RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The relative effects of growth hormone (GH) on GH-deficient (GHD) children with and without severely delayed skeletal maturation prior to treatment are unclear. METHODS: Pre-pubertal GHD children enrolled in the National Cooperative Growth Study were divided into two groups: severe pretreatment BA delay (BA Z-score =-2, group 1) and mild to moderate delay (BA Z-score between -2 and 0, group 2). BA Z-scores (BAZ), height Z-scores and predicted adult height (PAH) Z-scores at pubertal onset were determined after initiation of recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. RESULTS: Height Z-scores increased from baseline to the start of puberty in both groups (group 1: mean difference of +0.99, males and +1.02, females; group 2: +0.68, males and +0.75, females). Mean BAZ also increased in all group 1 children (+1.62, males and +1.08, females) with no corresponding change in mean BAZ in group 2. PAH Z-scores increased in both groups. There was no evidence of undue advance in BA since mean BAZ remained well below zero in group 1 and was unchanged in group 2. CONCLUSION: rhGH has a beneficial effect on growth in prepubertal GHD children at all levels of pretreatment BA delay.
Asunto(s)
Estatura/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Crecimiento/fisiopatología , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/deficiencia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/uso terapéutico , Hipopituitarismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Desarrollo de Músculos , Músculo Esquelético/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adulto , Determinación de la Edad por el Esqueleto , Niño , Femenino , Hormona del Crecimiento/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/fisiopatología , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Pubertad , Análisis de Regresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To document the association of neurohypophyseal dysgenesis with hypopituitarism in a child with primary bilateral anophthalmia. METHODS: An infant with bilateral anophthalmia underwent magnetic resonance imaging and endocrinologic evaluation. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging showed dysgenesis confined to the hypothalamus and hypophyseal stalk. Endocrinologic testing showed low serum cortisol and pituitary gonadotropin levels. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging can help predict which children with anophthalmia will have endocrinologic deficiencies.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Anoftalmos/genética , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/anomalías , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/patología , Hormonas Hipofisarias/deficiencia , Anomalías Múltiples/sangre , Anoftalmos/sangre , Gonadotropinas Hipofisarias/sangre , Gonadotropinas Hipofisarias/deficiencia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hidrocortisona/deficiencia , Hipopituitarismo/sangre , Hipopituitarismo/genética , Recién Nacido , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Hormonas Hipofisarias/sangreAsunto(s)
Clorpropamida/envenenamiento , Hipoglucemia/inducido químicamente , Hipoglucemiantes/envenenamiento , Obesidad/complicaciones , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoglucemia/complicaciones , Insulinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Recurrencia , Convulsiones/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in children and to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of pediatric patients who underwent assessment for possible GH deficiency during a 6-year period and correlated clinical variables, stimulated GH responses, and MRI findings. RESULTS: Of 100 children who failed outpatient GH screening tests, 14 were classified as at risk for hypothalamic pituitary defects, and 86 were considered not at risk, having short stature only. Patients were further stratified by age, sex, growth variables, maximal GH response to provocative testing, and MRI findings. A significant relationship existed between the presence of risk factors, maximal GH of <5 mg/L, and sellar defects. With no risk factors, MRI scans showed normal findings in 15 of 17 patients with maximal GH of <5 mg/L, in 33 of 34 patients with GH between 5 and 10 mg/L, and in all 35 patients with GH of >10 mg/L. Abnormal MRI findings included posterior pituitary ectopy, decreased pituitary size, absent midline central nervous system structures, enlarged infundibulum, and hamartoma. In one child with a 4-year history of growth failure and a maximal GH of 3.5 mg/L, craniopharyngioma was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: MRI scans should be obtained in any child with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, hypoglycemia, ophthalmologic anomalies, low-stimulated GH, or acquired growth failure. Otherwise asymptomatic children with growth delay and maximal GH of >10 mg/L do not need routine MRI screening. Such a strategy could result in substantial cost savings.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Crecimiento/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Adolescente , Arginina , Arkansas/epidemiología , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/economía , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/normas , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/sangre , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Hormona del Crecimiento/sangre , Hospitales Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactante , Insulina , Levodopa , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/economía , Servicio Ambulatorio en HospitalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate renal structure in a child with Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism), who at 10 yr of age was noted to have hypertension, microalbuminuria, and enlarged kidneys, a renal biopsy was performed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The renal biopsy tissue was evaluated by light and electron microscopy with standard stereological techniques to measure glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane width, fractional mesangial volume, and peripheral capillary filtering surface density. RESULTS: On renal biopsy, there was a marked increase in glomerular volume, glomerular basement width, and mesangial volume, findings similar to those seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: This patient with marked insulin resistance associated with Donohue syndrome demonstrates renal and glomerular enlargement and morphometric glomerular changes similar to those seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy. In unusual syndromes with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, renal structural and functional changes typical of traditional diabetes mellitus may be seen.