Microbial community reshaped in gastric cancer.

Patients with gastric cancer harbor distinct microbiota in the stomach. It features with lowered biodiversity, discrete structure, and varied composition. Some bacteria from gastric microbiota are potentially carcinogenic as they are enriched or depleted in gastric cancer. Distinct profile of microbial community in gastric cancer is possibly resulted from altered caused by pathophysiological and environmental factors. H. pylori is a carcinogen colonizing the human stomach. Although persisting for decades, it rarely causes compositional alteration of microbiota. Secretion of acid decreases gradually during the carcinogenic process. Increased pH results in overgrowth of bacteria in gastric fluid. The abundance of a particular taxon, but not the profile of microbiota, is altered in proton pump inhibitor users. Compositions of microbiota vary substantially between individuals, which may account for differential cancer risk. It has been demonstrated that genetic variations contribute to inter-individual variations in gut microbiota. However, their influence on the composition of gastric microbiota requires further exploration. Currently, it appears disrupted homeostasis and inter-individual variations of gastric microbiota are involved in cancer development. Clarifying factors responsible for these changes would reveal how microbiota induces carcinogenesis, benefiting the prevention of gastric cancer.

[Degree of fibrosis of adenomyotic myometrium and its relationship with dysmenorrhea].

Objective: To investigate degrees of fibrosis of adenomyosis (AM) myometrium and explore its relationship with dysmenorrhea. Methods: Thirty AM patients who had hysterectomy from July, 2015 to December, 2016 in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were selected as AM group; 28 cases of hysterectomy due to cervical lesions (none AM) were selected as control group. The area ratio of collagen fiber in the two groups was analysed by modified Masson stain, and the expression of collagen type Ⅰprotein in the two groups was analysed by immunohistochemical method. Results: (1) The degree of fibrosis:the area ratio of collagen fiber and the expression of collagen type Ⅰof AM group [(34.5±5.1)%, 0.23±0.06] were significantly higher than those of control group [(26.7±10.1)%,0.18±0.08; all P<0.05]. (2) The relationship between the degree of fibrosis and dysmenorrhea: the area ratio of collagen fiber and the expression of collagen type Ⅰ in severe dysmenorrhea, moderate dysmenorrhea, and none-mild dysmenorrhea were (35.3±4.3) %, 0.25±0.05; (35.7±3.2) %, 0.26±0.06; (25.0±2.9) %, 0.15±0.03, there were significantly different among them (all P<0.01) . And the area ratio of collagen fiber, the expression of collagen typeⅠwere positively correlated with the degree of dysmenorrhea (r=0.50, 0.50; all P<0.05) . Conclusions: The area ratio of collagen fiber and the expression of collagen type Ⅰ in AM are higher than in control group, and positively correlated with the severity of dysmenorrhea. These results suggest the degrees of fibrosis might be correlated with dysmenorrhea.