Protection of CCl4-Induced Liver and Kidney Damage by Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Extracts of Cnestis ferruginea (de Candolle).

BACKGROUND: The chemoprevention of chemically-induced hepatotoxicity is a crucial means of minimizing susceptibility to hepatic carcinogenesis and plants remain a rich source of anti-hepatotoxicants with antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE: The protective role of defatted-methanol (MECF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EF), obtained from Leaves of Cnestis ferruginea in rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered MECF or EF (125 - 500 mg/kg bwt/5mL) or silymarin (25 mg/kg bwt/5 mL) separately for three days before intervention with an intraperitoneal dose of CCl4. Biomarkers of liver and kidney toxicity as well as Ca(2+) regulation were evaluated. RESULTS: Pre-treatment with MECF and EF significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the activities of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, levels of urea, creatinine and cholesterol. A significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced Ca(2+) -ATPase activity and lowered levels of membrane cholesterol: Phospholipid ratio were observed in liver microsomes of pre-treated as compared to CCl4 -only treated rats. Rat liver superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced by 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of EF and MECF, while decreases were observed at 500 mg/kg. MECF and EF, like silymarin, attenuated CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity, microsomal membrane Ca(2+) -ATPase inactivation and renal dysfunction. Phytochemistry of MECF revealed the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac and flavone glycosides, tannins and trihydroxyl phenol. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the mechanism of hepatoprotection elicited by MECF and EF, involve its antioxidative properties and regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis.

Mucocele of the appendix: an unusual cause of disturbed bowel habits.

There are many causes of disturbed bowel habits. In this rare case of mucocele of appendix, patient presented with disturbed bowel habits of increased frequency, urgency and semisolid stool. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed fusiform cyst just below umbilicus. Differential diagnoses included mesenteric cyst, duplication cyst and mucocele of appendix. Coronal and saggital reformats of CT abdomen confirmed its origin from ceacum. Its tip was in contact with sigmoid colon. Surgical resection was carried out and histopathology revealed mucinous cyst adenoma.

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries in kashmir valley.

Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest operations performed throughout the world and bile duct injury is the worst complication of this procedure. In a prospective and retrospective study 25 patients were seen in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 10 years. 72% of patients were referred from other hospitals. 48% of patients presented within one month of injury. Pain was the commonest presentation (92%) followed by jaundice (80%). Liver functions were deranged in 70% of patients, USG revealed biliary dilatation in 69.6% of patients. ERCP was done in 16 patients and revealed cut off of the common hepatic duct in 43.8% of patients. Intraoperative findings revealed adhesions in 96% of patients. 48% of patients had bile duct stricture. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was the commonest procedure performed. All patients showed improvement in liver function after surgery. Wound infection was the commonest complication seen in 32% patients. 3 patients died in our series.

Popliteal artery embolism by Ascaris lumbricoides: a case report.

Arterial occlusive diseases are highly prevalent and constitute the leading overall cause of death. Adverse events are due to the effects of impaired circulation on critical end organs, namely the brain, heart, abdominal viscera or extremities. Acute thromboembolism remains a major surgical challenge. Even with optimal surgical management, acute lower extremity ischemia resulting from thromboembolic ds continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of thromboembolism of the left popliteal artery by an Ascaris worm in a patient with oriental cholangiohepatitis.