Ferroptosis: The Entanglement between Traditional Drugs and Nanodrugs in Tumor Therapy.

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic programmed cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxide. System Xc-/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis and iron axis are two main pathways regulating ferroptosis. Simultaneously, multiple pathways are also involved in the ferroptosis regulation. Ferroptosis is an intense area of the current study. With the improvement of the regulatory mechanisms that underlie ferroptosis, a variety of drugs associated with ferroptosis have been discovered and developed for cancer therapy. Among them, traditional drugs were developed initially. Small molecule compounds that regulate ferroptosis signaling pathway and iron complexes that promote the Fenton reaction have become important drugs for inducing ferroptosis. In recent years, the emerging development of nanotechnology has promoted the research of ferroptosis nanodrugs. Iron-based nanomaterials are extensively tested as ferroptosis-inducing agents. Furthermore, nanoscale drug delivery systems offer a suitable scaffold for traditional drug therapies. Traditional drugs and nanodrugs are complementary, each with their own strengths and limitations. This review describes the latest studies on the regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells and focuses on the entanglement between traditional drugs and nanodrugs. To conclude, the challenges and perspectives in this field are put forward.

Expression of RAD51 and Its Clinical Impact in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To examine the expression of RAD51 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze its connection with pathological grade, clinical stage, and lymphatic metastasis potential. METHODS: For this study, 74 OSCC samples, 15 normal mucosa tissues, and 11 normal skin tissue samples were collected. RAD51 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry. A follow-up visit was used to assess the prognosis of each patient. We compared RAD51 expression in oral mucosa epithelial cells (OMECs), keratinocytes, and tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (TSCCs) by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: RAD51 expression was higher in tumor cells than in normal mucosal tissues. In addition, RAD51 expression was associated with higher tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Also, RAD51 expression was higher (P < 0.05). Also, RAD51 expression was higher (P < 0.05). Also, RAD51 expression was higher (. CONCLUSION: A strong positive correlation was found between RAD51 expression and the degree of malignancy in OSCC patients, suggesting that RAD51 could be an excellent prognostic indicator for OSCC patients.

Flapless immediate implant placement into fresh molar extraction socket using platelet-rich fibrin: A case report.

BACKGROUND: There are some challenges concerning immediate implant placement in the molar region. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous biomaterial, has been used widely for periodontal intra-bony defects, sinus augmentation, socket preservation, and gingival recession. However, the literature remains scarce for reports on immediate implants with PRF, particularly in the case of fresh molar extraction socket. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a 43-year-old woman with maxillary molar vertical crown-root fracture. She underwent flapless immediate implant placement into the fresh molar socket with PRF. At the follow-up visit 15 d post procedure, the vascularization of soft tissue was visible. There was no swelling or pain after the surgery. Six months postoperatively, the regeneration of bone and soft tissues was visible. Subsequently, the definitive restoration was placed. The patient was satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes. CONCLUSION: The flapless immediate implant placement into the fresh molar socket with PRF is a feasible procedure. This case report demonstrates that PRF promotes bone and soft tissue regeneration apart from having an enhanced anti-inflammatory ability. Furthermore, the procedure involves a minimally invasive technique, thus reducing the surgical complexity.

Tissue preservation through socket-shield technique and platelet-rich fibrin in immediate implant placement: A case report.

RATIONALE: In this report, a combination of socket-shield technique (SST) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) technique was used for immediate implant placement on a fractured central incisor. During the follow-up visit, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and clinical observation were used to evaluate the preservation outcome of peri-implant bone and gingiva. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a 28-year-old healthy female patient who desired her fractured 21 to be replaced with an implant-supported single crown; the fractured 21 comprised a post-core crown with insufficient residual bone at the labial site. DIAGNOSIS: The root of 21 exhibited a complex root fracture; the labial portion of the alveolar ridge was thin (<1 mm) and partial ankylosis of the residual root was observed. INTERVENTIONS: Modified SST was applied to the labial portion of the residual root. The implant was placed immediately at the lingual site of the retained socket-shield root fragment; PRF was the placed in the gap between the root fragment and the implant. Final prosthodontic treatment was performed at 24 weeks after implant placement. OUTCOMES: Clinical examination and CBCT scanning at various follow-up visits time showed that the periodontal tissue was well- preserved. At 6 months after surgery, the average horizontal and vertical peri-implant bone resorption was 0.4 mm; a follow-up visit at 18 months post-loading indicated that peri-implant tissue was well preserved by the shield-technique and no significant peri-implant tissue resorption was displayed. LESSON SUBSECTIONS: In cases of anterior teeth with intact but insufficient residual alveolar ridge, the SST with PRF may be effective for preservation and maintenance of stable peri-implant tissue.