Osteoblast-specific deletion of Hrpt2/Cdc73 results in high bone mass and increased bone turnover.

Inactivating mutations that lead to loss of heterozygosity within the HRPT2/Cdc73 gene are directly linked to the development of primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenomas, and ossifying fibromas of the jaw (HPT-JT). The protein product of the Cdc73 gene, parafibromin, is a core member of the polymerase-associated factors (PAF) complex, which coordinates epigenetic modifiers and transcriptional machinery to control gene expression. We conditionally deleted Cdc73 within mesenchymal progenitors or within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes to determine the consequences of parafibromin loss within the mesenchymal lineage. Homozygous deletion of Cdc73 via the Dermo1-Cre driver resulted in embryos which lacked mesenchymal organ development of internal organs, including the heart and fetal liver. Immunohistochemical detection of cleaved caspase-3 revealed extensive apoptosis within the progenitor pools of developing organs. Unexpectedly, when Cdc73 was homozygously deleted within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (via the Ocn-Cre driver), the mice had a normal life span but increased cortical and trabecular bone. OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox bones displayed large cortical pores actively undergoing bone remodeling. Additionally the cortical bone of OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox femurs contained osteocytes with marked amounts of cytoplasmic RNA and a high rate of apoptosis. Transcriptional analysis via RNA-seq within OCN-Cre;Cdc73flox/flox osteoblasts showed that loss of Cdc73 led to a derepression of osteoblast-specific genes, specifically those for collagen and other bone matrix proteins. These results aid in our understanding of the role parafibromin plays within transcriptional regulation, terminal differentiation, and bone homeostasis.

Use of Primary Calvarial Osteoblasts to Evaluate the Function of Wnt Signaling in Osteogenesis.

In vitro culture and genetic manipulation of primary calvarial cell cultures is a convenient and robust system to investigate gene function in osteoblast differentiation. We have used this system to study the functions of many genes in the Wnt signaling pathway within osteoblasts. Here, we describe a detailed protocol outlining the establishment and characterization of primary calvarial cells from mice carrying a conditionally inactivatable allele of the Wntless (Wls) gene (Wls (flox/flox)). We previously used this approach to delete the Wntless gene by infecting with a Cre-expressing adenovirus, and to evaluate the effects of Wnt signaling loss on osteogenic potential in osteogenic medium with ascorbic acid. This detailed protocol is adaptable to use with any floxed allele.