Pharmacological Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Radioprotectors Cystamine and Indralin in the Capacity of Radiomitigators.

The therapeutic radiomitigating effect of cystamine and indralin was studied in experiments on mice and rats and pharmacological analysis of these drugs was carried out. The animals were subjected to whole-body 60Co γ-irradiation. The mice were exposed to single (9-10 Gy) or double (8 Gy) irradiation with an interval of 1 month. The rats were exposed to 10 Gy with partial shielding of the upper quarter of the abdomen. In experiments on mice, pretreatment with reserpine abolished the therapeutic effect of cystamine administered repeatedly every 15 min over 1 h after irradiation. Moreover, summation of the radioprotective and therapeutic effects of the radioprotector was revealed under these conditions. In mice and rats, α1-adrenoreceptor blocker terazosin did not abolish the therapeutic effect of indralin administrated after irradiation, but blocked the radioprotective effect of indralin applied prior to irradiation. At the same time, 5-HT2 serotonin receptor blocker tropoxin abolished the therapeutic effect of indralin without affecting its radioprotective activity.

Comparison of mortality in Asbest city and the Sverdlovsk region in the Russian Federation: 1997-2010.

BACKGROUND: The Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation is characterised by its abundance of natural resources and industries. Located in this region, Asbest city is situated next to one of the largest open-pit chrysotile asbestos mines currently operational; many city residents are employed in activities related to mining and processing of chrysotile. We compared mortality rates from 1997 to 2010 in Asbest city to the remaining Sverdlovsk region, with additional analyses conducted for site-specific cancer mortality. METHODS: Population and mortality data for Asbest city and Sverdlovsk region were used to estimate crude and age-specific rates by gender for the entire period and for each calendar year. Age-standardized mortality rates were also calculated for the adult population (20+) and Poisson regression was used to estimate standardized mortality ratios, overall and by gender. RESULTS: During the period of 1997 to 2010, there were similar mortality rates overall in Asbest and the Sverdlovsk region. However, there were higher rates of cancer mortality (18 % males; 21 % females) and digestive diseases (21 % males; 40 % females) in Asbest and lower rates of unknown/ill-defined in Asbest (60 % males; 47 % females). Circulatory disease mortality was slightly lower in Asbest. Cancer mortality was higher for men in Asbest from oesophageal, urinary tract and lung cancers compared to the Sverdlovsk region. In women, cancer mortality was higher for women in Asbest from stomach, colon, lung and breast cancers compared to the Sverdlovsk region. CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based analysis indicates interesting differences but studies with individual exposure information are needed to understand the underlying factors.

[Reproductive health disorders in night shift workers (review of literature)].

The review considers problems of reproductive health disorders in night shift workers. In materials of national and foreign authors, ambiguous opinions are presented on the influence, such as on reproductive sphere malignancies development in shift workers. Data of experimental and clnical laboratory studies are presented, that support reproductive pathologies connected with night shift work. The authors tackle a problem on role of epiphysis and circadian rhythms, that influence physiologic biologic rhythms.

A retrospective cohort study of cancer mortality in employees of a Russian chrysotile asbestos mine and mills: study rationale and key features.

Chrysotile, a serpentine asbestos fibre, is the only type of asbestos produced and consumed in the world today. It is an established human carcinogen. We have begun fieldwork on a retrospective cohort study of employees of one of the world's largest chrysotile mine and mills, situated in Asbest, Russia. The primary aim of the study is to better characterize and quantify the risk of cancer mortality in terms of (i) the dose-response relationship of exposure with risk; (ii) the range of cancer sites affected, including female-specific cancers; and (iii) effects of duration of exposure and latency periods. This information will expand our understanding of the scale of the impending cancer burden due to chrysotile, including if chrysotile use ceased worldwide forthwith. Herein we describe the scientific rationale for conducting this study and the main features of its study design.