RESUMEN
Moderate intensity pulse electric fields were applied in plum with the aim to increase bioactive compounds content of the fruit, while high-hydrostatic pressure was applied to preserve the purées. High-hydrostatic pressure treatment was compared with an equivalent thermal treatment. The addition of ascorbic acid during purée manufacture was also evaluated. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects on microorganisms, polyphenoloxidase, color and bioactive compounds of high-hydrostatic pressure, or thermal-processed plum purées made of moderate intensity pulse electric field-treated or no-moderate intensity pulse electric field-treated plums, after processing during storage. The application of moderate intensity pulse electric field to plums slightly increased the levels of anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity of purées. The application of Hydrostatic-high pressure (HHP) increased the levels of bioactive compounds in purées, while the thermal treatment preserved better the color during storage. The addition of ascorbic acid during the manufacture of plum purée was an important factor for the final quality of purées. The color and the bioactive compounds content were better preserved in purées with ascorbic acid. The no inactivation of polyphenoloxidase enzyme with treatments applied in this study affected the stability purées. Probably more intense treatments conditions (high-hydrostatic pressure and thermal treatment) would be necessary to reach better quality and shelf life during storage.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Frutas/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/análisis , Prunus domestica/química , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Catecol Oxidasa/química , Catecol Oxidasa/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/química , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Electricidad/efectos adversos , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Manipulación de Alimentos , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Frutas/metabolismo , Calor/efectos adversos , Humanos , Presión Hidrostática/efectos adversos , Valor Nutritivo , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Prunus domestica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prunus domestica/metabolismo , Refrigeración , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a highly promising novel target in breast cancer. However, the expression of PARP-1 protein in breast cancer and its associations with outcome are yet poorly characterized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative expression of PARP-1 protein was assayed by a specific immunohistochemical signal intensity scanning assay in a range of normal to malignant breast lesions, including a series of patients (N = 330) with operable breast cancer to correlate with clinicopathological factors and long-term outcome. RESULTS: PARP-1 was overexpressed in about a third of ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating breast carcinomas. PARP-1 protein overexpression was associated to higher tumor grade (P = 0.01), estrogen-negative tumors (P < 0.001) and triple-negative phenotype (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio (HR) for death in patients with PARP-1 overexpressing tumors was 7.24 (95% CI; 3.56-14.75). In a multivariate analysis, PARP-1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free (HR 10.05; 95% CI 5.42-10.66) and overall survival (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32-2.52). CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear PARP-1 is overexpressed during the malignant transformation of the breast, particularly in triple-negative tumors, and independently predicts poor prognosis in operable invasive breast cancer.