RESUMEN
Although great advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology of mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias, therapies for this leukemia have remained limited, and clinical outcomes remain bleak. In order to identify novel targets for immunotherapy treatments, we compiled a lineage-independent MLL-r leukemia gene signature using publicly available data sets. Data from large leukemia repositories were filtered through the in silico human surfaceome, providing a list of highly predicted cell surface proteins overexpressed in MLL-r leukemias. LAMP5, a lysosomal associated membrane protein, is expressed highly and specifically in MLL-r leukemia. We found that LAMP5 is a direct target of the oncogenic MLL-fusion protein. LAMP5 depletion significantly inhibited leukemia cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Functional studies showed that LAMP-5 is a novel modulator of innate-immune pathways in MLL-r leukemias. Downregulation of LAMP5 led to inhibition of NF-kB signaling and increased activation of type-1 interferon signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor/interleukin 1 receptor activation. These effects were attributable to the critical role of LAMP-5 in transferring the signal flux from interferon signaling endosomes to pro-inflammatory signaling endosomes. Depletion of IRF7 was able to partially rescue the cell growth inhibition upon LAMP5 downregulation. Lastly, LAMP-5 was readily detected on the surface of MLL-r leukemia cells. Targeting surface LAMP-5 using an antibody-drug conjugate leads to significant cell viability decrease specifically in MLL-r leukemias. Overall, based on the limited expression throughout human tissues, we postulate that LAMP-5 could potentially serve as an immunotherapeutic target with a wide therapeutic window to treat MLL-r leukemias.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Bifenotípica Aguda , Leucemia , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/genética , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Leucemia/genética , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/genética , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/metabolismoRESUMEN
Leukemias with MLL translocations are often found in infants and are associated with poor outcomes. The pathogenesis of MLL-fusion leukemias has been linked to upregulation of HOX/MEIS1 genes. The functions of the Hox/Meis1 complex in leukemia, however, remain elusive. Here, we used inducible Meis1-knockout mice coupled with MLL-AF9 knockin mice to decipher the mechanistic role of Meis1 in established MLL leukemia. We demonstrate that Meis1 is essential for maintenance of established leukemia. In addition, in both the murine model and human leukemia cells, we found that Meis1 loss led to increased oxidative stress, oxygen flux, and apoptosis. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) as a target gene of Meis1. Hypoxia or HLF expression reversed the oxidative stress, rescuing leukemia development in Meis1-deficient cells. Thus, the leukemia-promoting properties of Meis1 are at least partly mediated by a low-oxidative state, aided by HLF. These results suggest that stimulants of oxidative metabolism could have therapeutic potential in leukemia treatment.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Leucemia/metabolismo , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Western Blotting , Hipoxia de la Célula , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Ácido Dicloroacético/farmacología , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Células HEK293 , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Humanos , Leucemia/genética , Leucemia/patología , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteína 1 del Sitio de Integración Viral Ecotrópica Mieloide , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Fosforilación Oxidativa/efectos de los fármacos , Interferencia de ARN , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
ΔNp63α, a proto-oncogene, is up-regulated in non-melanoma skin cancers and directly regulates the expression of both Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Since ΔNp63α has been shown to inhibit cell invasion via regulation of VDR, we wanted to determine whether dietary Vitamin D3 protected against UVB induced tumor formation in SKH-1 mice, a model for squamous cell carcinoma development. We examined whether there was a correlation between dietary Vitamin D3 and ΔNp63α, VDR or PTEN expression in vivo in SKH-1 mice chronically exposed to UVB radiation and fed chow containing increasing concentrations of dietary Vitamin D3. Although we observed differential effects of the Vitamin D3 diet on ΔNp63α and VDR expression in chronically irradiated normal mouse skin as well as UVB induced tumors, Vitamin D3 had little effect on PTEN expression in vivo. While low-grade papillomas in mice exposed to UV and fed normal chow displayed increased levels of ΔNp63α, expression of both ΔNp63α and VDR was reduced in invasive tumors. Interestingly, in mice fed high Vitamin D3 chow, elevated levels of ΔNp63α were observed in both local and invasive tumors but not in normal skin suggesting that oral supplementation with Vitamin D3 may increase the proliferative potential of skin tumors by increasing ΔNp63α levels.