Pathologic and flow cytometric features of a case of canine ventral cervical lymphangiosarcoma.

An 11-y-old spayed female German Shepherd was presented for a second opinion of ventral cervical swelling of 3-mo duration. On examination, the dog had significant dependent ventral cervical swelling. Enlarged lymph nodes with cystic changes and severe edematous facial swelling were noted on computed tomography. Fine-needle aspiration of the ventral cervical swelling revealed yellow-tinged fluid, with a predominance of lymphoid cells noted on cytologic examination. On cervical exploratory surgery, the left mandibular lymph node was surrounded by a large fluid pocket; biopsies of the lymph node were obtained. Impression smear cytology, flow cytometry, PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements, and histopathology were performed on samples from the left mandibular lymph node. Impression smear cytology revealed a population of atypical discrete cells. Flow cytometry identified a population of CD34+/CD45- large cells. A tumor of endothelial origin within the medulla of the lymph node was identified by histopathology, and lymphangiosarcoma was confirmed based on prospero-related homeobox gene 1 (PROX1) immunoreactivity. Our study describes the challenges in the diagnosis of a rarely reported entity and highlights that neoplastic endothelial cells should be considered as a differential when high proportions of CD34+/CD45- cells are present in flow cytometry.

Partial splenectomy for incidentally detected non-ruptured splenic lesions in dogs: 18 cases (2004-2018).

The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the outcome and incidence of splenic malignancy in 18 dogs undergoing partial splenectomy for incidentally detected, non-ruptured splenic lesions. Incidence of splenic malignancy in the present study was 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14% to 27.65%]. Median diameter of splenic nodules was 2 cm (range: 1.5 to 4 cm). Splenic hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 1 dog, while the remaining 17 dogs had benign splenic lesions. There was a higher incidence of non-splenic malignancy (50%) than splenic malignancy (5.6%) in the study population. Overall median survival time after surgery was 300 days (range: 4 to 1332 days). Median survival time in dogs with malignant disease (splenic and non-splenic) was 67 days (range: 4 to 425 days) and for non-malignant disease was 727 days (range: 8 to 1332 days). In conclusion, partial splenectomy may be appropriate for small, incidental non-ruptured splenic lesions in dogs.

Splénectomie partielle pour des lésions spléniques non-rupturées détectées de manière fortuite chez des chiens : 18 cas (2004­2018). L'objectif de cette étude rétrospective était de décrire l'issue et la fréquence de malignité splénique chez 18 chiens soumis à une splénectomie partielle pour des lésions spléniques non-rupturées détectées de manière fortuite. La fréquence de malignité splénique dans la présente étude était de 5,6 % [intervalle de confiance de 95 % (CI) : 0,14 % à 27,65 %]. Le diamètre médian des nodules spléniques était de 2 cm (écart : 1,5 à 4 cm). Un hémangiosarcome splénique fut diagnostiqué chez un chien, alors que les 17 autres chiens avaient des lésions spléniques bénignes. Il y avait une plus grande fréquence de malignité non-splénique (50 %) que de malignité splénique (5,6 %) dans la population étudiée. Globalement, le temps de survie médian après la chirurgie était de 300 jours (écart : 4 à 1332 jours). Le temps de survie médian chez les chiens avec une condition maligne (splénique et non-splénique) était de 67 jours (écart : 4 à 425 jours) et pour ceux avec une condition non-maligne il était de 727 jours (écart : 8 à 1332 jours). En conclusion, une splénectomie partielle peut être appropriée pour des petites lésions spléniques secondaires non-rupturées.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

The effect of experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus on adenosine triphosphate content and conductance of the canine gastric and jejunal mucosa.

The objective of this study was to determine if experimental gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) would decrease adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and increase membrane conductance of the canine gastric and jejunal mucosa. Male dogs (n = 15) weighing between 20 and 30 kg were used. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equal groups: Group 1 was control, group 2 was GDV, and group 3 was ischemia. All dogs were anesthetized for 210 min. Group 1 had no manipulation. Group 2 had GDV experimentally induced for 120 min followed by decompression, derotation, and reperfusion for 90 min. Group 3 had GDV experimentally induced for 210 min. Gastric (fundus and pylorus) and jejunal tissue was taken at 0, 120, and 210 min from all of the dogs. Tissue was analyzed for ATP concentration, mucosal conductance, and microscopic changes. The ATP concentration in the fundus did not change significantly from baseline in group 2, but decreased significantly below baseline at 210 min in group 3. The ATP concentration in the jejunum decreased significantly below baseline in groups 2 and 3 at 120 min, remaining significantly decreased in group 3 but returning to baseline at 210 min in group 2. Mucosal conductance of the fundus did not change significantly in any dog. Mucosal conductance of the jejunum increased at 120 min in groups 2 and 3, and became significantly increased above baseline at 210 min. The jejunal mucosa showed more profound cellular changes than the gastric mucosa. The jejunum showed substantial decreases in ATP concentration with an increase in mucosal conductance, suggesting cell membrane dysfunction. Dogs sustaining a GDV are likely to have a change in the activity of mucosal cells in the jejunum, which may be important in the pathophysiology of GDV.

The use of a low-profile cystostomy tube to relieve urethral obstruction in a dog.

A 10-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian was diagnosed with granulomatous urethritis causing urethral obstruction. Due to the extensive involvement of the urethra, a urethrostomy was not possible. A commercially available, silicone, low-profile gastrostomy tube was placed as a prepubic cystostomy tube to achieve urinary diversion. This tube is easy to use, has a one-way valve, and lies flush with the skin margin, thereby decreasing the likelihood of inadvertent removal. This tube should be considered to achieve long-term urinary diversion when urethral involvement is extensive.