Reconstruction of Scalp Anterior Hairline with Tissue Expansion and Skin Flap.

Introduction: Cutaneous defects involving the frontal region and anterior hairline of the scalp can result from congenital or acquired conditions. The negative esthetic impact can cause disturbances in the psychic and social sphere of the patient, causing problems in interpersonal relationships and in the body image itself. The use of skin expanders is usually effective in this region due to the bone base providing support and stability for its use. Case Report: We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman submitted to reconstruction of the anterior hairline of the scalp due to scar sequelae after coronal rhytidoplasty followed by pustular erosive dermatosis. We used tissue expansion (50 mL of saline per week until it reached 300 mL) and advancement flap. Discussion/Conclusion: Scalp reconstruction also includes vascularized soft tissue coverage, acceptable cosmetic appearance, and minimal morbidity for the donor area. The correction of scalp scars must obey 2 basic principles: tissue similarity and natural capillary pattern (direction, angle, capillary growth, and proper capillary line design). Tissue expansion and skin flap techniques can successfully correct defects in extensive scarring alopecia such as in the presented case.

Acute telogen effluvium triad after resolution

Abstract Five cases of telogen effluvium undergoing resolution are shown, with the presence of frontal, bitemporal, and occipital hair regrowth. Diagnosing acute telogen effluvium after the end of the active phase can be challenging, especially when the pull test is negative. The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata and traction alopecia. Clinical signs of hair regrowth after telogen effluvium can help in the diagnosis. The frontal and temporal areas have more telogen hairs and are more affected. On the occipital area, hairs seem to have the same behavior. The acute telogen effluvium triad during resolution is proposed: frontal fringe, temporal recess and occipital fringe.

Anagen Effluvium after Therapeutic Scalp Surgery: Unreported Phenomenon.

INTRODUCTION: Many procedures are performed on the scalp, such as excision of pilar and sebaceous cysts, melanocytic nevi, and reduction surgery for scarring alopecia, among others. In hair transplants, telogen effluvium is often reported 3 months after surgery; however, hair loss usually happens much earlier, around second week after the procedure, not compatible with the time required for hair to enter telogen and exogenous phases in normal conditions. CASE REPORTS: We report 3 cases of anagen hair loss 4 weeks after surgeries, with perilesional trichoscopy suggesting anagen effluvium, with typical signs such as black dots and exclamation hairs. DISCUSSION: There are only a few reports about hair loss around operated areas. The cause of this postoperative anagen effluvium is probably a transient ischemia. CONCLUSION: The practical importance of this phenomenon is to properly orient patients because most of the hair will be lost, since 85% of them are anagens, and also will have spontaneous recovery in the next 3 months.

Efficacy of Minoxidil Combined With Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia. A Double-Blind Half-Head Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disorder that frequently affects the male population. Conventional treatment modalities are limited to minoxidil, 5α reductase inhibitors, and hair transplantation procedures. The efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, in the treatment of AGA has been reported, yet little is known about the outcomes of combining photobiomodulation with other conventional therapies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hair growth improvement in males with AGA, during the administration of minoxidil with and without photobiomodulation, using a half-head model. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one men with AGA agreed to undergo 12 minutes of low-level laser irradiation (using a modified Capellux®), followed by topical minoxidil application (1 ml of 5% solution), to the affected scalp two times per day for 6 months. The photobiomodulation devices were modified such that the left half emitted light, and the right half did not. Efficacy was assessed by blinded analyses of clinical photos and automated phototrichograms (Trichoscan®) taken before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. RESULTS: None of the study participants experienced any adverse events. All patients showed improvements in hair coverage on both sides of the scalp at 3 and 6 months. On the side with combined treatments, the number of total hairs was significantly increased after 3 (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P = 0.001). A similar increase was also observed on the minoxidil-only side, at both 3 (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were detected between sides (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Additional improvement was not observed with the association of photobiomodulation to topical minoxidil in male AGA. Differences from previous studies that might have influenced our result include non-collimated light source, higher dosimetry, and a cohort with darker skin phototype and more severe alopecia. Lasers Surg. Med. 2021. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Histopathological Findings of Uncomplicated Hair Transplant for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: Can Lichen Planopilaris Features Be Present?

