in the literature regarding single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) and their relation with the development of depressive symptoms in people with cancer. The research question that guided this review was: "Which single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms are related to the development of depressive symptoms in cancer patients?". The theoretical reference proposed by Arksey & O'Malley (2005) was used to conduct it, plus extensions by Levac, Colquhoun & O'Brien (2010) and Colquhoun, Levac & O'Brien (2014). Systematic searches were carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus. 1946 unique references were found and, after rigorous selection, 10 articles met the three proposed inclusion criteria: (1) clinical studies conducted with cancer patients; (2) presenting a relation between SNPs and the development of depressive symptoms; (3) published in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Of the 10 articles included in the final sample, 70% were longitudinal studies, most of them produced in the United States (40%), with a predominant publication between the years 2012-2014 (60%). The predominantly studied population were women affected by breast cancer (60%) and the depressive symptoms were mostly evaluated using scientifically validated instruments (80%). SNPs related to depressive symptoms were found, mainly, in genes of the inflammatory pathway (6/11, 54.5%), and the most studied polymorphism was the rs6265 of the BDNF gene, of the signal transduction pathway (4/11, 36.3%). The main findings of this review demonstrate that patients with the Met-BDNF genotype tend to have a higher risk of developing and worsening depressive symptoms. In addition, the SNPs of genes in the inflammation pathway, especially those related to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can play an important predictive role of depressive symptoms in this population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the evidence available in the literature indicates that the polymorphism of the BDNF gene Val66Met (rs6265) and SNPs of the immune system, especially of the inflammatory pathway, emerge as potential biological markers, in the context of the development of depressive symptoms in oncological patients