Retrospective radiological analysis of cemento-osseous dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Osseous dysplasia (OD) is a form of fibro-osseous lesion located in the jaws that may interfere with the adjacent anatomical structures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of radiographic imaging features, the morphological characteristics and the lesion volume of OD with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included radiologically diagnosed lesions followed up for at least 1 year. The prevalence and distribution of the OD types were defined in terms of age, sex, lesion location, teeth, relationship with the anatomical structures, and lesion volume. RESULTS: The mean age gradually increased from the periapical group to the florid group (p = 0.018). It was observed that the mandible was the most frequently affected bone (85.5%) (p < 0.05). The margins of the lesions were well defined, and had an irregular or circular shape. The buccal cortical bone was the most affected structure (84.5%), and the damage in the cortical bone increased with an increase in the lesion volume. With regard to teeth, the most frequent disorder was a discontinuous lamina dura (83.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Osseous dysplasia lesions affect a wide range of different anatomical areas, and show different volume and morphometric characteristics.

Comparison of trabecular bone structure in individuals with healthy periodontium and stage III/IV, grade C periodontitis by fractal analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to perform fractal analysis (FA) to compare differences in trabecular microarchitecture in interdental and antegonial regions on panoramic radiographs in periodontally healthy patients and those with stage III/IV, grade C periodontitis, and to compare the effects of patient age and sex on FA results. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and radiographic records from 33 periodontally healthy individuals and 28 individuals with aggressive periodontitis were obtained from the faculty archives. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen bilaterally from interdental bone around the mandibular first molar and canine and the antegonial region. The mean fractal dimension (FD) values of the ROIs were calculated. Significance of differences was established at P < .05. RESULTS: FD values of all 3 ROIs in the periodontitis group were significantly lower than values in the control group (P ≤ .004). FD was not affected by patient age (P = .357) or sex (P = .216). There were no significant correlations between FD and age in either group (P ≥ .093). FD values differed significantly between sexes in only one ROI. CONCLUSIONS: FA can effectively detect trabecular microarchitectural differences in patients with aggressive periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy individuals. This technique might be useful in predicting the susceptibility of patients to periodontal disease.

Evaluation of trabecular bone and mandibular cortical thickness in adults with different vertical facial types.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated differences in trabecular structure and mandibular cortical thickness in adults related to vertical facial type (VFT), sex, and their interactions. STUDY DESIGN: Lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) and panoramic radiographs (PRs) of 256 patients were reviewed. The VFT classification into low-angle, normal, and high-angle groups was determined using angular and linear measurements on LCRs. Fractal dimension (FD) values and mandibular radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) were calculated on PRs. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in FD overall among VFT groups in all sites (P < .001), with pairwise comparisons indicating the greatest values in the high-angle group in the condyle (P < .05) but in the low-angle group elsewhere (P < .001). RMIs were significantly different overall regarding VFT only in the posterior mandible (P = .004), with pairwise comparisons revealing low-angle and normal group values greater than high-angle group values (P < .05). Patient sex and the interaction of facial type and sex had no significant effect on any bone measurements. CONCLUSIONS: VFT had significant effects on trabecular structure at all measured sites, but cortical thickness was affected only in 1 location.

In vivo evaluation of mandibular trabecular and cortical bone quality in psoriasis vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of psoriasis vulgaris on mandibular structure by calculating fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices. STUDY DESIGN: Panoramic radiographs of 58 patients with psoriasis and 58 healthy participants were assessed. FD was used to analyze trabecular bone architecture in the condyle, angle, and 2 sites in the alveolar bone. Five radiomorphometric indices based on cortical thickness and the mandibular cortical index (MCI) for structure were used to assess cortical bone porosity. Comparisons were made between sites in trabecular and cortical bone. Quantitative and categorical data were statistically analyzed with the significance level at P < .05. RESULTS: FD was significantly lower in the patients with psoriasis than in the controls in the alveolar bone sites (P ≤ .035). Differences between measurement sites were insignificant in psoriasis (P ≥ .617), but the FD values of some measurement sides in the control group differed significantly (P ≤ .004). All quantitative radiomorphometric indices were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis (P ≤ .034) with significant differences between some sites in both groups. No significant difference was found in MCI frequency distribution between the groups (P = .782). CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular architecture and cortical thickness were negatively affected in patients with psoriasis, but no differences in cortical porosity were detected between groups.

Radioanatomic study of maxillary sinus palatal process pneumatization.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a detailed analysis of palatal process pneumatization (PPP) on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: This study consisted of 376 maxillary sinuses of 188 patients aged 22-88 years who had maxillary CBCT scans. The radioanatomy of the PPP was evaluated at distances 4, 8, 16, and 24 mm posterior to incisive foramen. The types of PPP were classified as follows: type I: maxillary sinus palatal process non-gasified; type II: palatal process gasification into the nasal floor, but not more than half of the width of the nasal floor; and type III: palatal process gasification into the nasal floor more than half of the width of nasal floor. Sinus opening angle (SOA), palatonasal recess angle (PNRA), palatal junction angle (PJA), and palatal depth measurement (PDM) were the evaluated parameters. RESULTS: Among the identified 1315 PPPs, type I PPP (880, 66.92%) was the most frequently observed, followed by type II (426, 32.4%), and the least observed was type III PPP (9, 0.68%). There was no significant difference between SOA and PJA according to the types of PPP (p > 0.05). The difference between PNRA and PDM of type I and type II PPP showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Type I PPP was the most encountered with the highest PDM, and PNRA was narrower in type III than in type II PPP. CONCLUSION: Physicians must be aware of these variations to prevent possible complications during surgery because 33.08% of the maxillary sinuses showed extensive pneumatization through the palatal process.

Can Myelography Residues Have an Incidental Finding on Panoramic Radiography? Two Case Reports.

Oil-based contrast medium agents (Iofendylate) are cleared from cerebrospinal fluid very slowly. But it may remain within the tissues of the central nervous system. These substances, which were used for purposes such as myelography, cisternography, and ventriculography approximately 70 years ago and were replaced by water-soluble agents after thirty years, can rarely be detected incidentally. In this report, by presenting the intracranial radiopacities seen in 2 patients, it is aimed to increase awareness that these myeloid residues, which are rarely seen in panoramic radiography, can be diagnosed by clinicians.