[Cancers of the external genital organs of male in Hérault: Results from the Hérault tumor register (RTH) over a period of 30 years (1987-2016)]. / Le cancer des organes génitaux externes de l'homme dans le département de l'Hérault: résultats de 30 ans d'enregistrement du registre des tumeurs de l'Hérault (1987­2016).

AIM: The objective of this study is to present the history of cancers of the external genital organs of male in Hérault using data from the Hérault tumor register (RTH) over a period of 30 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the RTH database, we studied the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and penile cancer (PC) over 30 years, from 1987 to 2016. We analyzed the incidence and mortality data for these tumors. We compared these results to French, European and global data. RESULTS: In 30 years of registration we have recorded 725 cases of TGCT and 175 cases of PC. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of TGCT has doubled between 1987 and 2016 (4.2 per 100,000 in 1987 and 9.3 per 100,000 in 2016). It was multiplied by 2.63 in the population of patients aged 30 to 44. There is a decrease of the mortality rate with a ASR of 0.8 deaths per 100,000 in 1987, and 0.4/100 000 in 2016. The PC incidence ASR was stable between 1987 and 2016 (0.4-0.9/100,000). Mortality is stable with a ASR between 0.1 and 0.3 deaths per 100,000 between 1987 and 2016. CONCLUSION: The incidence of TGCT has increased sharply in the Hérault over the past 30 years, while a decrease in mortality has been observed. The proportion of seminomas is increasing; it has gone from 53 % to 60 % in 30 years in the Hérault. The incidence and mortality of PC shows a stability in the Hérault over the past 30 years.

[Renal cell carcinoma in the department of Hérault: Results over a 30 year period]. / Le cancer du rein dans le département de L'Hérault : résultats de 30 ans d'enregistrement.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the specificities of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the department of Herault using the Herault Tumor Registry over 30 years. METHODS: Data of this study were obtained from the Herault cancer database. We analysed the evolution of RCC from 1987 to 2016, including the incidence, mortality, cancer pathology and staging at the moment of diagnosis. We compared our results with national and international data. RESULTS: We identified 3769 newly diagnosed RCC: 2628 in men (69,7%) and 1141 in women (30,3%). In 2016, RCC was the 8th most frequent cancer, both genders combined, the 7th most frequent cancer in men and the 11th in women. New cases of RCC increased by 4.2 in men and 3.3 in women over the study period. The number of localised forms increased by 9% over 20 years. In 2016, the probability of having a RCC before the age of 75 was of 2.11% for a man and of 0.62% for a woman. CONCLUSION: Over 30 years, the incidence rate of RCC increased in the department of Herault; however, mortality decreased over the same period. This analytical data should be improved by the development of the Registry of Herault Specialised in Onco-Urology (RHESOU). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Renal Trauma]. / Traumatismes du rein.

INTRODUCTION: Renal traumas are common, observed in 10% of patients with abdominal trauma. Most renal traumas are blunt, resulting from a direct hit or from an abrupt deceleration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We realized a synthesis of renal trauma management for nurses. RESULTS: Clinical presentation often encompasses gross hematuria and lumbar pain. The best diagnostic tool is computed tomography (CT) urogram. Based on CT urogram images, renal traumas are classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification in five grades of increasing severity. The management is conservative in the vast majority of cases and has been largely simplified over the past few years, being now mostly based on observation. Radiological interventional and endoscopic procedures are used only in very selected cases and surgical exploration has become extremely rare. CONCLUSION: The prognosis has also considerably improved and renal trauma rarely result in death or loss of the kidney nowadays.

Effects of aluminum chloride on normal and uremic adult male rats. Tissue distribution, brain choline acetyltransferase activity, and some biological variables.

Normal and uremic adult male rats were given a daily ip injection of 20 mg Al (Al chloride)/kg for 14 d. The results indicate that Al induces a significant decrease in food ingestion, weight gain, and total protein concentration in the plasma. Compared with control animals, very high increases in Al levels were found in plasma and hepatic homogenates (about 36 and 19 times, respectively). In the brain homogenates, the Al increases were lower (about 23%). The brain cholineacetyltransferase activity was reduced: 10.6 and 14.9% in normal and uremic rats, respectively. The nephrectomy and the food restriction did not affect the total protein concentrations in plasma and the cerebral cholineacetyltransferase activity. Both were only found to be reduced in the rats treated by Al chloride.

Effects of postnatal aluminum exposure on biological parameters in the rat plasma.