INTRODUCTION: Insufficient hair growth after hair transplant, as well as erythema and perifollicular scaling, may be diagnosed as lichen planopilaris and treated as such based on clinical and histopathological findings. The purpose of this study is to observe graft biopsies of patients after uncomplicated hair transplants and to discuss if histological findings are enough to diagnose lichen planopilaris. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight patients diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia who were submitted to hair transplant were enrolled. In each of the participants, a scalp biopsy was performed in the receptor area and in the adjacent area. Biopsies were performed between 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Exams were analyzed by 3 pathologists. The t test was performed for paired observations, comparing the transplanted and the nontransplanted area for lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis. The significance level was considered as 5% (p < 0.05). Four of 8 participants had perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate, from moderate to dense intensity in the recipient area. Fibrosis was seen in 6 patients. These findings were not seen in the control area. CONCLUSIONS: It is questioned whether lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis may be expected in patients who are submitted to normal hair transplants.

Utilização da técnica da prega para diminuir a dor no microagulhamento do couro cabeludo: estudo comparativo / Use of the pinch technique to reduce the pain in scalp microneedling: a comparative study

Introdução: O microgulhamento vem sendo realizado em diversas áreas da Dermatologia, incluíndo o tratamento da alopecia androgenética. Porém, um dos seus maiores limitantes é a dor, que ocorre tanto com o uso de cilindros agulhados, como com aparelhos motorizados dotados de microagulhas. Objetivo: descrever uma nova técnica para minimizar a dor durante o microagulhamento do couro cabeludo. Métodos: estudo observacional, prospectivo e comparativo, do microagulhamento realizado com aparelho motorizado, utilizando ou não o pregueamento da pele da área a ser tratada, entre os dedos polegar e indicador da mão não dominante do cirurgião. Este procedimento teve a denominação pelos autores, de Técnica da Prega. A dor foi avaliada pelo paciente com base em escala visual analógica, e os dados submetidos ao teste t-Student, a fim de verificar a existência de diferença estatística entre os dados analisados. Resultados: foram tratados 14 pacientes portadores de alopecia androgenética, 13 homens e 1 mulher. Após análise dos dados sobre a dor referida pelos pacientes, observou-se que a média aritmética dos dados das áreas não submetidas à Técnica da Prega era mais alta do que a média dos dados das áreas submetidas à referida técnica. Conclusões: A técnica descrita mostrou-se eficaz na diminuição da dor durante o procedimento de microagulhamento do couro cabeludo, em consequência da alteração da percepção dolorosa pelo estímulo tátil, e pelo distanciamento das agulhas em relação à gálea que é ricamente inervada.

Introduction: Microneedling has been performed in several areas of Dermatology, including the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. However, one of its major limitations is pain, which occurs both with the use of rollers with multiple fine needles and with motorized devices equipped with microneedles. Objective: To describe a new technique aimed at minimizing pain during the microneedling in the scalp. Methods: An observational, prospective and comparative study of the microneedling effects was performed with a motorized device, with and without folding the skin by using the thumb and index finger of the surgeon's non-dominant hand. This procedure was termed "pinch technique" by the authors. The pain was assessed by the patient based on a visual analogue scale, and the data analyzed with the Student's t-test, in order to verify the existence of statistical difference between the data sets. Results: Fourteen patients bearers of androgenetic alopecia (13 men and 1 woman) were treated. The analysis of the data on the pain reported by the patients suggested that the arithmetic mean of the data obtained from the areas where the technique was not applied was greater than that obtained in areas where the technique was employed. Conclusions: The described technique was proven effective in reducing pain during the microneedling procedure. That outcome resulted from the alteration of the perception of pain due to the tactile stimulus and the increase in the distance of the needles regarding the galea, which is richly innervated.

Reconstrução do lábio inferior com retalhos de Karapandzic e Gilles após excisão de carcinoma espinocelular / Reconstruction of the lower lip using Karapandzic and Gilles flaps after the excision of squamous cell carcinoma

Carcinomas de células escamosas do lábio inferior representam 20-30% de todos os cânceres orais, que apresentam bom prognóstico quando diagnosticados precocemente. Metástases em lifonodos cervicais ocorrem em 5-20% dos casos. Relata-se caso de paciente do sexo feminino com lesão nódulo-ulcerada infiltrativa, acometendo um terço do lábio inferior. Os linfonodos analisados foram normais. Foram realizadas excisão da lesão e reconstrução labial utilizando técnica do retalho de Karapandzic à direita e Gilles à esquerda, e comissuroplastia em segundo tempo. Houve resultado aceitável cosmeticamente e boa recuperação na fala e deglutição. Não foram observadas recidivas ou metástases em dois anos de seguimento.

