Propolis reduces the stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Brazilian propolis on head and neck cancer stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (UM-SCC-17B and UM-SCC-74A), human keratinocytes (HK), and primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) were treated with 0.5, 5.0, or 50 µg/mL green, brown or red Brazilian propolis or vehicle control for 24, 36, and 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated by Sulforhodamine B assay. Western blots evaluated expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (i.e. ALDH, CD44, Oct-4, Bmi-1) and flow cytometry was performed to determine the impact of propolis in the fraction of CSC, defined as ALDHhighCD44high cells. RESULTS: propolis significantly reduced cell viability of HNSCC and HDMEC cells, but not HK. Notably, red propolis caused a significant reduction in the percentage of CSC, reduced the number of orospheres, and downregulated the expression of stem cell markers. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data demonstrate an anti-CSC effect of propolis, and suggest that propolis (i.e. red propolis) might be beneficial for patients with head and neck cancer.

Periodontal disease and subgingival microbiota as contributors for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis: modifiable risk factors?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since the early 1900s, the role of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been a matter of intense research. The last decade has witnessed many advances supporting a link between periodontitis, the presence of specific bacterial species (i.e. Porphyromonas gingivalis) and their effects in immune response. This review will examine available evidence on the individuals. RECENT FINDINGS: Epidemiological studies have stressed the commonalities shared by periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Many groups have focused their attention toward understanding the periodontal microbiota and its alterations in states of health and disease. The presence of circulating antibodies against periodontopathic bacteria and associated inflammatory response has been found in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and individuals at-risk for disease development. Most recently, the periodontal microbiota of smokers and patients with RA has been elucidated, revealing profound changes in the bacterial communities compared with those of healthy controls. This has led to several small clinical trials of progressive disease treatment as adjuvant for disease-modifying therapy in RA. SUMMARY: Smoking and periodontal disease are emerging risk factors for the development of RA. Epidemiological, clinical, and basic research has further strengthened this association, pointing toward changes in the oral microbiota as possible contributors to systemic inflammation and arthritis.

Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To profile the abundance and diversity of subgingival oral microbiota in patients with never-treated, new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Periodontal disease (PD) status, clinical activity, and sociodemographic factors were determined in patients with new-onset RA, patients with chronic RA, and healthy subjects. Multiplexed-454 pyrosequencing was used to compare the composition of subgingival microbiota and establish correlations between the presence/abundance of bacteria and disease phenotypes. Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody testing was performed to assess prior exposure to the bacterial pathogen P gingivalis. RESULTS: The more advanced forms of periodontitis were already present at disease onset in patients with new-onset RA. The subgingival microbiota observed in patients with new-onset RA was distinct from that found in healthy controls. In most cases, however, these microbial differences could be attributed to the severity of PD and were not inherent to RA. The presence and abundance of P gingivalis were also directly associated with the severity of PD and were not unique to RA. The presence of P gingivalis was not correlated with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers. Overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar between patients with new-onset RA and controls, observed in 78% of patients and 83% of controls. The presence and abundance of Anaeroglobus geminatus correlated with the presence of ACPAs/rheumatoid factor. Prevotella and Leptotrichia species were the only characteristic taxa observed in patients with new-onset RA irrespective of PD status. CONCLUSION: Patients with new-onset RA exhibited a high prevalence of PD at disease onset, despite their young age and paucity of smoking history. The subgingival microbiota profile in patients with new-onset RA was similar to that in patients with chronic RA and healthy subjects whose PD was of comparable severity. Although colonization with P gingivalis correlated with the severity of PD, overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar among the groups. The role of A geminatus and Prevotella/Leptotrichia species in this process merits further study.

Systemic inflammatory markers, periodontal diseases, and periodontal infections in an elderly population.

