Synchronous occurrence of multiple distinct jaw lesions in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome: A case report.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) is an X-linked overgrowth syndrome characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth, typical facial appearance and multiple visceral, skeletal, and neurological anomalies. There is only few information in the current literature, on clinical and particularly dentofacial findings due to recent identification of the syndrome and its clinical overlap with other overgrowth syndromes. The aim of this case report is to present dentofacial findings in a 16-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with SGBS. Following comprehensive clinical, radiographic and histopathological examinations, six pathologically distinct lesions including odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, lateral periodontal cyst, dentigerous cyst and mucous retention cyst in both mandible and maxilla were identified. The clinical report is followed by a discussion aimed to clarify unique features of this condition and how practitioners should consider similar cases.

Comparison of alvogyl, SaliCept patch, and low-level laser therapy in the management of alveolar osteitis.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present randomized prospective clinical trial was to compare the effects of alvogyl, the SaliCept patch, and low-level laser therapy in the management of alveolar osteitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population included 104 patients who had been referred to our clinic with a complaint of alveolar osteitis. The patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: group 1, curettage and irrigation alone; group 2, curettage and irrigation followed by alvogyl applied directly to the socket; group 3, curettage and irrigation followed by a SaliCept patch applied directly to the socket; and group 4, curettage and irrigation followed by continuous-mode diode laser irradiation (808 nm, 100 mW, 60 seconds, 7.64 J/cm(2)). The treatment procedures were repeated after 3 days. The clinical signs and symptoms for each patient were recorded at diagnosis, at 3 days after the diagnosis, and at 7 days after the diagnosis. In addition, the pain intensity levels for each patient were recorded at diagnosis and daily for 7 days after the initial treatment. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the management of alveolar osteitis were observed between groups 2 and 3. However, the management of alveolar osteitis was significantly better in group 4 than in the other 3 groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that acemannan in the form of the SaliCept patch is an acceptable alternative to alvogyl as a dressing for the management of alveolar osteitis. However, low-level laser therapy treatment at 7.64 J/cm(2) (0.1 W × 60 seconds = 6 J) performed superiorly to both SaliCept and alvogyl in managing alveolar osteitis in our study population.

The use of 808-nm light therapy to treat experimental chronic osteomyelitis induced in rats by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND DATA: In vivo and in vitro studies have reported that laser energy in differing wavelengths and irradiation regimes has a potential bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a light wavelength of 808 nm in varying doses has an effect on chronic osteomyelitis induced experimentally in the rat tibia. METHODS: Intramedullary cavities were surgically created in the left tibias of 39 adult Wistar albino rats. Five randomly selected subjects were injected with a sterile saline solution, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was used to induce osteomyelitis in the remaining rats. After 3 weeks, rats with evidence of osteomyelitis were treated with debridement alone (n = 7), with debridement plus laser irradiation to induce photoeradication (n = 21), or were not treated at all [negative control, (n = 6)]. Active irradiation was performed using an 808 nm, 100 mW continuous-wave diode laser with a beam spot size of 0.7854 cm(2) (irradiance = 127.3 mW/cm(2)). Laser treatment commenced immediately after debridement surgery and was applied daily for 5 consecutive days. Irradiation lasted 60 secs (6 J at 7.64 J/cm(2): n = 7), 120 secs (12 J at 15.29 J/cm(2): n = 7), or 180 secs (18 J at 22.93 J/cm(2): n = 7). Rats in the sham and negative control groups were killed 21 days post-induction surgery, and those in the treatment groups were killed after 42 days. Following killing, tibias were removed and analyzed histopathologically, radiographically, and microbiologically. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis showed that infection levels had decreased by 37%, 67%, 81%, and 93% in the groups treated by debridement or by debridement plus 7.64, 15.29, and 22.93 J/cm(2) light therapy, respectively, compared to the negative control group. Osteomyelitis-induced rats had the highest bacteria count (5 × 10(5)). Bacterial counts fell to 1.6 × 10(4), 4.3 × 10(2), 5.5 × 10(1), and 3.3 × 10(0) in groups treated by debridement or by debridement plus 7.64, 15.29, and 22.93 J/cm(2) light therapy, respectively, compared to the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, laser phototherapy with the appropriate irradiation parameters appears to be a promising adjunct and/or alternative technique to pharmacological agents in the treatment of osteomyelitis. The 808 nm 100 mW (127.3 mW/cm(2)) laser device used in this study achieved a maximum effect with an irradiation time of 180 secs, delivering 18 J at an energy density of 22.93 J/cm(2).

Non-syndromic supernumerary premolars.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of non-syndromic supernumerary premolars, to classify them and to identify the complications related to them. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study was composed of 8400 panoramic radiographs of patients who presented at our Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Services from January 1998 to May 2008. The number of supernumerary premolars, their localization, the ages and the sex of the patients, any associated complications and treatment methods were estimated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 20 supernumerary premolar teeth were found in 10 of the 8400 patients (0.24%) with 7 of those being females and three males. Three patients had pain localized to the mental foramen and one patient had resorption in the root of the adjacent tooth. In these series, 18 supernumerary premolar teeth were extracted. In contrast with previous studies, this study suggested that this phenomenon is more frequently encountered in females than in males. The presence of complications associated with the supernumerary premolars in 4 patients necessitated consideration of surgical intervention as a treatment choice for these teeth. Otherwise, they should be kept under observation.