Erratum: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101.

Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen.

We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.

Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, by W. Sun, G.-R. Chen, J. Wang, X.-Y. Yu, X.-F. Hao, M.-Y. Hu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (10): 5360-5366-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202005_21319-PMID: 32495870" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/21319.

Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62×10^{6} iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray Fe flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of the primary cosmic ray He, C, and O fluxes, with the Fe/O flux ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly Fe and He, C, and O belong to the same class of primary cosmic rays which is different from the primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si class.

LINC00473 functions as an oncogene and predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer via the cAMP/ß-catenin axis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and function of LINC00463 in pancreatic cancer (PC), and to demonstrate the relationship between LINC00473 expression and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of PC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expressions of LINC00473 in PC tissues and cell lines were detected using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). LINC00473 siRNA was synthesized to knock down the LINC00473 expression in PANC-1 cells. Proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of experimental cells were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell assay, respectively. cAMP activity was detected and protein expression of ß-catenin was measured to explain the underlying mechanism of LINC00473 in PC. The prognosis and clinical pathological features of PC patients were illustrated. RESULTS: LINC00473 was highly expressed in PC tissues and cells. Higher level of LINC00473 was relative with larger tumor size, worse tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, worse tumor differentiation, higher rates of perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Knockdown of LINC00473 significantly inhibited cell growth, invasion, and migration of PANC-1 cells. LINC00473 activated cAMP and then promoted the phosphorylation of ß-catenin to promote the progression of PC. Furthermore, high expression of LINC00473 and ß-catenin remarkedly indicated poor prognosis of PC patients. CONCLUSIONS: LINC00473 was upregulated in PC tissues and cells, indicating a poor prognosis and clinical pathological features of PC. It promoted PC progression via activating the cAMP/ß-catenin axis, which provided a novel target for the prediction for PC diagnosis, biological therapy, and prognosis.

Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most ordinary cancers worldwide. Recently, researches have suggested the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of tumorigenesis. This study aims to identify how lncRNA OR3A4 functions in the development of CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: OR3A4 expressions in 54 paired CRC tissues and CRC cell lines were detected by Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the in vitro functions of OR3A4 in CRC cells were identified by performing proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Besides, the underlying mechanism of OR3A4 in CRC development was explored through Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: OR3A4 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than adjacent normal ones. Cell proliferation, migration, and CRC were inhibited after OR3A4 was knocked down in vitro, which were promoted after upregulation of OR3A4. Moreover, OR3A4 could activate the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, thus influencing phenotypes of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS: OR3A4 enhances CRC cell proliferation and migration by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

LINC01857 promotes the development of gastric cancer by regulating microRNA-200b.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression characteristics of LINC01857 in gastric cancer (GCa), and to further study whether it could promote GCa development by modulating microRNA-200b. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to examine LINC01857 expression in 60 pairs of GCa tissues and adjacent tissues. The interplay between LINC01857 level and clinical indexes and the prognosis of GCa patients was analyzed. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression level of LINC01857 in GCa cell lines. LINC01857 knockdown model was constructed by lentivirus transfection in GCa cell lines. Subsequently, the effect of LINC01857 on the biological function of GCa cells was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), wound healing, and transwell assays. Furthermore, the in-depth relationship between LINC01857 and microRNA-200b was explored. RESULTS: QRT-PCR results showed that LINC01857 level in GCa tissues was remarkably higher than that of adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared with patients with a low level of LINC01857, the rate of lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with a high level of LINC01857 was remarkably higher, while the overall survival rate was lower (p<0.05). In vitro experiments showed that LINC01857 knockdown remarkably decreased the invasion, migration, and crawling ability of GCa cells (p<0.05). Subsequent qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the level of microRNA-200b was remarkably upregulated after the silence of LINC01857. In addition, the silence of microRNA-200b could reverse the biological function of GCa cells induced by the knockout of LINC01857. CONCLUSIONS: LINC01857 was highly expressed in GCa, and was associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients with GCa. In addition, LINC01857 enhanced the metastatic ability of GCa cells by regulating microRNA-200b.

CuAAC click chemistry accelerates the discovery of novel chemical scaffolds as promising protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibitors.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are crucial regulators for numerous biological processes in nature. The dysfunction and overexpression of many PTP members have been demonstrated to cause fatal human diseases such as cancers, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune disorders. In the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the production of PTPs inhibitors by both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are only limited drug candidates in clinical trials and no commercial drugs have been approved, implying that further efficient discovery of novel chemical entities competent for inhibition of the specific PTP target in vivo remains yet a challenge. In light of the click-chemistry paradigm which advocates the utilization of concise and selective carbon-heteroatom ligation reactions for the modular construction of useful compound libraries, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azidealkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) has fueled enormous energy into the modern drug discovery. Recently, this ingenious chemical ligation tool has also revealed efficacious and expeditious in establishing large combinatorial libraries for the acquisition of novel PTPs inhibitors with promising pharmacological profiles. We thus offer here a comprehensive review highlighting the development of PTPs inhibitors accelerated by the CuAAC click chemistry.

Syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with brief immunosuppression for severe aplastic anemia.

We report the cases of two severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients who were successfully treated with syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) using immunosuppression without high-dose chemotherapy or irradiation for conditioning. A 21-year-old woman with SAA of 6 years duration had been transfused heavily before transplantation and had developed refractory thrombocytopenia, chronic hepatitis and secondary hematochromatosis. Syngeneic PBSCT with immunosuppression using ATG, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporin-A was eventually performed without high-dose chemotherapy in September 1997. The second syngeneic PBSCT with the same immunosuppression was successfully performed in a 35-year-old male patient who had had SAA for 3 months in November 1998. Haemopoietic engraftment was rapid and sustained. There was no infection or mucositis during the syngeneic PBSCT. The patients are currently 9 to 22 months post-PBSCT without rejection. Our experience suggests that syngeneic PBSCT with brief immunosuppression is an effective alternative to pretransplant high-dose chemotherapy conditioning for SAA patients having syngeneic transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 337-339.