OBJECTIVES: To study the levels of systemic markers for inflammation with parameters of periodontal diseases in older people. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort that is being followed prospectively on the effects of aging and body composition on morbidity. SETTING: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, and University of Tennessee, Memphis. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand one hundred thirty-one participants (mean age+/-standard deviation 72.7+/-2.8); 66% white and 50% male. MEASUREMENTS: Periodontal examination, including probing depth and attachment loss, was performed. Periodontal disease extent was divided into 0% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more, 1% to 10% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more and more than 10% of sites with probing depth of 6 mm or more. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from four molar teeth, and the levels of periodontal pathogens were determined using the benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured in all participants. Assessments of risk factors associated with elevated levels of markers of systemic inflammation were also determined. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: IL-6 levels were significantly higher in participants with more-extensive periodontal disease than in other participants. Periodontal disease extent was significantly associated with higher TNF-alpha plasma levels, controlling for established risk factors for elevated TNF-alpha levels. Participants with BANA-positive species had significantly higher CRP plasma levels when controlling for risk factors for elevated CRP levels. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease and infection may be modifiable risk indicators for elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers in older people.

Periodontal disease and weight loss in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between periodontal disease and weight loss in an elderly cohort. DESIGN: A longitudinal design was used with participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) cohort study to determine the association between periodontal disease status and weight loss of at least 5% of baseline body weight over a period of 2 years. SETTING: Participants were examined in research clinics in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS: A randomly selected subset of 1,053 individuals from the Health ABC examination, aged 65 and older, ambulatory and community-dwelling at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Periodontal disease was measured as mean pocket depth and attachment loss, extent (percentage) of pockets with at least 6 mm probing depth, extent of bleeding on probing, and tissue inflammation. RESULTS: In logistic regression models adjusting for variables that may explain weight loss, extent of periodontal pockets with at least 6 mm probing depth showed a significant association with weight loss (odds ratio=1.53, 95% confidence interval=1.32-1.77). CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease may be causally related to weight loss in the elderly and thus may increase risk of morbidity and mortality.

Risk indicators for periodontal diseases in Guatemalan adolescents / Indicadores de risco para as doenças periodontais em adolescentes guatemaltecos

Uma amostra selecionada ao acaso de 62 adolescentes na faixa etária de 11 a 15 anos, de 17 localidades diferentes na Guatelama, compôs o grupo a ser estudado. Profundidade de bolsa, índice de placa, e sangramento à sondagem foram computados de 6 sítios periodontais escolhidos ao acaso de cada participante (total de 372 sítios). Amostras de placa subgengival foram obtidas destes mesmos sítios. Em cada par de sítios, testes microbiológicos distintos foram processados, à saber: sítios 1 e 2 - teste BANA para T. denticola, P. gingivalis, e B forsythus, e anticorpos policlonais para A. actinomycetemcomitans; sítios 3 e 4 - detecção de fungos no agar SAB; sítios 5 e 6 - detecção de Entamoeba gingivalis pela técnica de Heidenhain. Um total de 66 por cento dos participantes evidenciaram ao menos um sítio com sangramento à sondagem, 42 por cento exibiram no minímo um sítio com profundidade de bolsa > 3mm, e 79 por cento exibiram alto índice de placa. O percentual correspondente de sítios foi 30 por cento, 12 por cento e 41 por cento. Nos sítios 1 e 2 (N = 124), 77 por cento e 47 por cento dos participantes testaram positivo para o teste BANA e para A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectivamente, totalizando 59 por cento e 31 por cento dos sítios. Nos sítios 3 e 4 (N = 124), fungos foram detectados em 43 por cento dos participantes e 39 por cento dos sítios. Nos sítios 5 e 6 (N = 124) E. giginvalis foi detectada em 21 por cento dos participantes e 11 por cento dos sítios. O risco para inflamação gengival severa e/ou profundidade de bolsa aumentada estava 1,5 e 5,2 vezes aumentado o resultado positivo para o teste de BANA ou para A. actinomycetemcomitans foi detectado num determinado sítio. Nenhuma associação foi verificada para fungos e para E.gingivalis

