General practitioners' perspectives on lifestyle interventions for cognitive preservation in dementia prevention.

BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in identifying cognitive impairment and dementia and providing post-diagnostic care. This study investigates (1) how promising GP consider lifestyle changes to maintain cognitive performance in general, (2) GP beliefs about the power of modifiable health and lifestyle factors to maintain cognitive performance, and (3) whether those beliefs vary by GP age. METHODS: As part of the AgeWell.de trial, GPs (n = 72) completed a process evaluation questionnaire assessing their perspectives on lifestyle changes to preserve cognitive performance in elderly patients. In greater detail, their perceived efficacy of established risk and protective factors was investigated using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for research question (1) and (2). Spearman´s rank correlations and ordinal logistic regressions were used to answer research question (3). All results were interpreted exploratively. RESULTS: GPs rated the overall chance of lifestyle changes maintaining cognitive performance quite neutral with a median score of 3.0 (IQR = 2.0). They rated the efficacy of all the modifiable health and lifestyle factors high, with increase in physical and social activity ((Mdn = 5.0, IQR = 1.0) receiving the highest ratings with the narrowest range. Spearman's rank correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between age and the belief in "Optimization of nutrition" for preventing cognitive decline and dementia (ρ = .255, p = .041). However, ordinal logistic regressions showed no significant relationships between age and GP ratings of lifestyle change efficacy. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the positive perception of GPs on the efficacy of modifiable health and lifestyle factors for preventing cognitive decline and dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The AgeWell.de trial is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; trial identifier: DRKS00013555, Registration Date 07 December 2017).

Time to move beyond surgical classification systems for endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a common condition associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, diagnosis relies on laparoscopy, and staging is based on extent of disease. Unfortunately, the current staging systems do not correlate well with pain severity and impact, nor do they predict prognosis, i.e., treatment success and recurrence of disease. In this article, we discuss the strengths and limitations of current staging systems and propose modifications that will enable better classification systems to be developed in the future.

Perfil lector de niños con y sin retraso lector en la ciudad de cali (colombia) / Reading performance of children with and without reading delay in Cali (Colombia)

Resumen El presente estudio piloto tiene por objetivo identificar diferencias en el perfil lector de una muestra de niños con y sin retraso lector. Para ello se evaluaron cuarenta niños de ocho y nueve años de edad, de estrato socioeconómico bajo, que cursan entre segundo y cuarto de primaria en un colegio privado, sin ánimo de lucro, en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). La mitad de los estudiantes conformó el grupo experimental, al ser diagnosticados con retraso lector. La otra mitad fue el grupo control. Todos los niños fueron evaluados con los subdominios de habilidades metalingüísticas y de lectura de la batería Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI). Los principales resultados del estudio demuestran que los niños con retraso lector presentan dificultades en sus habilidades del lenguaje oral, como conciencia fonológica y comprensión, que son esenciales para una correcta adquisición del proceso lector.

Abstract This pilot study aims to identify differences in the reading profile of a sample of children with and without reading delay. 40 children aged eight and nine years old, of low socioeconomic status, from second to fourth grade that assist to a private non-profit school of Cali (Colombia) participated in the study. Half of the children formed the experimental group, since they were diagnosed with reading delay. The other half formed the control group. All children were assessed with the subdo-mains of Habilidades Metalingüísticas and Lectura of the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil battery (ENI). The main results of the study showed that children with reading delay presented difficulties in some of their oral language skills that are needed to acquire reading, such as phonological awareness and comprehension.