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Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic inflammatory skin disease that is mainly caused by Cutibacterium acnes infection and subsequent inflammation. Temporin-GHaR4G7R (GHaR4G7R) was derived from Temporin-GHa of frog Hylarana guentheri. Its antibacterial performance against C. acnes and potential mechanism against acne vulgaris in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. In vitro tests demonstrated that GHaR4G7R displayed potent bactericidal effects against C. acnes, with both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3.1 µM. It exerted antibacterial effect by disrupting the bacterial membranes, accompanied by low propensity for developing drug resistance. GHaR4G7R significantly inhibited the formation of early biofilms and eliminated established biofilms of C. acnes by decreasing exopolysaccharide synthesis. Meanwhile, GHaR4G7R demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect on HaCaT cells challenged with heat-inactivated C. acnes by significantly down-regulating the expression of TLR2/NF-κB/MAPK pathway-associated proteins by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. As expected, GHaR4G7R significantly decreased the bacterial colonization in rat ear model induced by C. acnes, and relieved the auricular swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration through inhibiting the TLR2/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway, leading to down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokine expression and alleviation of the skin inflammation in vivo. The research indicates that GHaR4G7R might be a potential alternative for developing novel strategies for treating acne vulgaris.
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Acné Vulgar , Antibacterianos , Piel , Péptidos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Células HaCaT , Humanos , Masculino , Animales , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Acné Vulgar/microbiología , Biopelículas , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/microbiología , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Propionibacteriaceae , Péptidos Catiónicos AntimicrobianosRESUMEN
The mortality rate of tumor is still very high till now. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the major culprit of high cancer mortality. To improve survival rate of cancer patients, real-time monitoring and quantitative detection of CTCs are of indescribable value. However, due to the extremely small content and heterogeneous characteristics of CTCs, to accurately detect CTCs is still a tremendous challenge in clinical trials. Herein, the photoelectrochemical aptasensing and fluorescence imaging were co-joint to detect MCF-7 cells in whole blood via an inertial separation microfluidic chip. A portable inertial microfluidic chip with a height of 150 µm was designed to separate MCF-7 cells from whole blood samples. Niblue-C6-IMC was used to label and image MCF-7 cells through specifically reacting with COX-2 enzyme from the over-expression on the cellular surface. Subsequently, MCF-7 cells were detected with a Bi2O2S nanoflower based photoelectrochemical sensing system. Parameters including the channel height and length, flow rate, focusing position, fluorescence probe concentration, and flow length of the microfluidic chip were optimized. The separation efficiency and purity of MCF-7 cells were 85 % and 80 %, respectively. For 1 mL of blood sample (100 cells mL-1), 85 cells and 90 cells could be calculated based on the signals from fluorescence imaging and photoelectrochemical response, respectively. Nevertheless, for assaying 1 mL of blood samples containing 50 MCF-7 cells, 40 cells and 39 cells were obtained from fluorescence imaging and photoelectrochemical responses, respectively.
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Purpose: To describe a single case of systemic lymphoma recurring in the iris and ciliary body. Methods: A retrospective case review was performed. Results: A 75-year-old woman presented to the retina service with an iris mass in the left eye. Her medical history was significant for previous systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with systemic chemotherapy. Aqueous sampling was significant for recurrence of the disease. Local therapy with intravitreal (IVT) methotrexate was initiated. Although there was initial improvement, an increased interval between injections led to disease recurrence. External beam radiation to the left eye was then applied, leading to a complete clinical remission. Conclusions: Systemic lymphoma presenting in the iris is a rare manifestation that should be considered on the differential for an amelanotic iris lesion. Although monotherapy with IVT methotrexate did not control the ocular disease in this patient, subsequent external beam radiation resulted in complete clinical remission.
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Dental caries, the most prevalent oral infectious disease, is closely associated with Streptococcus mutans. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of the temporin-GHb peptide and its derivatives (GHbR, GHbK, and GHb3K) against S. mutans. These peptides exhibited potent anti-S. mutans activity through a membrane-disruptive mechanism, confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence staining assays while showing lower bactericidal effects on beneficial probiotic bacteria. Additionally, they inhibited the biofilm matrix formation by disrupting extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, as demonstrated by zymography, qRT-PCR, and sucrose metabolism experiments. In a rat model of S. mutans-induced dental caries, treatment with these peptides significantly reduced the incidence of dental lesions. H&E staining analysis of rat oral tissues confirmed the biosafety of GHb and GHb3K. These findings suggest that temporin-derived peptides effectively target EPS, inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence, offering a promising strategy for preventing dental caries and promoting oral health. The findings suggest potential applications for peptide-based interventions to mitigate biofilm-related issues across various fields, including agriculture, food processing, and healthcare.
