Association of Different ABO and Rh Blood Groups with the Erythroprotective Effect of Extracts from Navicula incerta and Their Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties.

Previous studies have reported that different blood groups are associated with the risk of chronic degenerative diseases that mainly involve inflammation and neoplastic processes. We investigate the relationship between blood groups and the erythroprotective effect of extracts from Navicula incerta against oxidative damage as a proposal to develop drugs designed for people with a specific blood type related to chronic pathology. The study was carried out through the elucidation of the erythroprotective potential, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity of Navicula incerta. Research suggests that the presence or absence of certain blood groups increases or decreases the abilities of certain phytochemicals to inhibit oxidative stress, which is related to the systemic inflammatory response involved in the development of different types of cancer. The pigment-rich extracts from Navicula incerta inhibit ROO•- induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes on the A RhD+ve antigen without compromising the structure of the cell membrane. This result is very important, since the A antigen is related to the susceptibility of contracting prostate cancer. Similarly, it was possible to inhibit the proliferation of cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC-3) carcinoma. The combinatorial analysis of different biological activities can help design phytochemicals as new candidates for preventive drugs treating the chronic degenerative diseases associated with a specific blood group.

Evaluation of Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Digestibility of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv Blanoro) Stored under N2 and CO2 Atmospheres.

The aim of this work was to monitor the quality, antioxidant capacity and digestibility of chickpea exposed to different modified atmospheres. Chickpea quality (proximal analysis, color, texture, and water absorption) and the antioxidant capacity of free, conjugated, and bound phenol fractions obtained from raw and cooked chickpea, were determined. Cooked chickpea was exposed to N2 and CO2 atmospheres for 0, 25, and 50 days, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-[3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]), and total phenols. After in vitro digestion, the antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and AAPH (2,2'-Azobis [2-methylpropionamidine]). Additionally, quantification of total phenols, and UPLC-MS profile were determined. The results indicated that this grain contain high quality and high protein (18.38%). Bound phenolic compounds showed the highest amount (105.6 mg GAE/100 g) and the highest antioxidant capacity in all techniques. Cooked chickpeas maintained their quality and antioxidant capacity during 50 days of storage at 4 and -20 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Free and conjugated phenolic compounds could be hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes, increasing their bioaccessibility and their antioxidant capacity during each step of digestion. The majority compound in all samples was enterodiol, prevailing the flavonoid type in the rest of the identified compounds. Chickpea contains biological interest compounds with antioxidant potential suggesting that this legume can be exploited for various technologies.

Optimization of growing conditions for pigments production from microalga Navicula incerta using response surface methodology and its antioxidant capacity.

Navicula incerta is a marine microalga distributed in Baja California, México, commonly used in aquaculture nutrition, and has been extended to human food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high biological activity. Therefore, the study aimed to optimize culture conditions to produce antioxidant pigments. A central composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the best culture conditions. The medium (nitrogen-deficient concentrations), salinity (PSU = Practical Salinity Unity [g/kg]), age of culture (days), and solvent extraction (ethanol, methanol, and acetone) were the factors used for the experiment. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total carotenoids (T-Car), determined spectroscopically, were used as the response variables. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical inhibition, FRAP, and anti-hemolytic activity. According to the overlay plots, the optimum growth conditions for Chl a and T-Car production were the following conditions: medium = 0.44 mol·L-1 of NaNO3, salinity = 40 PSU, age of culture: 3.5 days, and solvent = methanol. The pigment extracts obtained in these optimized conditions had high antioxidant activity in ABTS•+ (86.2-92.1% of inhibition) and anti-hemolytic activity (81.8-96.7% of hemolysis inhibition). Low inhibition (33-35%) was observed in DPPH•. The highest value of FRAP (766.03 ± 16.62 µmol TE/g) was observed in the acetonic extract. The results demonstrated that RSM could obtain an extract with high antioxidant capacity with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, which encourages the use of natural resources for chemoprevention of chronic-degenerative pathologies.

Antioxidant, Antimutagenic and Cytoprotective Properties of Hydrosos Pistachio Nuts.

Pistachio nuts are included among the foods with the highest antioxidant capacity. Stressed cultivating conditions, such as the use of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), are expected to create a plant response that might increase the production of secondary metabolites. Fruits that are obtained under RDI treatments are commonly called hydroSOS products. The aim of this work was to study the influence of using different rootstocks (P. atlantica, P. integerrima, and P. terebinthus) and two RDI treatments on the antioxidant (ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH), antimutagenic (Ames test), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay in five human cell lines) activities of pistachios. P. terebinthus showed the best antioxidant activity, and the RDI treatments maintained and improved the antioxidant properties of pistachios. Neither the rootstock nor the RDI had significant impact on the antimutagenic potential of pistachios. The nut extracts had no toxic effect on non-cancerous cells and the application of RDI did not reduce their cytoprotective capacity. Furthermore, neither rootstock nor RDI treatments affected the ability of the pistachio extracts of preventing the oxidative damage by H2O2. The application of RDI strategies, in addition to allowing irrigation water saving, led to obtaining pistachios with the same or even better biofunctional characteristics as compared to fully irrigated pistachios.

Zein-polysaccharide nanoparticles as matrices for antioxidant compounds: A strategy for prevention of chronic degenerative diseases.