Utilizaçäo da própolis em odontologia / The use of propolis in dentistry

O propósito desta revisäo é descrever o uso da própolis na prática odontológica

Níveis de infecçäo de estreptococos do grupo mutans em gestantes / Infection levels in pregnant women by mutans streptococci

Condiderando que a aquisiçäo precoce dos estreptococos do grupo mutans é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesöes cariosas nas crianças e que a transmissäo desses microrganismos é dependente do nível de colonizaçäo apresentado pelas mäes, procurou-se analisar a situaçäo bucal de gestantes residentes na cidade de Bauru-SP-Brasil. Foram amostradas 50 gestantes na faixa etária de 16 a 37 (média de 22,8 ñ 5,5 anos) de baixo nível sócio-econômico que faziam acompanhamento pré-natal no Núcleo de Assistência às Gestantes (NAG-7). A condiçäo bucal foi avaliada pelo índice CPO-S, realizado com o auxílio de sonda exploradora e espelho, sem o uso de tomadas radiográficas. Amostras de saliva estimulada foram obtidas e manipuladas de acordo com as especificaçöes do fabricante do Caritest-SM (HERPO), para pesquisa do grupo mutans...

Eruption of first permanent molars and saliva secretion / Erupçäo de primeiros molares permanentes e secreçäo salivar

O propósito deste estudo foi o de determinar a influência da erupçäo de primeiros molares permanentes na taxa de secreçäo salivar näo-estimulada. A taxa de secreçäo salivar de escolares foi obtida antes e após a erupçäo de primeiros molares permanentes num intervalo de 10 meses. Os resultados evidenciaram que näo houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas, no toque à taxa de secreçäo salivar dos participantes, entre as coletas efetuadas antes e após a erupçäo dos primeiros molares permanentes. No entanto, uma análise das taxas de secreçäo salivar por indivíduo demonstrou que houve um aumento das mesmas na maioria dos participantes após a erupçäo dos primeiros molares permanentes

Dentin bonding: SEM evaluation of the glass ionomer-dentim interface

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microstructure of the glass ionomerdentin interface after various dentin surface treatments, and to determine which treatment established a hybrid layer at this interface. Thirty sound extracted human teeth (permanent molars) were stored in a disinfectant solution (0.2 percent sodium azide). The occlusal enamel was removed, the dentin exposed and divided into two halves allowing two different dentin treatments in the same tooth. All teeth were mounted in a hydrostatic intrapulpal pressure apparatus, to simulate the in vivo conditions, and removed 12 hours after restorations had been completed. Groups were studied with regards to dentin surface conditioning: 1) no dentin conditioning; 2) GC Conditioner; 3) Vitremer Primer; 4) 35 percent Phosphoric Acid + Vitremer Primer; 5) 35 percent Phosphoric Acid + Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Primer + Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive Resin. Standard procedures for preparing these specimens for SEM were utilized and the glass ionomer-dentin interface was evaluated under three different magnifications (300, 3000 and 13000 x). The presence and thickness of the hybrid layer was recorded for each specimen and a photomicrograph of a representative area was taken. The results indicated that the interfacial seal was more homogeneous when the dentin was conditioned with 35 percent Phosphoric Acid and either Vitremer Primer or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was applied prior to the glass ionomer. This suggests that these two dentin treatments may provide better adhesion and less microleakage for glass ionomer restorations.

Comportamento do hospedeiro e as doenças periodontais / Host responses and periodontal diseases

O propósito desta revisão é descrever conceitos relacionados ao comportamento do hospedeiro, em nível sistêmico e local, e as doenças periodontais. Assim, os conceitos descritos neste trabalho de revisão são fundamentados em investigações clínicas e laboratoriais. A complexidade em avaliar, tratar e monitorar doenças periodontais destrutivas leva à necessidade de se adicionar, aos parâmetros microbiológicos e clínicos, informação pertinente ao comportamento do hospedeiro. Dessa forma, algumas inter-relações hospedeiro-doenças periodontais serão revisadas e discutidas