Squamous cell carcinomas located on the lower lip represent 20-30% of all oral cancers, and present good prognosis when diagnosed early. Cervical lymph node metastases occur in 5-20% of cases. The case of a female patient with a nodular-ulcerated infiltrating lesion affecting one-third of the lower lip is described. The examination of lymph nodes yielded normal results. The excision of the lesion was carried out and the labial reconstruction performed using a Karapandzic flap on the right side and a Gilles flap on the left, with a commissuroplasty carried out in a second operation. The procedure produced a cosmetically acceptable result, with good recovery in speech and swallowing. No recurrences or metastases were observed within tho years of follow-up.

Hiperceratose epidermolítica: um seguimento de 23 anos de uso de retinoides orais / Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: a follow-up of 23 years of use of systemic retinoids

A hiperceratose epidermolítica é uma forma de ictiose geralmente resistente a tratamentos tópicos. Relata-se um caso de paciente feminina , em acompanhamento na dermatologia desde 1978, com diagnóstico de hiperceratose epidermolítica. Foi tratada inicialmente com queratolíticos, vitamina A oral, ácido tartárico e emolientes tópicos, porém sem melhora no quadro clínico, já que não haviam disponíveis outros tratamentos na época. Em 1986, com o advento dos retinóides orais, foi introduzido o etretinato, e em 1998, foi substituído pelo acitretin, apresentando excelente resposta terapêutica. No momento a paciente está em uso de acitretin 25 mg/dia, completando 23 anos de uso de retinóides orais, com mínimos efeitos adversos e melhora significativa na qualidade de vida.

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a form of ichthyosis normally resistant to topical treatments. Female patient monitored since 1978 diagnosed with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Clinical examination showed generalized hyperkeratosis and scaling. Given that no other treatments were available at the time, the patient was initially treated with keratolytic, systemic vitamin A and moisturizers, with no improvement. In 1986, with the development of oral retinoids, etretinate was introduced. In 1998 this was replaced by acitretin. The patient is receiving 25 mg/day after 23 years of using oral retinoids. Significant improvement of the condition and patient's quality of life has been noted.

Queloides em orelhas: seguimento de 41 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia e infiltração com corticosteróides / Keloids in the ears: follow-up of 41 patients who had surgery and intralesional corticosteroid injections

Introdução: A cirurgia associada a infiltrações pós-operatórias de corticosteroides é considerada boa opção terapêutica no tratamento de queloides de orelha, mas o índice de recidivas ainda não é bem estabelecido. Não há consenso sobre o número mínimo de infiltrações de corticosteroides necessárias para que haja diminuição das recorrências.Objetivos: Avaliar índice de recidiva entre pacientes submetidos à cirurgia e infiltrações de corticosteroides para tratamento de queloides em lóbulo de orelha, relacionando com o número de infiltrações realizadas no pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 41 pacientes submetidos à excisão cirúrgica de queloides de orelha e a sessões de infiltração com acetonido de triancinolona. Foram analisados dois grupos:A: Submetidos a até duas sessões de infiltração. B: submetidos a três ou mais infiltrações.Resultados: O índice de recidiva total foi de 37%, sendo 13% nos pacientes no grupo A, e 24% nos do B.Resultados não mostraram mais efetividade quando o número de infiltrações é igual ou superior a 3. P=0,74.Conclusões: Não houve significância estatística quando comparado o número de IC no pós-operatório de queloides de orelha. São necessários estudos mais amplos que corroborem tais resultados.

Uso do teste ML-Flow como auxiliar na classificação e tratamento da hanseníase / Use of the ML-Flow test as a tool in classifying and treating leprosy

