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Background: Inflammatory markers play a substantial role in the prognosis of breast cancer (BC). Studies have been conducted, evaluating the effect of yoga intervention (YI) on inflammatory biomarkers among BC cases. This systematic review consolidates the outcome of YI in the cancer microenvironment. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of YI in the cancer microenvironment among BC women. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were experimental studies on adult BC cases with isolated YI. Studies conducted among paediatrics, case reports and case series were excluded from the study. Medline (PubMed), Medline (Ovid), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Central databases were searched. The data were restricted from January 2000 to December 2021 with studies published in English. 'The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool' was mobilised to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Results: A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised a sample size of 905 BC cases with a mean age of 50.26±8.27 years. Three studies evaluated tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6, where two studies on TNF-α and one on IL-6 favoured the YI group. A study investigated soluble TNF receptor II (TNF-RII) and another on IL-1beta (IL-1ß) has shown improved levels post-YI. A downward trend of cortisol levels was noted in four out of five studies. Two studies that examined the C-reactive protein and a study on IL-8 did not show any difference between the YI and the control groups. Conclusion: This review's findings showed the downregulation of cortisol, markers of inflammation; TNF-α, IL-6, TNF-RII and IL-1ß immediately to post-YI. Heterogeneities in terms of YIs, number of days of practice, duration and training received and the grade of BC cases are the concern of this review. However, YI can be considered a supportive therapy for BC.
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The comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of breast cancer exosomes revealed that HSP90AA1, CCT2, and ENO1 were novel hub genes in the giant protein-protein interaction network of 110 exosomal proteins. Exosomes and their cargo such as discrete proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are having potential role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer (BC). This study showed that the identified hub genes were particularly abundant in GO and KEGG pathways relevant to the positive regulation of telomerase. In addition, these hub genes were found to be considerably overexpressed in breast adenocarcinoma patients compared to healthy controls, and further, this overexpression is linked to the poor prognosis in BC patients. Furthermore, the ROC analysis revealed that CCT2 gene has strong diagnostic and prognostic value for BC. Additionally, this in silico analysis found that the anticancer agents and HSP90 inhibitors such as ganetespib, retaspimycin, and tanespimycin would have considerable potential in the treatment of BC. Overall, this study findings imply that HSP90AA1, a molecular chaperon and CCT2, a chaperonin would serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, respectively, for BC. However, these findings need to be further confirmed by laboratory and clinical studies for validating their potential applications. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03422-w.
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Antibiotics have been traditionally prescribed for any open head and neck surgery. With classification of wound and wound contamination and various published guidelines the practice is still widely prevalent. Thyroidectomy being a clean surgery does not warrant the use of antibiotics at all. We performed an interventional prospective study to see the occurrence of wound infection in patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis as compared to those who did not. A total of 71 patients were recruited in the study who were randomly divided into two groups, one received antibiotic prophylaxis and other did not. Both the groups did not show any marked change in the incidence of wound infection hence highlighting the unnecessary use of prophylactic antibiotics in thyroid surgeries.