Evaluation of average penis length and the thoughts of Turkish men and partners. Is surgery necessary?

The purpose of this study was to determine the average penis length and girth among the Turkish population, and to analyse the perspectives of couples. A total of 1703 males and 139 female partners participated in this study. All the participants completed a questionnaire and the flaccid and stretched penis length and girth were recorded. The results showed that the average flaccid penis length was 8.44 ± 2.28 cm and 12.27 ± 2.91 cm stretched, with girth of 8.23 ± 2.07 cm. Regarding the importance of penis size for a satisfying sexual experience, 18.5% of men thought penis length mattered, 9.9% considered thickness important, and 71.6% thought both were significant. A majority of participants, 67.8% of males and 76% of females, expressed that erect penis length was crucial for sexual pleasure. For a healthy sexual intercourse, 19.4% of the female partners emphasized the significance of penis length, 23.7% highlighted thickness, and 56.8% emphasized both factors for a fulfilling sexual relationship. A comparison between men's stretched penis length and the ideal length for partner satisfaction revealed no statistically significant difference (13 (4.8-21) cm vs. 12 (8-20) cm, p = 0.078). The average penis length and girth of Turkish males were found to be similar to the data in studies of this subject in literature. Both the males and their partners thought that erect penis length and girth were important for sexual intercourse. The males considering penis lengthening and thickening procedures should know whether or not their own penis is close to the average values, to avoid undergoing unnecessary surgeries.

Is 3D Volumetric Evaluation Consistent with Postoperative Renal Parenchymal Preservation in Open and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy?

Introduction: To evaluate by using 3D renal volumetric assessment and compare renal parenchymal preservation between patient who underwent open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and robot assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients to evaluate the effect of OPN (23 patients) or RALPN (19 patients) partial nephrectomy on renal parenchymal preservation. The CT or MRI were examined using 3D-Slicer image processing software. The tumor volume and preoperative and postoperative non-tumor bearing parenchymal volumes were evaluated with the segmentation. The preoperative and postoperative parenchymal volumes, serum creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were compared between the surgical techniques. Results: The data of 42 patients were included in the final analysis. The patient and tumor characteristics were similar between the two groups. Postoperative renal parenchymal volumetric changes were seen similar between groups. Although the serum creatinine levels and eGFRs did not change postoperatively in the RALPN group (P = .145 and P = .085, respectively), creatinine increased while eGFR decreased in the OPN group (P = .003 and P = .002, respectively). Conclusions: Our analysis showed that RALPN could be considered similar to OPN in terms of parenchymal volume preservation, but the rate of parenchymal volume preservation was not associated with the change in functional parameters. These results should be supported by further research.

First worldwide correction of ventral Peyronie's disease utilizing rigicon inflatable penile prosthesis combined with plaque incision & grafting with collagen fleece (PICS-technique) for residual curvature.

Adjunctive residual curvature correction by plaque incision and grafting with a sutureless graft during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) is our preferred technique. The PICS Technique (Penile Implant in Combination with the Sealing Technique) uses a self-adhesive collagen fleece (TachoSil®, Corza Medical, MA, USA) to cover the defect after plaque incision. The graft does not require sutures improving operative speed and avoiding needle stick of the implant cylinders. In this article, we present the first known application worldwide of a Rigicon Infla10® X (Rigicon, Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) device to Peyronie's ventral curvature. The patient's residual curvature of 80° after implantation was corrected by PICS through an additional subcoronal incision. At the conclusion of surgery, the penis was totally straight and rigid. No intra- and postoperative complications occurred. At the early follow-up of 12 weeks postoperatively, the patient was able to inflate and deflate the device and sexual intercourse was possible. A combination of the Rigicon Infla10® X and the PICS Technique represents a safe and successful approach for residual curvature correction during IPP in patients with ventral Peyronie's curvature. The Rigicon Infla10® X device showed excellent rigidity, and controlled expansion of the X cylinders means it can be used with the PICS Technique without restrictions. Early results are promising. Long-term follow-up and more patients are needed.