Young rats were treated by gastric intubation with aluminum chloride (100 mg Al/kg/day) and aluminum lactate (100 and 200 mg Al/kg/day) from postnatal days 5 to 14. This treatment lead to a reduction in body weight. The plasma concentrations of total proteins and albumin decreased whereas the alpha 1 globulins increased in the treated rats. The aluminum concentrations in plasma and hepatic homogenates increased particularly at 200 mg Al lactate. The reduction in average body weight could be attributed to various causes: a decreased food consumption, a transient undernutrition, a reduction of the protein synthesis in the liver. The increase of the plasma concentration of the alpha 1 globulins revealed an inflammation process.

Aluminum transfer through milk in female rats intoxicated by aluminum chloride.

Female rats received an ip injection of aluminum chloride (10 mg Al/kg/d) during the first 12 d after parturition; this treatment led to a reduction in food intake associated with a reduction in body wt. Pups of the intoxicated dams showed a growth retardation after postnatal day 7. One day after treatment, the female rats intoxicated with aluminum had a considerably higher level of aluminum in milk than controls. The aluminum levels of plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys were also significantly higher in treated female rats than controls. On the contrary, in the same tissues of pups from treated or not treated dams, no differences in aluminum levels were observed. No effect of aluminum treatment was detected on plasma silicon levels in dams and pups.

Effects of postnatal aluminum exposure on choline acetyltransferase activity and learning abilities in the rat.

Young rats were treated by gastric intubation with aluminum lactate (0, 100, and 200 mg Al/kg/day) from postnatal days 5 to 14 to determine the treatment's influence on brain choline acetyltransferase activity and learning abilities. The results indicated that aluminum concentrations in the cerebral areas increased in parallel to plasma aluminum at the dose of 200 mg. In the same case, choline acetyltransferase activity was reduced. At postnatal days 50 and 100, the treated rats did not show alterations in their learning abilities in the 2 tests which are based on different motivations (avoidance of an aversive light or alimentary motivation) and different ways of achievement (pressing on a lever or running in a maze). A low reduction in the general activity, particularly in the radial maze test, was only observed in rats treated with 200 mg Al/kg/day.

Developmental alterations in offspring of female rats orally intoxicated by aluminum lactate at different gestation periods.

Pregnant rats were treated orally with aluminum lactate (400 mg Al/kg/day) during three periods of gestation to determine the treatment's influence on mortality, weight gain, neuromotor maturation, and learning abilities of their pups. No effect of treatment on litter size, mortality rate, and weight gain of pups was detected. In the negative geotaxis test, the scores of pups from females treated during the second and third weeks of gestation were diminished. In the locomotor coordination and the operant conditioning tests, significant differences in the comparison of controls vs. the three treated groups were found, indicating long-term effects of early intoxication upon the central nervous system.

Aluminum in the joint tissues of chronic renal failure patients treated with regular hemodialysis and aluminum compounds.

We studied the concentrations of aluminum in the articular tissues of 5 hemodialysed patients treated with aluminum compounds. Aluminum crosses the synovial barrier, is found in synovial fluid (SF) and accumulates in the joint structures (synovial membrane and joint cartilage). The concentrations found in synovial tissue were 2.7 to 10 times control values, in SF 2.5 to 8 times the control concentrations and in cartilage 2.6 times the control concentrations. Transmission electron microscopy showed localization of aluminum in the lysosomal structures and wavelength dispersive microprobe analysis showed aluminum in cellular components associated with phosphate. The possible toxicity of aluminum to joints merits further investigations.

[Value of the assay of bone aluminum by pulse polarography]. / Intérêt du dosage de l'aluminium osseux par polarographie impulsionnelle.

Pulse polarography has been applied to the determination of aluminium in bone. The sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of the method are described. The results of bone aluminium concentrations in controls and in haemodialysed patients treated with aluminium compounds are discussed. Pulse polarography permits very precise measurements of aluminium impregnating bone.

Application of pulse polarography with anodic stripping voltammetry to biological and toxicological analyses for lead and cadmium.

The development of polarographic techniques within the last thirty years has made possible exceptional increases in sensitivity ; thus the order of concentration studied has passed from 10-3 g ion/1. to 10-10 g ion/1. Pulse polarography with anodic stripping voltammetry is, therefore, particularly suitable for the determination of a large number of the so-called " biologically essential " and " highly toxic " metals, more often than not present in extremely low concentrations in biological samples which may be of limited volume (blood, for example). Our principal concern has been to describe and apply a method for the determination of lead and cadmium, sufficiently sensitive, precise, practical and rapid for everyday use by biologists and toxicologists. A fortiori this method is applicable in hydrology to the determination of traces of these metals in water.