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Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/microbiología , Animales , Ratas , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/farmacología , Humanos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Masculino , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/química , Péptidos Catiónicos AntimicrobianosAsunto(s)
Branquioma/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos Oculares/diagnóstico , Esclerótica/irrigación sanguínea , Trastornos de la Visión/diagnóstico , Branquioma/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Mastectomía Segmentaria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Órbita/irrigación sanguínea , Venas/fisiopatología , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Prosthetic iris devices have recently been used to improve cosmesis and reduce glare in aniridia. There is currently no consensus on which prosthetic iris device or which surgical approach is preferred for managing large iris defects. METHODS: A novel surgical approach with Gore-Tex polytetrafluoroethylene sutures was used to achieve scleral fixation of an intraocular lens and artificial iris complex in a 19-year-old Caucasian female patient with aniridia, nystagmus, cataracts, and ectopia lentis. RESULTS: Six weeks postoperatively, the intraocular lens-artificial iris complex remained well centered, and the vision in the left eye improved from 20/400 to 20/70. Two years after prosthetic iris device implantation, there have been no complications. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates a promising proof-of-concept for long-term management of complicated aniridia cases using an intraocular lens and artificial iris complex prosthetic iris devices. Gore-Tex sutures may be preferable to conventional polypropylene sutures because of their improved durability.
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Aniridia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Aniridia/cirugía , Extracción de Catarata , Desplazamiento del Cristalino/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lentes Intraoculares , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/métodos , Politetrafluoroetileno , Técnicas de Sutura , Vitrectomía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Nowadays, gene expression profiling has been widely used in screening out prognostic biomarkers in numerous kinds of carcinoma. Our studies attempt to construct a clinical nomogram which combines risk gene signature and clinical features for individual recurrent risk assessment and offer personalized managements for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. A total of 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via microarray. Functional analysis revealed that DEGs are of fundamental importance in ccRCC progression and metastasis. In our study, 338 ccRCC patients were retrospectively analysed and a risk gene signature which composed of 5 genes was obtained from a LASSO Cox regression model. Further analysis revealed that identified risk gene signature could usefully distinguish the patients with poor prognosis in training cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.554, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.261-7.472, P < .0001, n = 107). Moreover, the prognostic value of this gene-signature was independent of clinical features (P = .002). The efficacy of risk gene signature was verified in both internal and external cohorts. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of this signature was 0.770, 0.765 and 0.774 in the training, testing and external validation cohorts, respectively. Finally, a nomogram was developed for clinicians and did well in the calibration plots. This nomogram based on risk gene signature and clinical features might provide a practical way for recurrence prediction and facilitating personalized managements of ccRCC patients after surgery.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/mortalidad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Nomogramas , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe a method for averaging ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images using a commercially available photo editing software: Adobe Photoshop CC 2017. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center study assessed the feasibility of using Adobe Photoshop as an OCTA image averaging tool. Three 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm OCTA images from each eye were obtained using commercially available OCTA devices. Captured OCTA images were exported in high-resolution TIFF format, imported as an image stack, aligned using an automated function, and averaged by creating a Smart Object using Photoshop CC 2017 software. In conjunction with qualitative assessment, the main outcome of the study was image grader preferences with respect to clarity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), blood vessel delineation, and the ability to identify abnormal vasculature. RESULTS: After removing OCTA scans with significant image distortion, 25 sets of images were included in the analysis. Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 successfully aligned and averaged all images of the superficial and deep retinal plexuses that contained a minimum 40% overlap. Three independent retinal specialists found the averaged images to be slightly or definitely preferable to the original 87%, 89%, and 69% of the time with respect to clarity of the FAZ, clarity of blood vessel delineation, and the ability to identify abnormal vasculature, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 is an excellent tool for image averaging, producing high-quality resulting OCTA images. As an easily accessible software, Photoshop has the potential for use in a diversity of pathological conditions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:802-807.].