Adjustable Male Sling for The Treatment of Postprostatectomy Stress Urinary Incontinence: Intermediate-Term Follow-Up Results.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of adjustable male sling (Argus®) implantation in the management of post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) with intermediate-term follow-up results. Materials and methods The data on adjustable male sling surgery between September 2015 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were preoperatively evaluated with a voiding diary, 24-hour pad test, and validated questionnaire. Functional outcomes were also evaluated using 24-hour pad requirement and pad weight, and the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICIQ-SF) score. Results A total of 16 patients (eight having undergone the transurethral resection of the prostate [TUR-P] and eight radical prostatectomy [RP]) were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients had moderate (81.25%) PPI, and three patients (18.75%) had severe PPI. With the mean follow-up of 36.9±14.3 months, nine patients (56.2%) were noted as cured and four (25%) as improved, with an overall success rate of 81.2%. At the last follow-up visit, the median number of pads used per day decreased from 3.5 to 1, and the 24-hour pad test result decreased from 300 to 50 gr (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ICIQ-SF score decreased from the initial mean of 15.8 ± 2.3 to 7.1 ± 6.6 (p < 0.001). When the outcomes were compared according to the etiology, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.522). Conclusions Male sling surgery can be performed safely in patients with moderate and severe stress urinary incontinence with low complication and high success rates. The results of TUR-P-related PPI are similar to those of surgery performed due to the etiology of RP.

The association between ureteral wall thickness and need for additional procedures after primary ureteroscopy in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest.

PURPOSE: To examine the parameters affecting the need for additional procedures in the primary ureteroscopy treatment in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest level. METHODS: Seventy-one patients were included in the study who were ≥ 18 years old and had undergone ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteral stones above the iliac crest level between 2018-2020 and had a non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography before the procedures were included in the study. Patients and stone characteristics were prospectively collected. The results were evaluated six weeks after URS. The absence of any residual fragment was thought to indicate stone-free status. The patients with failure were referred for the additional procedures. RESULTS: The median patient age was 51 years [interquartile range (IQR): 18-66]. The median transverse stone diameter was 9.5 mm (IQR: 7.1-11.4), and the median ureteral wall thickness (UWT) was 5.8 mm (IQR: 4.3-6.5). In the univariate analysis, UWT (p < 0.001), presence of multiple stones (p = 0.008), and stone length (p = 0.022) affected stone-free status. The multivariate analysis revealed UWT as the only independent factor affecting the need for additional procedures after URS (p = 0.028). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the best threshold value for UWT according to the outcomes was identified as 5.8 mm. CONCLUSION: Ureteral wall thickness was the only independent parameter determining the need for additional procedures and affecting the treatment outcomes after the URS procedure.

Comparison of split-cuff nipple and modified Lich-Gregoir ureteroneocystostomy in iatrogenic distal ureteral injuries: tertiary care center experience.

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of split-cuff nipple and modified Lich-Gregoir ureteroneocystostomy, which are the most commonly used techniques in stage ≥ 3 iatrogenic distal ureteral injuries. METHODS: The files of patients who were treated for iatrogenic distal ureteral injuries in our clinic between January 2013 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 60 patients who underwent either intra-vesical split-cuff nipple ureteroneocystostomy (Group A) or extra-vesical modified Lich-Gregoir ureteroneocystostomy (Group B) operations were included in the study. The success of ureteroneocystostomy was defined as no additional surgery requirement, no progression of hydronephrosis on imaging, and normal contrast transition on imaging. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients underwent split-cuff nipple and 26 patients underwent modified Lich-Gregoir ureteroneocystostomy. The treatment was successful in 53 (88.3%) patients and failed in seven (11.7%). Complications occurred in 19 (31.7%) patients, of whom 14 (23.3%) had minor and five (8.3%) had major complications. The rate of postoperative complications was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (p = 0.019). There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of the success ratio (p = 1), rate of major complications (p = 0.372), and postoperative hospitalization times (p = 0.254). CONCLUSION: In this study, a higher complication rate was found in patients with iatrogenic ureteral injuries who underwent ureteroneocystostomy with the split-cuff ureteral nipple technique compared to those who underwent this operation with the modified Lich-Gregoir technique. However, no significant difference was observed between these two techniques in terms of treatment success and major complications.

A Rare Case of Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Severe Introital Stenosis.

Herein, we report a rare case of severe introital stenosis in a 22-year female who presented with obstructive voiding symptoms and inability to have sexual intercourse. Introital stenosis had been caused by the emergency primary closure after major vulvoperineal trauma 15 years ago. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature that describes a very long time from primary closure to dilation and reconstruction. A detailed systematic evaluation and pelvic examination were performed. The dilation procedure was performed and the patient was closely followed up. Reconstructive surgery, which involved the removal of the granulation tissue and approximation of healthy vaginal mucosal edges in several sessions, was performed after the initial dilation procedure. Follow-up was performed with the clinical assessment of the symptoms, physical examination, and uroflowmetry. Our technique was effective and did not lead to any complications. The sexual dysfunction and voiding complaints of the patient completely resolved within a post-operative period of 11 months. Key Words: Introital stenosis, Bladder outlet obstruction, Dilation, Female, Reconstruction.

Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Ureterolysis for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Results from a Tertiary Referral Center.

Objectives: To compare the surgical outcomes of open and laparoscopic ureterolysis procedures in patients requiring surgical treatment for ureteral obstruction caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF). Materials: This study was designed retrospectively. The clinical records of patients who underwent ureterolysis between January 2005 and April 2019 because of ureteral obstruction caused by RPF were examined. According to the type of surgery, the patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (open ureterolysis) and Group 2 (laparoscopic ureterolysis). Demographic features, preoperative-postoperative renal functions, duration of follow-up with ureteral stents, and perioperative-postoperative complications were examined. The requirement of ureteral stent placement during the follow-up period was accepted as unsuccessful ureterolysis. Results: Ureterolysis was performed in 13 patients and 23 renal units. Eleven of these patients were men and two were women. The median age of the patients was 54 (44-68) years. There were six patients and 12 renal units in Group 1 and seven patients and 11 renal units in Group 2. Postoperatively, a total of four patients (30%) had minor complications (Clavien-Dindo 1-2) and one patient had a major complication (Clavien-Dindo 3a). Ureterolysis was determined to be effective in 21 of the renal units (91%) [11/12 (92%) in Group 1 vs 10/11 (91%) in Group 2]. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the success and complication rates (p = 1 and p = 0.529, respectively). Postoperative hospitalization length and recovery time to return to normal preoperative activities were significantly shorter in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: The success and complication rates were similar between the open and laparoscopic methods for ureterolysis. Laparoscopic approach was advantageous over open approach in terms of postoperative hospitalization length and recovery time to return to normal preoperative activities.

Penile fracture: Tertiary care center experience and long-term complications after immediate repair.

BACKGROUND: In the literature, there is not sufficient data on factors affecting the development of complications in patients with penile fracture after early surgical intervention. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictors of long-term complications in patients who underwent immediate surgical repair for penile fracture. MATERIALS/METHODS: This clinical study included a total of 31 cases of penile fracture in which surgical treatment was performed within the first 24 h and penile fracture was confirmed during the operation. The patients with and without late complications were compared in terms of parameters such as age, tear size of the tunica albuginea of the penis, bilateral involvement of the corpora cavernosa involvement, urethral injuries, and duration from penile fracture to surgery. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 42 years (interquartile range: 34-51 years). The median time from penile fracture to surgery was 13 h (8-18 h). The median tear size was 16 mm (11-21 mm). Late complications were seen in 13 (41.9%) patients in the post-operative period. Erectile dysfunction developed in five (16.1%) patients in the post-operative period. There was no statistically significant relationship between age, tear size, time from penile fracture to surgery, and bilateral corporeal involvement in terms of erectile dysfunction development. Painful erections, penile deviations, urethral strictures, tunical scars, and re-fracture were the other late complications. There was a significant relationship between the development of any complication and time from penile fracture to surgery (p = 0.028) and tear size (p = 0.031). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis of complication development, the cut-off value for the time from penile fracture to surgery was 13.5 h. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found that the longer time interval between penile fracture and surgery worsened the patient outcomes. In addition, tear size was determined to be a predictor for long-term complications. In our opinion, early treatment of penile fracture can prevent severe complications in these cases.

Does Previous Open Stone Surgery Affect the Outcome of Shock Wave Lithotripsy Treatment in Children?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in children who previously underwent ipsilateral open renal stone surgery (ORSS). METHODS: A total of 315 renal units (RUs) with renal stones underwent SWL treatment in our department over a period of 18 years. A total of 274 RUs (87%) with no history of ORSS were categorized as group 1 and 41 RUs (13%) with a history of ORSS were categorized as group 2. The characteristics of the patients and renal stones, as well as the treatment modalities, were reviewed retrospectively, and the results were compared in terms of the rates of stone-free patients and complications. RESULTS: The stone-free rates were statistically lower in patients with an existing history of ORSS (p = 0.002), especially for stones located at the lower calyx (p = 0.006). However, there were no differences between groups in the rate of complications (p = 0.75). History of ipsilateral ORSS, age, and stone burden were independent risk factors that predicted a stone-free status in the regression analysis (p = 0.016, p = 0.045, and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The overall stone-free rate after SWL was found to be significantly lower in children with a history of ORSS than in those without, and this finding was significantly prominent for lower calyx stones. In spite of the possible difficulties in achieving surgical access due to anatomical changes in retrograde intrarenal surgery or mini-/micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy, we believe that these techniques might be good alternatives for SWL in future cases.

