Erratum: Measurement of Body-Centered-Cubic Aluminum at 475 GPa [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 175702 (2017)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.175702.

Measurement of Body-Centered-Cubic Aluminum at 475 GPa.

Nanosecond in situ x-ray diffraction and simultaneous velocimetry measurements were used to determine the crystal structure and pressure, respectively, of ramp-compressed aluminum at stress states between 111 and 475 GPa. The solid-solid Al phase transformations, fcc-hcp and hcp-bcc, are observed at 216±9 and 321±12 GPa, respectively, with the bcc phase persisting to 475 GPa. The high-pressure crystallographic texture of the hcp and bcc phases suggests close-packed or nearly close-packed lattice planes remain parallel through both transformations.

Solid iron compressed up to 560 GPa.

Dynamic compression by multiple shocks is used to compress iron up to 560 GPa (5.6 Mbar), the highest solid-state pressure yet attained for iron in the laboratory. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy offers simultaneous density, temperature, and local-structure measurements for the compressed iron. The data show that the close-packed structure of iron is stable up to 560 GPa, the temperature at peak compression is significantly higher than expected from pure compressive work, and the dynamic strength of iron is many times greater than the static strength based on lower pressure data. The results provide the first constraint on the melting line of iron above 400 GPa.

EXAFS measurement of iron bcc-to-hcp phase transformation in nanosecond-laser shocks.

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements have demonstrated the phase transformation from body-centered-cubic (bcc) to hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) iron due to nanosecond, laser-generated shocks. The EXAFS spectra are also used to determine the compression and temperature in the shocked iron, which are consistent with hydrodynamic simulations and with the compression inferred from velocity interferometry. This is a direct, atomic-level, and in situ proof of shock-induced transformation in iron, as opposed to the previous indirect proof based on shock-wave splitting.

Direct observation of the alpha-epsilon transition in shock-compressed iron via nanosecond x-ray diffraction.

In situ x-ray diffraction studies of iron under shock conditions confirm unambiguously a phase change from the bcc (alpha) to hcp (epsilon) structure. Previous identification of this transition in shock-loaded iron has been inferred from the correlation between shock-wave-profile analyses and static high-pressure x-ray measurements. This correlation is intrinsically limited because dynamic loading can markedly affect the structural modifications of solids. The in situ measurements are consistent with a uniaxial collapse along the [001] direction and shuffling of alternate (110) planes of atoms, and are in good agreement with large-scale nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.

[Surgical therapy of regional lymph nodes in cancers of the lower lip]. / Operative Therapie der regionären Lymphknoten bei Unterlippenkarzinomen.

Based on a retrospective follow-up study of patients with lower-lip carcinoma from 1968 to 1980, the incidence of metastases of such lesions was broken down according to tumor classification, and the survival rates for these patients were computed. In the total group of 89 patients with primary surgical treatment of the tumor and lymph nodes, 17 (19.1%) were found to have metastases. Among these tumors, 5 were classified as T1, 10 as T2, and 2 as T3. Analysis of the survival rate yielded the following results. To date, there has been no recurrence in any of the patients who underwent suprahyoid lymph-node removal with no histological evidence of lymph-node metastases. Of the 17 patients in whom histological lymph-node metastases were identified in the submandibular region following primary suprahyoid neck dissection, 64.7% showed no evidence of disease for 5 years on average, and all are still alive. In contrast, 90% of the patients died in whom the primary tumor was just treated locally and who did not undergo radical removal of the suprahyoid lymph-node until secondary metastases had occurred. In the light of our experience, suprahyoid lymph-node removal appears to be indicated as part of the primary treatment of lower-lip carcinoma, independent of the prevailing tumor stage. This may not apply to tumors that are clearly less than 1 cm in size.

The versatility of modern therapy in mid-facial trauma.

Modern trends in the therapy of mid-facial trauma, which include the use of miniplates, wire osteosynthesis, and suspension wiring, bone transplantation from the contra-lateral canine fossa for orbital floor reconstruction, as well as the use of lyophilised dura placed over bony defects, are briefly discussed. The versatility of the combined techniques used in therapy has been illustrated by a case.