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Telangiectasia Retiniana/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine if a correlation exists between hyperautofluorescent ring size with visual acuity (VA), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size, and retinal capillary perfusion density (CPD) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen eyes from nine patients with RP were imaged using fundus autofluorescence (AF) to identify autofluorescence defects, and hyperautofluorescent ring size was measured with an image-processing program. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure FAZ area and calculate parafoveal CPD in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) using both a 3 mm × 3 mm and 6 mm × 6 mm strategy. RESULTS: The area of hyperautofluorescence was not strongly correlated with SCP perfusion density (P = .74), DCP perfusion density (P = .25), FAZ area (P = .14), or VA (P = .33). CONCLUSION: The area of the hyperautofluorescent ring does not correlate with VA, retinal CPD, or FAZ area. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:492-496.].
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Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Mácula Lútea/irrigación sanguínea , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Retinitis Pigmentosa/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fóvea Central/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Retinitis Pigmentosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into clinical presentations associated with anomalous foveal avascular zone (FAZ) architecture and foveal pit morphology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes with anomalous (vascularized) FAZs were identified from 14 patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The FAZ was evaluated in three vascular layers of the retina: the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the degree of foveal pit hypoplasia was graded. RESULTS: The FAZ was absent in 21 out of 22 eyes at the SCP and in eight out of 22 eyes at the DCP. Foveal pit hypoplasia was more severe in patients where the FAZ was fully vascularized in both the SCP and DCP. The absence of the FAZ did not affect visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Anomalies of the FAZ and foveal pit can present with varying degrees of severity in patients with a wide range of ages and diagnoses. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:852-858.].
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fóvea Central/patología , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Vasos Retinianos/patología , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fóvea Central/anomalías , Fóvea Central/irrigación sanguínea , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Retina/congénito , Estudios Retrospectivos , Agudeza Visual , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Fovea plana (FP) describes the abnormal absence of the foveal pit in the retina. It is a sign that is associated with prematurity, albinism, and other ophthalmic disorders. The authors present the optical coherence tomography angiographic findings in a case of a 19-year-old male with FP and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. G6PD deficiency is a very common condition that typically presents with hemolytic anemia and jaundice. G6PD deficiency is also known to affect vision, but these pathologies have been less well-characterized. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of G6PD deficiency in FP. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:664-667.].
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fóvea Central/anomalías , Deficiencia de Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Fondo de Ojo , Deficiencia de Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of the present meta-analysis was to compare the benefits of Bacillus Calmetter-Guerin (BCG) and mitomycin C in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer. The present meta-analysis analyzed the benefits of BCG and mitomycin C in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer by comparing progression-free survival (PFS) rates in patients treated with either of the drugs following transurethral resection. The Medline, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were searched between January 1966 and August 31, 2014 for studies that investigated the efficacy of the intravesical instillation of chemotherapy in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who had been treated with transurethral resection. Search terms included: 'Urinary bladder neoplasms', 'superficial bladder cancer' and 'non-muscle invasive bladder cancer'; 'bacillus Calmette-Guerin' or 'BCG'; 'mitomycin C'; and 'intravesical administration'. Sensitivity and data quality analyses were performed. A total of 6 randomized controlled studies were included with 1,289 patients. Complete 5-year PFS data for patients who received intravesical resection and were treated with mitomycin C or BCG was provided for 3 of the 6 studies, which were therefore included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis revealed a significant benefit of BCG compared with mitomycin C in terms of 5-year PFS rate (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.75; P<0.001), indicating that BCG was superior to mitomycin C therapy in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer following transurethral resection.
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Both mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) are often over-activated in prostate cancer cells and are associated with cancer progression. In the current study, we evaluated the potential anti-prostate cancer activity of INK-128, an ATP-competitive mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that INK-128 exerted potent anti-proliferative activity in established (PC-3 and LNCaP lines) and primary (patient-derived) human prostate cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis. The latter was evidenced by increase of annexin V percentage, formation of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments, and cleavage of caspase-3. INK-128-induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity were alleviated upon pretreatment of cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK or the specific caspase-3 inhibitor z-DVED-FMK. At the molecular level, INK-18 blocked mTORC1/2 activation in PC-3 cells and LNCaP cells and downregulated mTOR-regulated genes including cyclin D1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and HIF-2α. ERK-MAPK activation and androgen receptor expression were, however, not affected by INK-128 treatment. In vivo, oral administration of INK-128 significantly inhibited growth of PC-3 xenografts in nude mice. The preclinical results of this study suggest that INK-128 could be further investigated as a promising anti-prostate cancer agent.