Clinical outcomes of radical surgery in patients with renal carcinoma and associated venous thrombosis: Single-centre experience in a tertiary care institution.

BACKGROUND: Renal carcinoma and associated venous thrombosis cause specific perioperative and postoperative challenges. We aimed to evaluate the factors affecting clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radical surgery because of renal carcinoma and associated venous thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with renal carcinoma and associated venous thrombosis treated with radical surgery between 2006 and 2019. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative findings were analysed to determine the associations between clinical and survival outcomes. Overall and disease-free survival were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Other associated prognostic variables were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with renal carcinoma and associated venous thrombosis were enrolled for this study. There were 15 (45.4%) patients with level I, five (15.2%) with level II, eight (24.2%) with level III, and five (15.2%) with level IV venous thrombosis according to the Mayo Clinic classification system. The median follow-up was 35.6 months. In the univariate analysis, increased tumour size was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. Preoperative clinic M1 disease was associated with poor overall survival. A high Mayo Clinic thrombus level was associated with poor disease-free survival. In the multivariate analysis, only tumour size and clinic M1 disease were independently correlated with poor overall survival. No independent statistically significant association was detected between thrombus level and survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the thrombus level was not associated with overall and disease-free survival, tumour size and clinic M1 disease were found to have an independent prognostic impact on overall survival.

The Role of 68GA-PSMA PET/CT Scan In Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan evaluation before radical prostatectomy (RP) is an effective imaging modality for clinical local and lymph node (LN) staging compared with the pathological results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a preoperative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan in 51 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), who were scheduled for an RP operation between January 2014 and June 2016 in our clinic. The correlation between the RP pathology and the results of the 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan was investigated. RESULTS: When the 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan results were evaluated according to the risk groups, intraprostatic activity was found in 5 of 12 patients (41.7%) in the low-risk group, 15 of 19 patients in the intermediate risk group (78.9%), and 90% patients in the high-risk group. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated as 58.2%, 75.3%, 84.4%, 44%, and 63%, respectively for intraprostatic tumor localization; 68.4%, 75%, 61.9%, 80%, and %72.6%, respectively for extracapsular extension; 63.6%, 92.3%, 70%, 90%, and 86%, respectively for seminal vesicle involvement; 50%, 100%, 100%, 88%, and 89.3%, respectively for LN metastasis. CONCLUSION: The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan accurately demonstrates intraprostatic tumor localization in high-risk group and presence of seminal vesicle involvement, which can help to accurately detect the target lesion before prostate biopsy. In addition, with its high sensitivity and specificity values, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a valuable imaging method for the assessment of LN metastasis in intermediate- and high-risk groups and also provides accurate nodal staging before RP.

Renal Parenchymal Volumetric Expansion Assessed by CT Imaging After Laparoscopic Cyst Decortication.

PURPOSE: To delineate the expansion of the renal parenchyma using volumetric CT imaging before and after the laparoscopic cyst decortication procedure and to determine the possible associations between parenchymal expansion and laboratory parameters and cyst volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients that underwent laparoscopic cyst decortication were included in this prospective study. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT was performed in all patients in the preoperative and postoperative period. Semi-automatic volume quantification was undertaken offline, and renal parenchymal volumes before and after cyst decortication, as well as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared. RESULTS: The changes in serum creatinine and eGFR in the postoperative period were non-significant. The mean postoperative renal parenchymal volumes were higher compared to the preoperative measurements for both observations (P = .014 and .034 for the first and second measurements, respectively). There was no correlation between the volumetric change and the cyst volume (r = -0.18, P = .560). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing laparoscopic cyst decortication, post-operative parenchymal expansion can be detected using volumetric CT imaging to confirm the immediate benefits of the procedure.

Can SUVmax values of Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT scan predict the clinically significant prostate cancer?