Oxidative Stress (OS) produces the formation of free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are intimately involved in many diseases, especially Chronic Degenerative Diseases (CDD) such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, among others. Thus, reactive compounds need to be quenched by antioxidants. The problems of these compounds include that they are susceptible to degradation, have low bioavailability, and can lose their bioactivity in the gastroIntestinal tract. Therefore, an alternative is encapsulation. Zein is a protein used in nanotechnology as a polymer matrix because it can encapsulate different compounds such as antioxidants to provide stability and control of the release. The disadvantage of zein as a delivery vehicle is that it is limited by the low stability of aggregation when suspended in water, in addition to the conditions of acid pH or that higher ionic strength tends to destabilize. To reduce these limitations, the incorporation of polysaccharides as a second polymer matrix can provide stability in zein nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss OS as a source of CDD, the role of antioxidants in the prevention of these diseases, and the preparation, characterization, and application of antioxidant-zein-polysaccharide particles as delivery systems as well as possible mechanisms to control CDD.

Antimutagenic Compounds of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Isolation and Structural Elucidation.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the main cause of mortality worldwide; thus, the search of chemopreventive compounds to prevent the disease has become a priority. White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been reported as a source of compounds with chemopreventive activities. In this study, shrimp lipids were extracted and then fractionated in order to isolate those compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity. The antimutagenic activity was assessed by the inhibition of the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1 on TA98 and TA100 Salmonella tester strains using the Ames test. Methanolic fraction was responsible for the highest antimutagenic activity (95.6 and 95.9% for TA98 and TA100, resp.) and was further separated into fifteen different subfractions (M1-M15). Fraction M8 exerted the highest inhibition of AFB1 mutation (96.5 and 101.6% for TA98 and TA100, resp.) and, after further fractionation, four subfractions M8a, M8b, M8c, and M8d were obtained. Data from (1)H and (13)C NMR, and mass spectrometry analysis of fraction M8a (the one with the highest antimutagenic activity), suggest that the compound responsible for its antimutagenicity is an apocarotenoid.

Efectos de una mezcla de estearina de palma y aceite de canola sobre los parámetros reológicos de la masa de trigo y características del pan / Effects of a palm stearin and canola oil mixture on the rheological parameters of wheat dough and bread / Efeitos de uma mistura de estearina de palma e óleo de canola sobre os parâmetros reológicos da massa de trigo e características do pão

Se estudiaron los efectos de la sustitución de manteca comercial por una mezcla de estearina de palma:aceite:canola 50:50, sobre las características reológicas de la masa de harina de trigo y del pan elaborado con esta masa. Se calcularon las correlaciones (r= 0,82; p<0,05) entre el trabajo de deformación (W) y la absorción de agua en el farinógrafo; y la absorción de agua y el volumen específico del pan (r= -0,55), el trabajo de deformación (W) y el volumen específico del pan (r= -0,54). Los resultados mostraron que la adición de grasa, disminuyó W, la resistencia al estiramiento (P) y la absorción de agua, y aumentó la estabilidad y el tiempo de mezclado. También se realizaron correlaciones entre el volumen del pan y la fuerza de compresión (textura) en el pan (r= -0,74). La mezcla estearina:canola 50:50 mostró un nivel mayor de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, sin la presencia de ácidos grasos trans, proporcionando propiedades reológicas similares a las de una masa elaborada con manteca comercial, sin presentar diferencias del volumen y textura del pan. El estudio muestra que la grasa elaborada con mezcla de estearina de palma y aceite de canola es una alternativa viable para sustituir a las mantecas comerciales convencionales.

The effects of the substitution of the commercial shortening for palm stearin and canola oil mixture on the rheological properties of a wheat dough and bread were studied. The correlation coefficients between alveograph deformation work (W) and water absorption (WA) on the farinograph (r= 0.82; p<0.05), between WA and the specific volume (r= -0.55), and between W and specific volume (r= -0.54) were determined. The data show that the addition of fat decreases W, stretch resistance (P), and WA, while it increased the stability and mixing time. The correlation between loaf volume and compression force (texture) of bread (r= -0.74) was also determined. The palm stearin: canola oil 50:50 mixture had a greater level of polyunsaturated fatty acid than commercial shortening without the presence of trans fatty acids, while providing similar rheological properties, without differences in loaf volume and bread texture. The study shows that the fat elaborated with the palm stearin:canola oil mixture is a viable alternative to replace the conventional commercial shortening.

Estudaram-se os efeitos da substituição de banha comercial por uma mistura de estearina de palma:óleo:canola 50:50, sobre as características reológicas da massa de farinha de trigo e do pão elaborado com esta massa. Calcularam-se as correlações (r= 0,82; p<0,05) entre o trabalho de deformação (W) e a absorção de água no farinógrafo; e a absorção de água e o volume específico do pão (r= -0,55), o trabalho de deformação (W) e o volume específico do pão (r= -0,54). Os resultados mostraram que a adição de gordura, diminuiu W, a resistência ao estiramento (P) e a absorção de água, e aumentou a estabilidade e o tempo de mistura. Também se realizaram correlações entre o volume do pão e a força de compressão (textura) no pão (r= -0,74). A mistura estearina:canola 50:50 mostrou um nível maior de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, sem a presença de ácidos graxos trans, proporcionando propriedades reológicas similares às de uma massa elaborada com banha comercial, sem apresentar diferenças no volume e textura do pão. O estudo mostra que a gordura elaborada com mistura de estearina de palma e óleo de canola é uma alternativa viável para substituir às banhas comerciais convencionais.