FUNDAMENTOS: O tratamento da hanseníase é definido pela classificação de pacientes em paucibacilares (PB) e multibacilares (MB). A OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) classifica os doentes de acordo com o número de lesões, mas Ridley-Jopling (R&J) utiliza também exames complementares, porém é de difícil utilização fora dos serviços de referência. Em 2003 foi desenvolvido um teste denominado ML-Flow, uma alternativa à sorologia por ELISA para auxiliar na classificação de pacientes em PB e MB e auxiliar na decisão terapêutica. OBJETIVOS: Observar a concordância entre o teste de ML-Flow e baciloscopia de linfa, exame já consagrado para detecção de MB. Analisar a utilidade do teste de ML-Flow em campo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo avaliando prontuário de 55 pacientes virgens de tratamento, diagnosticados como PB ou MB por R&J. Submetidos à baciloscopia e ao teste de ML-Flow. RESULTADOS: Nos MB, a baciloscopia foi positiva em 80 por cento dos casos, o ML-flow foi positivo em 82,5 por cento. Entre os PB, o ML-Flow foi positivo em 37,5 por cento e a baciloscopia do esfregaço foi negativa em 100 por cento dos casos. A concordância entre os resultados da baciloscopia do esfregaço e ML-Flow foi de 87,5 por cento, kappa=0,59, p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhum teste laboratorial é 100 por cento sensível e específico para a correta classificação de todas as formas de hanseníase. O ML-Flow é um teste rápido, de fácil manuseio em campo, menos invasivo que a baciloscopia podendo ser útil para auxiliar na decisão terapêutica em locais de difícil acesso a serviços de referência.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of leprosy is defined by the classification of patients as paucibacillary (PB) or multibacillary (MB). The WHO (World Health Organization) classifies patients according to the number of lesions, but Ridley-Jopling (R & J) also uses complementary exams, which are difficult to use outside reference services. In 2003, a test called ML-Flow, an alternative to Elisa serology, was developed to help classify patients as PB or MB and decide about their treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the agreement between the ML-Flow test and slit skin smears, already largely used for MB detection, and to observe the efficacy of the ML-Flow test in the field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study evaluating the medical records of 55 patients who had not undergone previous treatment, diagnosed as PB or MB according to R & J and subjected to slit skin smears and the ML- Flow test. RESULTS: In MB patients, slit skin smears were positive in 80 percent of the cases, the ML-flow was positive in 82.5 percent. Among PB patients, the ML-Flow was positive in 37.5 percent and slit skin smears were negative in 100 percent of the cases. The agreement between skin smear and ML-Flow results was 87.5 percent, with a kappa value of 0.59, p <0.001. CONCLUSION: No laboratory test is 100 percent sensitive and specific for the correct classification of all forms of leprosy. The ML-Flow test is faster, easier to use, and less invasive than slit skin smears and therefore may be useful when making therapeutic decisions in areas of difficult access to reference services.

Avaliação do grau de incapacidade dos pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase em serviço de dermatologia do estado de São Paulo / Evaluation of the degree of incapacity of patients with a diagnosis of leprosy at a dermatology service in the state of São Paulo

INTRODUÇÃO: Hanseníase é doença infecciosa crônica que pode levar a incapacidade física. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se 167 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase, no período de 2003 a 2007, para investigação do grau de incapacidade no momento do diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: A maioria (60 por cento) dos pacientes apresentava incapacidade física no momento do diagnóstico; 34 por cento grau I e 26 por cento grau II. Observou-se que há relação direta entre a duração da doença e o grau de incapacidade. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico da hanseníase ainda é tardio e isto pode contribuir para a manutenção da endemia.

IINTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that can lead to physical incapacity. METHODS: The medical records of 167 patients diagnosed with leprosy between 2003 and 2007 were reviewed. RESULTS: Most of the patients (60 percent) presented physical incapacity at the time of diagnosis: 34 percent with grade I and 26 percent with grade II. It was observed that the degree of incapacity had a direct correlation with the duration of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy is still diagnosed late, which may contribute towards maintaining this endemic disease.

Cicatrização por segunda intenção de asa nasal: revisando antigos conceitos / Healing by secondary intention of the nasal ala: reviewing old concepts

A necessidade de correção cirúrgica de grandes defeitos na asa nasal é frequente. Diversas são as técnicas de reconstrução, que, de maneira geral, são complexas, exigindo maior conhecimento técnico e nem sempre atingindo o resultado estético desejado. Os autores discutem as indicações e a praticidade, além dos bons resultados estéticos da cicatrização por segunda intenção em grandes defeitos na asa nasal.

Surgical repair of large defects in nasal ala is often needed. There are several reconstruction techniques, which in general are complex, require greater technical knowledge, and not always reach the desired aesthetic result. The authors discuss the indications and practicality, in addition to good cosmetic results of healing by secondary intention of large defects in nasal ala.