PURPOSE: The intensity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression increases as the tumor grade increases and the uptake of Ga-68-PSMA is higher in high-grade tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of preoperative tracer uptake of primary tumor to Gleason Score in patients who underwent prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 141 patients who had Ga-68-PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and who underwent prostatectomy. All patients had a diagnosis of prostate cancer on the basis of 10-24 cores transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS-Bx). Histological assessment was performed according to the New Contemporary Prostate Cancer Grading System. All patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measurement within maximum of 28 days before Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT. Region of interests were drawn manually around the prostate gland, avoiding the bladder activity, to calculate the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) values. RESULTS: The median PSA values for all patients were 10.0 ng/ml. PSA values for low-risk patients were significantly lower than those of high-risk patients (P<0.001). There were 41.1% upgrades and 7.8% downgrades following prostatectomy in terms of Grade Groups. According to the final pathology reports, 21% (n=16) of patients moved from a low-risk level (grade groups 1+2) to a high-risk level (grade groups 3+4+5). The median SUVmax value was 8.8, ranging from 2.1 to 62.4. There was a strong correlation between SUVmax values and grade groups (Pearson ρ=0.66) (P<0.001). The mean SUVmax values of high-risk patients were significantly higher than those of low-risk patients (18.9±12.1 vs. 7.16±6.2, respectively) (P<0.001). Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis of SUVmax at the cut-off value of 9.1 showed a high sensitivity (78%) and specificity (81%) for detection of high risk disease. CONCLUSION: SUVmax values correlate significantly with the grade groups of the primary tumor. The intraprostatic accumulation sites may predict clinically significant cancer and potentially serve as a target for biopsy sampling in conjunction with mpMRI in selected patients.

Predictor Role of Pretreatment Resistive and Pulsatile Indexes in the Success of Medical Expulsive Therapy of Ureteral Stones.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of renal resistive index (RI) and pulsatile index levels measured with renal Doppler ultrasonography in predicting the success of medical expulsive treatment in patients with ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients admitted to our clinic between January and December 2017 with a ureteral stone of less than 1 cm in diameter were evaluated in terms of their RI and pulsatile index values obtained using Doppler ultrasonography, and the localization and diameter of their stone and grade of hydronephrosis using computed tomography at the time of admission. After 4 weeks of medical expulsive treatment with tamsulosin, spontaneous stone passage was assessed to investigate the relationship between the data obtained before treatment and the success of medical expulsive treatment. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 71 patients passed the stone spontaneously after treatment (67.6%). Among the related variables, the largest diameter of stone and ipsilateral RI levels were independently associated with the success of medical expulsive treatment (P <.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a RI value of less than 0.72 was associated with spontaneous stone expulsion with a sensitivity of 89.6%, a specificity of 69.6%, and a positive predictive value of 97%. CONCLUSION: It is possible to predict the success of medical expulsive treatment using RI levels. We anticipate that in patients who are not likely to pass the stones spontaneously with medical treatment, surgery should not be postponed to avoid irreversible kidney damage.

Does Previous Open Renal Stone Surgery Affect the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Treatment in Adults with Renal Stones?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of previous ipsilateral open renal stone surgery (ORSS) on outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in adults with renal stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2097 renal units with renal stones underwent SWL treatment at our institution between March 1997 and February 2013. One thousand eight hundred thirty-nine (87.7%) of these had no history of ORSS and were categorized as group 1, and 258 (12.3%) patients having history of ipsilateral ORSS were categorized as group 2. Characteristics of patients, stone and treatment, stone-free, and complications rates were documented in detail and compared in each group. These groups were also subclassified into four subgroups according to the stone location. RESULTS: The stone-free rates were statistically higher in group 1 than group 2 (73.2% and 61.6%, respectively). There were no differences between groups regarding the complications and steinstrasse. The stone-free rate of SWL for stones located at lower calix has significant difference according to groups 1 and 2 (64% vs 48.4%, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of ORSS increased SWL failure rate 1.39 times. CONCLUSION: Overall stone-free rates after SWL treatment was found to be significantly lower in patients with the history of ORSS than in patients without, and this finding was significantly prominent for lower calix stones. We believe that retrograde intrarenal surgery or mini- /micro-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, despite its possible difficulties in accessing due to anatomical changes, might be a good alternative for SWL.

A preliminary study of shear wave elastography for the evaluation of unilateral palpable undescended testes.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare unilateral palpable undescended testes and contralateral descended testes using shear wave elastography (SWE) to show potential quantitative differences in elasticity patterns, which might reflect the histologic features. METHODS: Approval for this prospective study was obtained from the local ethics committee. A total of 29 patients (mean age, 7.52 years; range, 1-18 years) with unilateral palpable undescended testes and contralateral descended testes were examined by greyscale ultrasonography and SWE between February 2015 and April 2016. The volume and the elasticity of each testicle were the main factors evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference between undescended testes and contralateral descended testes in terms of volume. However, a significant difference was evident in SWE-derived quantitative data. CONCLUSIONS: SWE seems to be a useful sonographic technique to predict histologic features of the undescended testicle, which might replace testicular biopsy in modern management of the undescended testis.